The Planets
49243
226180937
2008-07-17T05:16:19Z
Someguy1221
3315180
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/75.82.216.166|75.82.216.166]] to last version by Chobot (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]])
{{otheruses4|the orchestral suite by [[Gustav Holst]]|the celestial body|Planet|the planets in our solar system|Solar System}}
'''''The Planets''''' [[opus number|Op.]] 32<ref name=BoultCD>
"The Definitive CDs" (CD 94), of Holst: The Planets (with [[Elgar]]: Enigma Variations),
Norman Lebrecht, ''La Scena Musicale'', September 1, 2004, webpage:
[http://scena.org/columns/lebrecht/040901-NL-definitivecds.html Scena-Notes-100-CDs].</ref> is a seven-[[movement (music)|movement]] [[orchestra]]l suite by the [[United Kingdom|British]] composer [[Gustav Holst]], written between 1914 and 1916. ''The Planets'' is the most-performed composition by an English composer.<ref name=BoultCD/> Its first complete public performance occurred during [[World War I]] on [[October 10]] [[1918]] in [[Birmingham]], with [[Appleby Matthews]] conducting. However, an earlier invitation-only premiere was held on [[September 29]] [[1918]] in the [[Queen's Hall]] in [[London]], conducted by [[Sir Adrian Boult|Adrian Boult]]<ref name=DivineArtBoult>{{cite web|title='Sir Adrian Boult' on ''divine-art.com''|url=http://www.divine-art.com/AS/boult.htm}}</ref>.
The elaborate score of ''The Planets'' produces unusual, complex sounds by using some unique instruments<ref name=HolstPB>{{cite web
|title=Symphony hits new heights with 'Planets'
|url=http://www.registerguard.com/news/2005/10/24/db.esoreview.1024.p2.php?section=cityregion
|author=Peter Bergquist
|publisher=Register-Guard
|date=[[October 21]] [[2005]]
}}</ref> in the large orchestra (similar to [[Mahler]]'s [[Symphony No. 6 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 6]] of 1906), such as a [[bass oboe]], two [[timpani]] players, [[celesta]], [[xylophone]], [[tubular bell]]s, and [[organ (music)|organ]] (see "[[#Instrumentation|Instrumentation]]" below). Holst had been influenced by [[Stravinsky]],<ref name=HolstLMx>
"HOLST Suite: The Planets" (history),
Len Mullenger, Olton Recorded Music Society, January 2000, webpage:
[http://www.musicweb.uk.net/holst.htm MusicWebUK-Holst].
</ref>
who used four oboes and four bassoons in his ''[[Rite of Spring]]'' (1912-1913) and by [[Arnold Schoenberg|Schoenberg]]'s 1909 composition titled ''"[[Five Pieces for Orchestra]]"''.<ref name=HolstLMx/>
{{-}}
==Background==
The concept of the work is [[astrology|astrological]]<ref name=HolstLM>
"HOLST Suite: The Planets" (compares compositions & history),
Len Mullenger, Olton Recorded Music Society, January 2000, webpage:
[http://www.musicweb.uk.net/holst.htm MusicWebUK-Holst]:
in [[1913]] [[Gustav Holst|Holst]] went on holiday to [[Majorca]] with
[[Balfour Gardiner]], Arnold Bax, and his brother [[Clifford Bax]], who spent
the entire holiday discussing astrology.
</ref>
rather than [[astronomical]] (which is why [[Earth]] is not included). The idea was suggested to Holst by [[Clifford Bax]], who introduced him to astrology when the two were amongst a small group of English artists holidaying in [[Majorca]] in the spring of 1913; Holst became quite a devotee of the subject, and liked to cast friends' horoscopes for fun.<ref name=HolstLM/><ref name=Imogen/> Each movement is intended to convey [[Planets in astrology|ideas and emotions associated]] with the human psyche, not the Roman deities. Holst also used Alan Leo's<ref name=HolstLM/> book ''What is a Horoscope?'' as a springboard for his own ideas, as well as for the subtitles (i.e., "The Bringer of...") for the movements.
[[Image:Qnshall.jpg|thumb|300px|right| The [[Queen's Hall]]: where ''The Planets'' premiered in 1918]]
''The Planets'' as a work in progress was originally scored for a piano duet, except for "Neptune," which was scored for a single organ, as Holst believed that the sound of the piano was too harsh for a world as mysterious and distant as Neptune. Holst then scored the suite for a large orchestra and it was in this incarnation that it became enormously popular. Holst's use of orchestration was very imaginative and colourful, showing the influence of [[Schoenberg]]<ref name=HolstLM/>, and other continental composers of the day rather than his English predecessors. The influence of [[Igor Stravinsky]]'s ''[[The Firebird]]'', ''[[Petrushka]]'', and ''[[The Rite of Spring]]'' is especially notable. These new (at least for British audiences) sonorities helped make the suite an instant success. Although ''The Planets'' remains Holst's most popular work, the composer himself did not count it among his best creations and later in life complained that its popularity had completely surpassed his other works. He did, however, conduct a recorded performance of the suite in the early 1920s, and he was partial to his own favourite movement, "Saturn".
During the last weeks of [[World War I]], the private orchestral premiere of ''The Planets'' suite was held at rather short notice on September 29 1918 in the Queen's Hall. It was hastily rehearsed; the musicians first saw the complicated music only two hours before the performance. Despite this auspicious venue, it was a comparably intimate affair, attended by around 250 invited associates, with a chamber orchestra and choir conducted by [[Sir Adrian Boult|Boult]] at the request of his friends—Holst, and financial backer and fellow composer [[Balfour Gardiner]]<ref name=BoultCD/><ref name=Imogen/>. An ecstatically-received public concert was given a few weeks later while Holst was overseas, but out of the seven movements, only five were played<ref name=Imogen/>. After the war, the first complete public performance occurred on [[October 10]], [[1920]], in [[Birmingham]].
Holst himself conducted the [[London Symphony Orchestra]] performance of ''The Planets'' in 1926. In 2003, this was released on CD by IMP.
==Instrumentation==
The work is scored for a large orchestra consisting of four [[flute]]s (third and fourth doubling piccolo, fourth also doubling "[[alto flute|bass flute]] in G"), three [[oboe]]s (the third doubling [[bass oboe]]), [[English horn]], three [[clarinet]]s in A and B flat, [[bass clarinet]] in B flat, three [[bassoon]]s, [[contrabassoon]], six [[Horn (instrument)|horns]] in F, four [[trumpet]]s in C, three [[trombone]]s, tenor [[tuba]] in B flat (today usually played on [[euphonium]]), bass [[tuba]], [[timpani]] (six drums in total<ref>Although the original score calls for six timapni, most conductors prefer seven drums, in which four drums for the first player and three for the second player, as for convenience.</ref>, requiring two players), [[bass drum]], [[snare drum]], [[cymbal]]s, [[triangle (instrument)|triangle]], [[tambourine]], [[tam-tam]], [[chime]]s, [[glockenspiel]], [[xylophone]], [[celesta]], [[organ (music)|organ]], two [[harp]]s and [[string section|strings]].
For ''Neptune'', two three-part women's [[choir|chorus]]es, located in an adjoining room which is to be screened from the audience, are required.
==Non-orchestral versions==
* One piano, four hands: "... John York found an engraved copy of Holst's own piano duet arrangement."<ref>
Notes from Amazon, webpage:
[http://www.amazon.ca/dp/B000058UUS amazon.ca/Planets-World-Premiere].
</ref>;
* One harp: Holst's own solo harp arrangement.
* Two pianos: For a recording of a two-piano version, see [http://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=8.554369 Naxos-catalog-item-8.554369].<ref>
Two-piano version from Naxos, webpage:
[http://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=8.554369 Naxos-catalog].
</ref> Holst originally composed the suite for two pianos. He had two of his friends play the four-hands version to aid in composition.<ref>Notes to ''The Planets, Arranged for Two Pianos By The Composer'', J. Curwen & Sons, London.</ref>
* Organ: transcription by Peter Sykes.<ref>http://www.hbdirect.com/album_detail.php?pid=225139</ref>
* Brass ensemble: the Empire Brass has recorded a shortened version of ''Jupiter''.
* Brass band: the Black Dyke Band has recorded and performed the complete suite in a transcription by Stephen Roberts.
* Symphonic Band transcriptions written by Holst himself of ''Mars'' and ''Jupiter'' exist and are currently published by [[Boosey and Hawkes]]. A transcription for symphonic wind ensemble of the complete seven-movement suite was written by [[Merlin Patterson]] in 1998. (see "Media" below)
* Drum & Bugle Corps: Over the years many drum corps have performed selections from the Planets (as early as 1959 and as late as 2008). The most notable performances were the 1985 and 1995 Cavaliers. [http://www.corpsreps.com/corpsreps.cfm?view=CompSrch&ComposerQry=Holst Corpsreps data base]
* Synthesizers: Japanese keyboardist and composer [[Isao Tomita]] recorded the full score using only synthesizers.
==Structure==
The suite has seven movements, each of them named after a [[planet]] and its corresponding [[Roman mythology|Roman]] deity (see also [[Planets in astrology]]):
#[[Mars (planet)|Mars]], the [[Mars (mythology)|Bringer of War]]
#[[Venus (planet)|Venus]], the [[Venus (mythology)|Bringer of Peace]]
#[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], the [[Mercury (mythology)|Winged Messenger]]
#[[Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]], the [[Jupiter (mythology)|Bringer of Jollity]]
#[[Saturn (planet)|Saturn]], the [[Saturn (mythology)|Bringer of Old Age]]
#[[Uranus (planet)|Uranus]], the [[Uranus (mythology)|Magician]]
#[[Neptune (planet)|Neptune]], the [[Neptune (mythology)|Mystic]]
With the exception of the first three movements, the order of the movements corresponds to increasing distance of their eponymous planets from the Earth. Some commentators have suggested that this is intentional, with the anomaly of ''Mars'' preceding ''Mercury'' being a device to make the first four movements match the form of a [[symphony]]. One alternative explanation may be the ruling of astrological signs of the [[zodiac]] by the planets. If the zodiac signs are listed along with their [[ruling planet]]s in the traditional order starting with [[Aries (astrology)|Aries]], ignoring duplication, [[Pluto (planet)|Pluto]] (then undiscovered and now de-planetised), and the luminaries (the Sun and the Moon), then the order of the movements matches. Another possibility, this time from an astronomical perspective, is that the first three movements, representing the inner [[terrestrial planet]]s, are ordered according to their decreasing distance from the Sun. The remaining movements, representing the [[gas giant]]s that lie beyond the [[asteroid belt]], are ordered by increasing distance from the Sun. Critic [[David Hurwitz]] offers an alternative explanation for the piece's structure: that "Jupiter" is the centrepoint of the suite and that the movements on either side are in mirror images. Thus "Mars" involves motion and "Neptune" is static; "Venus" is sublime while "Uranus" is vulgar, and "Mercury" is light and ''scherzando'' while "Saturn" is heavy and plodding. (This hypothesis is lent credence by the fact that the two outer movements, "Mars" and "Neptune," are both written in rather unusual quintuple meter.)
"Neptune" was the first piece of music to have a fade-out ending.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} Holst stipulates that the women's choruses are "to be placed in an adjoining room, the door of which is to be left open until the last bar of the piece, when it is to be slowly and silently closed", and that the final bar (scored for choruses alone) is "to be repeated until the sound is lost in the distance".<ref name=FullScore>
"The Planets" (full orchestral score): Goodwin & Tabb, Ltd., London, 1921
</ref> Although commonplace today, the effect bewitched audiences in the era before widespread recorded sound - after the initial 1918 run-through, Holst's daughter [[Imogen Holst|Imogen]] (in addition to watching the charwomen dancing in the aisles during "Jupiter") remarked that the ending was "unforgettable, with its hidden chorus of women's voices growing fainter and fainter... until the imagination knew no difference between sound and silence".<ref name=Imogen>
A typical performance of all seven movements lasts around 50 minutes.
"The Great Composers and Their Music", Vol. 50, Marshall Cavendish Ltd., London, 1985. I.H. as quoted on p1218 <sup>[more direct citation required]</sup>
</ref>
===Pluto===
[[Pluto]] was discovered in 1930, four years before Holst's death, and was hailed by astronomers as a new planet. Holst expressed no interest in writing a movement for it — he had become disillusioned by the popularity of the suite, believing that it took too much attention away from his other works.{{Fact|date=March 2008}}
Numerous other composers have written their own Pluto movements. In 2000, the [[Hallé Orchestra]] commissioned the composer [[Colin Matthews]], a Holst specialist, to write a new eighth movement, which Matthews entitled ''Pluto, the Renewer''. Dedicated to [[Imogen Holst]], Gustav Holst's daughter, it was first performed in [[Manchester]] on [[May 11]] [[2000]], with [[Kent Nagano]] conducting the Hallé Orchestra. Matthews changed the ending of ''Neptune'' slightly so that the movement would lead directly into ''Pluto''.
In August 2006, the [[International Astronomical Union]] (IAU) for the first time [[2006 definition of planet|defined the term "planet"]], which resulted in a change in Pluto's status, from a [[planet]] to a [[dwarf planet]]. Thus, Holst's original work is once again a complete representation of all the extra-terrestrial planets in the [[Solar System]].
Composer/Sythesizer composer [[Wendy Carlos]], as per of her CD album ''Digital Moonscapes'', added additional movements to fill out ''The Planets'' with those not included in the Holst original. They are generally compatible in style to Holst. {{Fact|date=June 2008}}
==Uses of ''The Planets''==
=== Rugby Union===
Part of "Jupiter" was selected in 1991 as the theme of the [[Rugby world cup|Rugby Union World Cup]] under the title [[World In Union Lyrics|'World in Union']]
===Thaxted===
The melody of the slow middle section of ''Jupiter'' was arranged to form the [[hymn tune]] ''[[Thaxted (tune)|Thaxted]]'', named after the village where Holst lived for many years.
===British patriotism===
Holst adapted the work in 1921 to fit the metre of a poem beginning "[[I Vow to Thee, My Country|I vow to thee, my country]]" that was written between 1908 and 1918 by Sir [[Cecil Spring-Rice]]. The lyrics in their final version were a response to the human cost of [[World War I]]. The hymn was first performed in 1925 and quickly became a patriotic anthem, although Holst had no such intentions when he originally composed the music. Another adaptation would be the tune used for the hymn "O God beyond all praising".<ref>{{cite web
|title=I Vow To Thee My Country
|publisher=G4 Central
|url=http://www.g4central.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=67&Itemid=61|accessdate=2007-08-31
}}</ref>
===Films, television and video games===
[[Cliff Eidelman]]'s 1991 score to ''[[Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country]]'' was inspired by the sound of ''The Planets'', a copy of which was given to him by director [[Nicholas Meyer]].<ref>Supplementary Features. ''Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country'' Collector's Edition (DVD).</ref>
"Mars" was used as the title theme to the first two of [[Nigel Kneale]]'s iconic ''[[Quatermass]]'' television series of the 1950s.
[[Bill Conti]]'s score for the 1983 motion picture ''[[The Right Stuff (film)|The Right Stuff]]'' quotes "Mars" and "Jupiter" in Track 4, "Glenn's Flight."
[[John Williams]]' [[Star Wars music|score]] to ''[[Star Wars]]'' is very similar to parts of ''The Planets'' in many places. In particular, the scenes in which the [[Millennium Falcon]] is pulled into the [[Death Star]] by tractor beam, and near the end of the film when the [[Rebel Alliance]] flee the impending explosion of the [[Death Star]], music is featured which bears striking resemblance to strains from "Mars". Also, the music during Episode III when Padmé dies greatly resembles "Neptune".
During the second season of ''[[The Venture Bros]]'', during the episode "[[Hate Floats]]", Monarch Agents 21 and 24 sing a passage from "Mars" to celebrate their being called back to duty. In the first episode of the third season a portion of "Jupiter" is used to end the episode.
In the soundtrack of the computer video game ''[[Diablo II: Lord of Destruction]]'', the song "Siege" contains numerous allusions and rhythmic resemblance to "Mars."
"Mars" was featured as the main theme song for the computer video games ''[[Outpost (computer game)|Outpost]]'' and ''[[Epic (computer game)|Epic]]''.
"Saturn" was featured toward the end of the [[Mark Wahlberg]] movie ''[[The Yards]]'' as Wahlberg's character was riding on a subway train.
"Mars" is the opening title theme song to Ambrosia Software's "[[Escape Velocity Nova]]."
"Jupiter" was remixed by Pleiades Production for use in [[Dance Dance Revolution SuperNova 2]]. "Jupiter" was also used as the theme for "Starstuff," a 1980 children's television program.
"Saturn" is playing in ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[['Scuse Me While I Miss the Sky]]" when Lisa is in the museum and first develops her inspiration for astronomy. "Jupiter" was also played in the same episode shortly after "Saturn" was played.
"Mars" is played as the 'national anthem' of Mars for Valentine Michael Smith, the Martian protagonist of the 1961 novel ''[[Stranger in a Strange Land]]'' by [[Robert A. Heinlein]] upon his (Smith's) arrival on Earth.
Parts of "Jupiter" were used in the interval performance during the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1998]] in [[Birmingham]], UK. Among the performers was violinist [[Vanessa-Mae]].
"Mars" is used in the ''[[Space: 1999]]'' episode "Space Brain".
Elements of "Mars" were incorporated by [[Led Zeppelin]]'s guitarist [[Jimmy Page]] into the middle of his composition "[[Dazed and Confused (song)#Led Zeppelin studio recording|Dazed and Confused]]", as can be heard in Led Zeppelin's [[1976]] film ''[[The Song Remains The Same]]''.
Parts of "Jupiter" were used in the 2006 Japanese live action drama ''[[Nodame Cantabile]]''.
In the [[Playstation 2]] video games [[Romance Of The Three Kingdoms VIII]] "Mars" is played during the war council screen.
Part of "Jupiter" was used in the 2006 festival film [[Cashback]].
====Advertising====
The theme from "Jupiter" was used in an Australian advertisement in early 2008 for [[Bundaberg Rum]], as well as an American TV advertisement for [[Reese's Peanut Butter Cups]] in 2007.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E30JEGhwMJs YouTube - Reese's Commercial<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
===Popular culture===
{{Trivia|date=July 2008}}
*Portions of ''The Planets'', particularly "Mars" with its pounding 5/4 ostinato, have been covered and quoted extensively in [[heavy metal music]], [[progressive rock]], and [[electronica]].
* [[Heavy Metal (music)|Heavy Metal]] band [[Triumph (band)|Triumph]] used a portion of the sequence for the opening section, titled ''War March'', and the ending sequence can be heard during the third part, titled ''Minstrels Lament'' of their three-part epic, ''The City'' from the original [[Rock and Roll Machine]] album.
* [[Frank Zappa]] playing with [[The Mothers of Invention]] plays the refrain of Jupiter in "The Invocation and Ritual Dance of the Young Pumpkin" on ''Absolutely Free''. This segment is excluded from the live version continued within "Call Any Vegetable" on ''Just Another Band From LA'' [1972].
* [[King Crimson]]'s 1969 incarnation would play an improvised interpretation of "Mars, the Bringer of War" as the encore of their live set, with guitar, bass, and drums playing the 5/4 time ostinato, while [[Ian McDonald (musician)|Ian McDonald]] would improvise over the rhythmic pulse on the [[mellotron]]. The same piece appears on their 1970 album ''[[In the Wake of Poseidon]]'' as "The Devil's Triangle", so named for the three sections of the song, gradually becoming more and more improvised and avant-garde.
* The intro to the song "[[Eyes of the World]]" by British [[hard rock]] band [[Rainbow (band)|Rainbow]] is based on "Mars, the Bringer of War". Band's drummer [[Cozy Powell]] subsequently based his solo, while touring with [[Emerson, Lake & Powell]] and [[Black Sabbath]], on the same piece.
* The intro to the song "[[Am I Evil]]" by British [[heavy metal]] band [[Diamond Head (band)|Diamond Head]] is also based on "Mars, the Bringer of War".
*The chorus of the east coast thrash band [[Overkill]]'s "Who Tends the Fire" (Megaforce 82045-2, 1989) is based on the Mars theme.
* The intro and some interior sections of American [[death metal]] band [[Nile]]'s "Ramses Bringer of War" (Relapse 6983, 1998) are based on Holst's Mars.
*"The Divine Wings of Tragedy" by [[progressive metal]] band [[Symphony X]] (SPV 72833, 1999) includes a refrain of Mars material that holds the extended composition together.
* "War (Mars, The Bringer of War)" by [[Van Helsing’s Curse]] (Koch 9524, 2003) is simply a reproduction of Mars with a voice-over.
* Italian [[power metal]] band [[Domine]] does a song called "Mars, The Bringer of War" (Dragonheart, 1999) which uses significant Mars material.
* A synthesized version of "Mars, The Bringer of War" appears on a self-titled Emerson, Lake & Powell album. (Polydor 5191, 1986)
* The bridge of "Boom!" by [[hard rock]] band [[System of a Down]] (Sony 87062, 2002) is based on Mars.
* The intro to "[[White Room]]" by [[Cream]] (Polydor 827578, 1968) is essentially a reworking of Mars theme material.
* British pop artist [[Sands]] included some Mars material in the outro to "Listen to the Sky" (Rev-Ola 176, 2007) on a compilation of the same name.
*[[Rick Wakeman]] recorded an abridged version of the entire suite called ''"Beyond The Planets"'' (telstar uk, 1985) with a four-piece rock band.
*Mars was rendered in [[techno]] stylings on the cd ''TechnoClassix: Never Mind Beethoven'' (Berwick Street 1, 1993); the track is called "Mars (the bringer of techno)".
* ''[[Masque (Manfred Mann's Earth Band album)]]'' features parts of the Suite - of particular note is the first track "Joybringer(From Jupiter)" which is "Jupiter" with lyrics.
*Part of "Jupiter" is used by Swedish [[black metal]] artist [[Bathory]] in the song "Hammerheart" of the "[[Twilight of the Gods]]" album.
*[[Simon Wright]] uses parts of Jupiter when playing his drum solo on the [[Holy Diver]] DVD.
*British heavy metal band Iron Maiden used excerpts from Mars as the intro music on their 2006 A Matter Of Life And Death World Tour.
==Media==
{{multi-listen start}}
{{multi-listen item|filename=Holst- mars.ogg|title=Mars, the Bringer of War|description=Mars, from ''The Planets'',performed by the U.S. Air Force Band|format=[[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item|filename=Holst- venus.ogg|title=Venus, the Bringer of Peace|description=Venus, from ''The Planets'', performed by the U.S. Air Force Band|format=Ogg}}
{{multi-listen item|filename=Gustav Holst - the planets, op. 32 - iv. jupiter, the bringer of jollity.ogg|title=Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity|description=Jupiter, from ''The Planets'', performed by the Skidmore College Orchestra. Courtesy of [http://www.musopen.com Musopen]|format=[[ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item|filename=Holst- uranus.ogg|title=Uranus, the Magician|description=Uranus, from ''The Planets'', performed by the U.S. Air Force Band|format=Ogg}}
{{multi-listen end}}
==Notes==
<references/>
==References==
* "The Definitive CDs" (CD 94), of Holst: The Planets (with [[Elgar]]: Enigma Variations), Norman Lebrecht, ''La Scena Musicale'', September 1, 2004, webpage: [http://scena.org/columns/lebrecht/040901-NL-definitivecds.html Scena-Notes-100-CDs].
* "Symphony hits new heights with 'Planets'" (review), Peter Bergquist (professor emeritus at University of Oregon School of Music), Register Guard, 2005-10-21, MusiqueNouvelle.com webpage: [http://www.musiquenouvelle.com/news_20051021_RegisterGuard.html MNouvelle-Planets].
* "HOLST Suite: The Planets" (history), Len Mullenger, Olton Recorded Music Society, January 2000, webpage: [http://www.musicweb.uk.net/holst.htm MusicWebUK-Holst].
* [http://www.raymondhead.com/planets Astrology and Modernism in "The Planets"], Raymond Head, Tempo (Boosey & Hawkes, London, now Cambridge University Press) No 187 December 1993.
==External links==
*Links to public domain scores of the Planets:
**[http://www.archive.org/details/Holst_ThePlanets The Planets: Suite for Large Orchestra] (Score in the Public Domain)
**{{IMSLP2|id=The_Planets:_Suite_for_Large_Orchestra_%28Holst%2C_Gustav%29|cname=The Planets}}
**[http://www.mutopiaproject.org/ftp/HolstGT/Thaxted/Thaxted-let.pdf ''Thaxted'' sheet music] (PDF)
*On-line Recordings:
**[http://www.peabody.jhu.edu/743 The Planets Suite Op. 32] Live recording by Peabody Concert Orchestra (2002)
**[http://www.aquarianage.org/lore/holst.html Free MIDI recordings] of "The Planets" (containing some errors, however)
*[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086116/ IMDB entry for the 1983 Ken Russell documentary "The Planets"]
===Audio clips===
* [http://www.theclassicalshop.net/mp3samples/CH/CHAN241-2814T01D02.wma ''Jupiter''] performed by the [[Royal Scottish National Orchestra]] with [[Alexander Gibson (conductor)|Alexander Gibson]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Planets, The}}
[[Category:Suites]]
[[Category:Compositions by Gustav Holst]]
[[Category:Solar System]]
[[Category:History of astrology]]
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[[fr:Les Planètes (Holst)]]
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