The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
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{{infobox Book | <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->
| name = The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
| image = [[Image:Wizard title page.jpg|200px]]
| image_caption = Original title page.
| author = [[L. Frank Baum]]
| illustrator = [[William Wallace Denslow|W. W. Denslow]]
| country = [[United States]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
| series = [[The Oz Books]]
| genre = [[Fantasy novel|Fantasy]], [[Children's literature|Children's novel]]
| publisher = [[George M. Hill]]
| release_date = [[1900 in literature|1900]]
| media_type = Print ([[Hardcover]] and [[Paperback]]), [[Audiobook]]
| pages = 259 p., 21 leaves of plates (first edition hardcover)
| isbn = N/A
| oclc = 9506808
| preceded_by =
| followed_by = [[The Marvelous Land of Oz]]
}}
{{portalpar|Oz}}
<!-- This article is about the book, not the movie. Please do not make changes just because you remember it was different in the movie, check to see if it matches the original book first. -->
'''''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz''''' is a [[children's literature|children's]] [[novel]] written by [[L. Frank Baum]] and illustrated by [[W.W. Denslow]]. It was originally published by the George M. Hill Company in [[Chicago]] in [[1900 in literature|1900]],<ref>On May 17, 1900 the first copy of the book came off the press; Baum assembled it by hand and presented it to his sister, Mary Louise Baum Brewster. The public saw the book for the first time at a book fair at the [[Palmer House]] in Chicago, July 5-20. The book's copyright was registered on Aug. 1; full distribution followed in September. Katharine M. Rogers, ''L. Frank Baum,'' pp. 73-94.</ref> and has since been reprinted countless times, sometimes under the name '''''The Wizard of Oz'''''. The story chronicles the adventures of a girl named Dorothy in the [[Land of Oz]]. Thanks in part to the 1939 MGM movie [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|''The Wizard of Oz'']], it is one of the best-known stories in American popular culture and has been widely translated. Its initial success, and the success of the popular 1903 Broadway musical Baum adapted from his story, led to Baum's writing and having published thirteen more [[the Oz Books|Oz books]].
Baum dedicated the book "to my good friend & comrade, My Wife," Maud Gage Baum. In January [[1901]] the publisher, the George M. Hill Company, completed printing the first edition, which probably totaled around 35,000 copies. Records indicate that 21,000 copies were sold through 1900.<ref>[http://www.ozclub.org/reference/oztlfrm.htm Oz Reference Home Page<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
The original book has been in [[public domain]] in the [[United States of America|United States]] since [[1956]]. Baum's thirteen sequels entered public domain in the United States from 1960 through [[1986]]. The rights to these books were held by the Walt Disney Company, and their impending expiration was a prime motivator for the production of the [[1985]] film ''[[Return to Oz]]'', based on Baum's second and third Oz books.
Historians, economists and literary scholars have examined and developed possible [[Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz|political interpretations of ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'']].
==Plot summary==
[[Dorothy Gale|Dorothy]] is a young girl who lives on a Kansas farm with her [[Uncle Henry]], [[Aunt Em]], and little dog Toto. One day the farmhouse, with Dorothy inside, is caught up in a [[tornado]] and deposited in a field in the country of the [[Munchkins]]. The falling house kills the [[Wicked Witch of the East]].
The [[Good Witch of the North]] comes with the Munchkins to greet Dorothy and gives Dorothy the shoes that the Wicked Witch of the East had been wearing when she was killed. In order to return to Kansas, the Good Witch of the North tells Dorothy that she will have to go to the "[[Emerald City]]" and ask the [[Wizard (Oz)|Wizard]] of Oz to help her.
On her way down the [[yellow brick road|road paved with yellow brick]] to the Emerald City, Dorothy frees the [[Scarecrow (Oz)|Scarecrow]] from the pole he is hanging on, restores the movements of the rusted [[Tin Woodman]] with an oilcan, and encourages the [[Cowardly Lion]] to journey with her and Toto to the Emerald City. The Scarecrow wants to get a brain, the Tin Woodman a heart, and the Cowardly Lion, courage. All are convinced by Dorothy that the Wizard can help them too. Together, they overcome obstacles on the way.
When the group arrives at the Emerald City, the [[Guardian of the Gates]] provides them with special green spectacles that will keep the brilliance of the Emerald City from blinding them.
When each traveler meets with the Wizard, he appears each time as someone or something different. To Dorothy, the Wizard is a giant head; the Scarecrow sees a beautiful woman; the Tin Woodman sees a ravenous beast; the Cowardly Lion sees a ball of fire. The Wizard agrees to help each of them, but one of them must kill the [[Wicked Witch of the West]] who rules over the Winkie Country.
As the friends travel across the [[Winkie Country]], the Wicked Witch sends wolves, crows, bees, and then her Winkie soldiers to attack them but they manage to get past them all. Then, using the power of the Golden Cap, the Witch summons the [[Winged Monkeys]] to capture all of the travelers.
When the Wicked Witch gains one of Dorothy's silver shoes by trickery, Dorothy in anger grabs a bucket of water and throws it on the Wicked Witch, who begins to melt. The Winkies rejoice at being freed of the witch's tyranny, and they help to reassemble the Scarecrow and the Tin Man. The Winkies love the Tin Woodman and they ask him to become their ruler, which he agrees to do after helping Dorothy return to Kansas.
Dorothy uses the Golden Cap to summon the Winged Monkeys to carry her and her companions back to the Emerald City, and the King tells how they were bound by an enchantment to the cap by [[Gayelette]].
When Dorothy and her friends meet the Wizard of Oz again, he tries to put them off. Toto accidentally tips over a screen in a corner of the throne room, revealing an old man who had journeyed to Oz from Omaha long ago in a hot air balloon.
The Wizard persuades the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion that what they lack are not brains or a heart or courage, but faith in themselves. In order to help Dorothy and Toto get home, the Wizard realizes that he will have to take them home with him in a new balloon, which he and Dorothy fashion from green silk. Revealing himself to the people of the Emerald City one last time, the Wizard appoints the Scarecrow, by virtue of his brains, to rule in his stead. Dorothy chases Toto after he runs after a kitten in the crowd, and before she can make it back to the balloon, the ropes break, leaving the Wizard to rise and float away alone.
Dorothy turns to the Winged Monkeys to carry her and Toto home, but they cannot cross the desert surrounding Oz. The [[Soldier with the Green Whiskers]] advises that [[Glinda]], the Good Witch of the South, may be able to send Dorothy and Toto home. They, the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion journey to Glinda's palace in the [[Quadling Country]]. Together they escape the Fighting Trees, dodge the Hammer-Heads, and tread carefully through the China Country. The Cowardly Lion kills a giant [[Spider (Oz)|spider]], who is terrorizing the animals in a forest, and he agrees to return there to rule them after Dorothy returns to Kansas--the [[Hungry Tiger|biggest of the tigers]] ruling in his stead as before. Dorothy uses her third wish to fly over the Hammer-Heads' mountain.
At Glinda's palace, the travelers are greeted warmly, and it is revealed by Glinda that Dorothy had the power to go home all along. The Silver Shoes she wears can take her anywhere she wishes to go. She tearfully embraces her friends, all of whom will be returned, through Glinda's use of the Golden Cap, to their respective sovereignties: the Scarecrow to the Emerald City, the Tin Woodman to the Winkie Country, and the Cowardly Lion to the forest. Then she will give the Cap to the king of the Winged Monkeys, so they will never be under its spell again. Dorothy and Toto return to Kansas and a joyful family reunion. The Silver Shoes are lost during Dorothy's flight and never seen again.
==Sources of images and ideas==
Baum acknowledged the influence of the [[Brothers Grimm]] and [[Hans Christian Andersen]], which he was deliberately revising in his "American fairy tales" to include the wonder without the horrors.<ref>L. Frank Baum, Michael Patrick Hearn, ''The Annotated Wizard of Oz'', p 38, ISBN 0-517-500868 </ref>
Local legend has it that Oz was inspired by a prominent castle-like building in the community of Castle Park near [[Holland, Michigan]] where Baum summered. The yellow brick road was derived from a road at that time paved by yellow bricks. Baum scholars often reference the 1893 Chicago World's Fair as an inspiration for the Emerald City.
Another influence lay in the [[Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)|Alice]] books of [[Lewis Carroll]]. Although he found their plots incoherent, Baum identified their source of popularity as Alice herself, a child with whom the child readers could identify; this influenced his choice of a protagonist.<ref>L. Frank Baum, Michael Patrick Hearn, ''The Annotated Wizard of Oz'', p 38, ISBN 0-517-500868 </ref>
The name "Oz" came from a file drawer labeled "O-Z" according to reports from Baum and his sons. <ref>[http://www.snopes.com/language/literary/oz.asp Snopes.com - The Oz Files]</ref>
=== The Gold Standard representation of the story ===
{{seealso|Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz}}
Some scholars have theorized that the images and characters used by Baum and Denslow closely resembled political images that were well known in the 1890s, specifically the debate of the day regarding monetary policy: the "Yellow Brick Road" represents the [[gold standard]], the silver slippers (in the film ruby) represent the sixteen to one silver ratio (dancing down the road). Many other characters, and story lines represent identifiable people or circumstances of the day. The wicked witches of the east and west represented the local banks and the railroad industry, both of which drove small farmers out of business.
The scarecrow represents the farmers of the [[Populism|Populist]] party, who managed to get out of debt by making more silver coinage. Unfortunately, the farmers did not have the brains to understand that introducing more coin into circulation reduced its value (Dorothy eventually losing her silver shoes). The Tin Man represents the factory workers of the industrialized North, whom the Populists saw as being so hard-pressed to work grueling hours for little money that the workers had lost their human hearts and become mechanized themselves. (See [[Second Industrial Revolution]]) Toto was thought to be short for [[teetotaler]], another word for a [[prohibitionist]]; it should be noted that [[William Jennings Bryan]], the fiery popular candidate (possibly the Lion character) from the Populist Party, was a teetotaler himself. Bryan also fits the allegorical reference to the cowardly Lion in that he retreated from his support of free silver after economic conditions improved in the late 1890s. However, it has also been suggested the cowardly Lion represented the Wallstreet investors given the economic climate of the time. The Munchkins being the common people (serfdom), the emerald city, Washington and its green-paper money delusion. The Wizard, a charlatan who tricks people into believing he wields immense power, would represent the President. The kiss from the Good Witch of the North the electoral mandate; Dorothy must destroy the Wicked Witch of the West - the old West Coast "establishment" (money) with water (the US was suffering from drought). Moreover, of course "Oz" is the abbreviation for the measuring of these precious metals, ounces.
Some biographers and scholars of Baum disagree, pointing to details of Baum's biography, his own statements and writing about the purpose of his book, and the lack of contemporary press discussing these perceived metaphors. The consensus is that the books are written solely for the pleasure of Baum's younger readers, to give them a sense of possibility and imagination. <ref>[http://www.turnmeondeadman.net/OZ/Responses.php Responses to Littlefield - The Wizard of Oz - Turn Me On, Dead Man<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://thewizardofoz.info/faq02.html#16 Wizard of Oz - Frequently Asked Questions - The Oz Books<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==Cultural impact==
''The Wizard of Oz'' has been translated into well over 40 different languages. In some cases, the story proved so popular in other countries that it was adapted to suit the local culture. For instance, in some countries where the [[Hindu]] religion is practiced, abridged versions of the book were published in which, for religious reasons, the Tin Woodman was replaced with a [[snake]].<ref>[http://redbirdstudio.com/E_Books/Oz/index.html The Wonderful Wizard of Oz<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
Russian author [[Alexander M. Volkov]] brought a rather free translation of the story to the Soviet Union in 1939 <ref>http://emeraldcity.ru/eng/index.htm Friends of the Emerald City (Volkov's) EmeraldCity.ru</ref>(the same year MGM released their film). Nowhere in Volkov's works is Baum cited and Baum received no money from the Soviet Union, for what amount to copyright theft. He called it ''[[The Wizard of Emerald City]]'' and the country where the story is set was changed from Oz, to "Magic Land." Alexander Volkov took many liberties with his translation, editing as he saw fit, and adding a chapter in which Ellie (his name for Dorothy) is kidnapped by a man-eating [[Ogre]] and rescued by her friends. The Wizard is renamed “James Goodwin,” the Scarecrow is called “Strasheela” (derived from a Russian word meaning “terrifying”), and the Tin Woodman is now the IRON Woodman. All four of the witches, good and bad, have new names: Villina (Baum’s Good Witch of the North), Gingema (Wicked Witch of the East), Bastinda (Wicked Witch of the West), and Stella (Baum’s Glinda, Good Witch of the South) Volkov went on to write his own independent series of sequels to the book, very loosely based on the originals, including: ''Urfin Jus and His Wooden Soldiers'', ''Seven Underground Kings'', ''The Firey God of the Marrans'', ''The Yellow Fog'', and ''The Secret of the Deserted Castle''. Some characters in these sequels clearly have their origins in the later Oz books, such as Ellie's uncle Charlie Black, who is a combination of Baum's [[Cap'n Bill]] and [[Johnny Dooit]], and the last book invokes the [[Forbidden Fountain]]. The latter three sequels feature, instead of Ellie and Toto, her younger sister Annie along with her own dog, Toto's grandson Arto (which was absent from the last book) and her childhood friend Tim. The original book and all of its sequels were translated in a more faithful fashion some time later, and Russians now see these two versions as wholly different series. In 1959, beloved Russian illustrator [[Leonid Vladimirsky]] drew the Scarecrow short, round and tubby; his influence is evident in illustrations for translations across the Soviet bloc, where the Scarecrow is almost always portrayed as short, round and tubby. Leonid Vladimirsky has written at least two additional sequels to Alexander Volkov's alternative Oz; two more Russian authors and one German have written additional sequels to the "Magic Land" stories. The books have been faithfully translated to English by [[Peter Blystone]] as ''Tales of Magic Land''. These last two books were previously made available as Oz books through [[Buckethead Enterprises of Oz]], but were translated loosely to make them Oz books.
References to ''The Wizard of Oz'' (and Magic Land) are thoroughly ingrained in British, American, Russian, and other cultures. A mere sampling of the breadth in which it is referenced might include ''[[Futurama (TV series)|Futurama]]'' and ''[[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]]'' (the former parodied it in an episode, the latter based an [[My Way Home|episode]] off it), ''[[The Cinnamon Bear]]'' (a 1938 radio serial), ''[[RahXephon]]'' (a 2002 Japanese animated television show), ''[[Zardoz]]'' (a 1974 Sean Connery movie), ''[[Wizard and Glass]]'' (a 1997 Stephen King fantasy/Western novel), and the science fiction literature of [[Robert A. Heinlein]], particularly ''[[The Number of the Beast (novel)|The Number of the Beast]]''. The Wizard of Oz Mystery, a [[murder mystery game]] based on the famous characters was released in 2007 from [[Shot In The Dark Mysteries]]. [[John Connor]], a character in the [[Terminator]] series, cited that one of his favorite memories was of his mother reading him the story of the Wizard of Oz in Spanish as a child.
In 1967, [[The Seekers]] recorded "[[Emerald City (song)|Emerald City]]" in which the vocalist sings of a visit to the Emerald City. The melody of the song is "lied an die Freude" from [[Beethoven's Ninth Symphony]].
Some of these references, however, can possibly be attributed more to the now-phenomenal popularity of the [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|1939 film version]] than the original novel. [[MGM]]'s classic [[Technicolor]] film version of the novel has become an ingrained part of popular culture ever since it began to be shown annually on American television.
[[Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West|Wicked]] is a revisionist look at the land and characters of Oz.
==Criticisms==
Although widely held as a classic of children's literature, the novel has repeatedly come under fire over the years. Some religious commentators, for example, have objected to Baum's portrayal of "good witches".<ref>Wizard of Oz - Frequently Asked Questions - The Books http://thewizardofoz.info/faq02.html#20 accessed 9th June 2007</ref> On a more secular note, feminist author [[Margery Hourihan]] has described the book as a "banal and mechanistic story which is written in flat, impoverished prose" and dismissed the central character as "the girl-woman of Hollywood".<ref>Margaret Houihan, ''Deconstructing the Hero'', p. 209, ISBN 0-415-14186-9</ref>
Human rights activists also protested the use of "little people" in the film. In addition to their role as the nefarious munchkins, little people were also cast in the role of the flying monkeys. Forced to wear degrading and stinky monkey suits and hang from ropes for 10 hours or more during shoots, a number of little people lost their lives during the filming of the movie.
==Adaptations==
{{main|The Wizard of Oz (adaptations)}}
===Stage and screen===
The earliest [[musical theater|musical]] [[The Wizard of Oz (1902 stage play)|version of the book]] was produced by Baum and Denslow (with music by composer [[Paul Tietjens]]) in Chicago in 1902, and moved to New York in 1903. It used the same characters, and was aimed more at adult audiences. It had a long, successful run on Broadway. Baum added numerous additional political references to the script. For example, his actors specifically mention President Theodore Roosevelt, Senator Mark Hanna, and John D. Rockefeller by name. (Swartz, ''Before the Rainbow'', pp 34, 47, 56) He wrote a version more faithful to the book in 1901, but it has never been produced. Although it included many of the same songs, it featured far fewer [[interpolation]]s of other songs, which had nothing to do with the story than the 1902 version did.
The earliest ''"Oz"'' film series were produced by Baum in 1908 and 1914 and twice featured the young silent film actress [[Mildred Harris]]. Another series that Baum had nothing to do with, aside from a contractual agreement, appeared in 1910, which may have featured [[Bebe Daniels]] as Dorothy. [[Larry Semon]], in collaboration with [[Frank Joslyn Baum]], created a rather well known but unsuccessful [[Wizard of Oz (1925 film)|version]] in 1925. Without question, the most famous adaptation is the [[1939 in film|1939]] film, ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]'', featuring [[Judy Garland]] as Dorothy. This, in turn, has been adapted into two separate stage productions, first by [[Frank Gabrielson]], (who wrote the 1960 [[teleplay]] of ''[[The Land of Oz]]'' for [[Shirley Temple]]), and more recently by the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]'s [[John Kane (British actor)|John Kane]]), but the first stage production, in [[1902]], used a score partly written by Baum and released on compact disc in 2003 by Hungry Tiger Press, and not the one heard in the 1939 film, though there have been attempts, mostly in [[Florida]] by [[Constantine Grame]], to revive it. Early film versions of the book include a [[1914]] film produced by Baum himself entitled ''[[His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz]]'', which incorporates several incidents from the book—the Scarecrow is first seen hanging on a pole, from which Dorothy rescues him, and the Tin Man is discovered standing rusted in the forest—and a [[1925 in film|1925]] film, ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)|Wizard of Oz]]'', featuring [[Oliver Hardy]] as the Tin Woodsman [sic]. ''[[The Wiz]]'' was a hit musical with an all-black cast produced in the 1970s on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]]; it was later made into a [[1978 in film|1978]] movie directed by [[Sidney Lumet]] and starring [[Diana Ross]] as Dorothy and [[Michael Jackson]] as the Scarecrow. The most recent adaptation of the novel is ''[[Tin Man (miniseries)|Tin Man]]'', which aired in the US on the Sci-Fi Channel as a 3 part [[miniseries]], from December 2nd to December 4th 2007 .
An animated series based on the 1939 film was broadcast on [[ABC network]] during the 1990-1991 TV season. The cartoon featured Dorothy returning to Oz, reuniting with her four friends, and journeying through the magical realm in an attempt to rescue the Wizard from a resurrected Witch of the West.
A recent musical adaptation of an Oz-related book is the musical ''[[Wicked (musical)|Wicked]]'', based on the book ''[[Wicked (novel)|Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West]]'' by [[Gregory Maguire]]. The musical has broken Broadway and West End records and received considerable critical and popular success. Another adaptation especially for children was performed by the Festspiele [[Balve]]r Höhle in 2005.
There has also been a [[spin-off]], called "[[The Oz Kids]]". This animated series features the offspring of the main characters of the original novels.
In December 2007, [[RHI Entertainment]] and [[Sci Fi Channel|Sci Fi]] released ''[[Tin Man (TV miniseries)|Tin Man]]''. This three-part miniseries, advertised as a re-imagined version of the Wizard of Oz, gave the story a heavy [[science fiction]]/[[fantasy]] emphasis and at first glance, gives only allusive references to most of the original story and the 1939 film.<ref>[http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=2&id=42220 Sci Fi Wire - ''Tin Man'' Previewed]</ref> However, the revelation in the third part of ''Tin Man'' that the heroine, DG, is a descendant of Dorothy Gale indicates that the series may portray a future version of Oz, rather than a re-imagining.
On 23 July 2008, a new stage version of the film opens at Southbank Centre's Royal Festival Hall in London. Directed by acclaimed Artistic Director Jude Kelly, it stars Sian Brooke, Adam Cooper, Roy Hudd, Julie Legrand, Hilton McRae and Gary Wilmot.
=== Comics ===
[[Image:Wizardofoz cov.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'' (2006), adapted by David Chauvel. Art by Enrique Fernandez.]] The novel was adapted into a comic book in 2005, illustrated/painted by Enrique Fernandez and adapted by David Chauvel, with almost all dialogue and narration taken directly from Baum's original. The comic was originally published in 2005 in France, where it won the prestigious Grand Prix de La Ville De Lyon Award of Illustration. In 2006, it was adapted into English and published in America by [[Image Comics]].
Other comics art adaptations of ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'' have been published both in the USA and in other countries.
The Wizard of Oz served as the inspiration for the 1994 Legion of Super-heroes annual from [[DC Comics]], with the characters traveling down a star path to rescue Valor (Mon El) from the villainous Star Finger.
The comic book ''[[Dorothy (comic book)|Dorothy]]'' was launched by [[Illusive Arts Entertainment]] in November 2005. Presented in semi-[[fumetti]] style using digitally altered photographs, this retelling of Baum's story has been updated to 2005 and "stars" model [[Catie Fisher]] as 16-year-old Dorothy Gale, a disaffected youth with dyed hair and piercings who steals her uncle's car and runs away from home ... until she encounters a [[tornado]] and is knocked unconscious. She awakens in a strange land and utters: "I don't think this is Kansas ... maybe it's [[Colorado]]." This version of the tale, created by [[Greg Mannino]], written by [[Mark Masterson]] with artwork by Greg Mannino and [[Ray Boersig]], is in part a retelling of Baum's tale and in part a retelling of the 1939 movie version of the story, as it incorporates elements of the Judy Garland film.
An erotic re-telling of the story is featured in ''[[Lost Girls]]'', by [[Alan Moore]] and [[Melinda Gebbie]], in which an adult Dorothy meets [[Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)|Alice]] from ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'' and [[Wendy Darling]] from ''[[Peter Pan]]'' and the trio recount the stories of their respective works as allegories for their sexual awakenings.
===Oz no Mahōtsukai===
{{main|The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 anime)|l1=Oz no Mahōtsukai}}
An [[Anime]] adaptation of four of Baum's Oz books known as ''Oz no Mahoutsukai'' was created in [[1986]]. It consists of 52 episodes and follows the story of Dorothy and her adventures in Oz with the Tin Woodman, Cowardly Lion, and Scarecrow. It continues on to the story of [[Princess Ozma|Ozma]] and [[Mombi]], and follows through the events of other Oz books.
In [[1987]], HBO purchased the rights to the series and dubbed/edited together key episodes of the series into a series of movies. Production for the English version was done by the Canadian studio [[Cinar]]. Actress Margot Kidder was hired as narrator for the series, which aired as a mini-series.
An earlier, feature-length anime adaptation of the story was made by [[Toho]] in [[1982]] and was directed by [[Fumihiko Takayama]], with music by [[Joe Hisaishi]] (known for composing the music to many of [[Hayao Miyazaki]]'s works). The English version of the movie stars [[Aileen Quinn]] as the voice of Dorothy. Like the 1939 Judy Garland film version, this anime take on ''The Wizard of Oz'' ends the story with Dorothy's trip home to Kansas after visiting the Wizard, and is a musical boasting original vocal songs such as "It's Strictly Up To You," "I Dream Of Home," and "A Wizard Of A Day," all sung by Aileen Quinn in the English version. The lyrics to these songs were by [[Sammy Cahn]] and [[Allen Byrnes]]. This film was seemingly made with the American market in mind, as it was released in the United States before it premiered in Japan. In the U.S., it was released on video and syndicated to local television stations.
===The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz===
{{main|The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz}}
This is another Japanese animation consisting of twenty-six episodes, this time involving Dorothy and the characters traveling in space around the galaxy of Oz. It was dubbed and edited into the feature-length (75 minute) ''Supêsu Oz no bôken'' for the U.S.
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
*Baum, Frank Joslyn & MacFall, Russell P. (1961) ''To Please a Child''. Chicago: Reilly & Lee Co.
* Culver, Stuart. "Growing Up in Oz." ''American Literary History'' 4 (1992) 607-28.
* Culver, Stuart. "What Manikins Want: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and The Art of Decorating Dry Goods Windows and Interiors", ''Representations'', 21 (1988) 97-116.
*Dighe, Ranjit S. ed. ''The Historian's Wizard of Oz: Reading L. Frank Baum's Classic as a Political and Monetary Allegory'' (2002)
*Gardner, Martin & Nye, Russel B. (1994) ''The Wizard of Oz and Who He Was''. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press
*[http://www.turnmeondeadman.net/OZ/Responses.html Gardner, Todd. "Responses to Littlefield" (2004), online]
*Green, David L. and Dick Martin. (1977) ''The Oz Scrapbook''. Random House.
*Hearn, Michael Patrick (ed). (2000, 1973) ''The Annotated Wizard of Oz''. W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-04992-2
* [http://www.amphigory.com/oz.htm Littlefield, Henry. "The Wizard of Oz: Parable on Populism." ''American Quarterly''. v. 16, 3, Spring 1964, 47-58.]
*[http://www.halcyon.com/piglet/Populism.htm Parker, David B. (1994) "The Rise and Fall of ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'' as a 'Parable on Populism'." ''Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians''. 16 (1994): 49-63]
*Riley, Michael O. (1997) ''Oz and Beyond: The Fantasy World of L. Frank Baum''. University of Kansas Press ISBN 0-7006-0832-X
*Ritter, Gretchen. "Silver slippers and a golden cap: L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and historical memory in American politics." ''Journal of American Studies'' (August 1997) vol. 31, no. 2, 171-203.
* Rockoff, Hugh. "The 'Wizard of Oz' as a Monetary Allegory," Journal of Political Economy 98 (1990): 739-60 online at JSTOR
*Rogers, Katharine M. ''L. Frank Baum: Creator of Oz.'' New York, St. Martin's Press (2002).
*Sherman, Fraser A. (2005). ''The Wizard of Oz catalog: L. Frank Baum's novel, its sequels and their adaptations for stage, television, movies, radio, music videos, comic books, commercials and more''. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. ISBN 0786417927
*Sunshine, Linda. ''All Things Oz'' (2003)
*Swartz, Mark Evan. ''Oz Before the Rainbow: L. Frank Baum's "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" on Stage and Screen to 1939'' (2000).
* [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000776148 Velde, Francois R. "Following the Yellow Brick Road: How the United States Adopted the Gold Standard" Economic Perspectives. Volume: 26. Issue: 2. 2002.] [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=377760 also online here]
*[http://www.halcyon.com/piglet/books8-Ziaukas.htm| Ziaukas, Tim. "100 Years of Oz: Baum's 'Wizard of Oz' as Gilded Age Public Relations" in ''Public Relations Quarterly,'' Fall 1998]
*[http://www.spawn.com/toys/series.aspx?division=toys&category=horror&series=monsters2]McFARLANE’S MONSTERS SERIES 2: TWISTED LAND OF OZ
==External links==
{{Wikisource4|the complete text of|[[:wikisource:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz|The Wonderful Wizard of Oz]]}}
{{Spoken Wikipedia|En_the_wonderful_wizard_of_oz.ogg|2006-01-08}}
*{{gutenberg|no=55|name=The Wonderful Wizard of Oz}}
*[http://www.opinionjournal.com/la/?id=110008361 "Down the Yellow Brick Road of Overinterpretation," by John J. Miller in the Wall Street Journal]
*[http://www.archive.org/details/wizard_of_oz The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Audio Book] a [http://www.librivox.org Librivox] project.
*[http://publicliterature.org/books/wizard_of_oz/xaa.php ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz''], full text and audio.
*[http://wiredforbooks.org/oz/ ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum''], an unabridged dramatic audio performance at [[Wired for Books]].
{{oz books|
before=N/A|
after=The Marvelous Land of Oz|
title=The Wonderful Wizard of Oz|
year=1900}}
{{Oz}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wonderful Wizard of Oz, The}}
[[Category:1900 novels]]
[[Category:American novels]]
[[Category:Fantasy novels]]
[[Category:Children's novels]]
[[Category:Oz books]]
[[Category:Series of children's books]]
[[Category:Public domain characters]]
{{Link FA|de}}
[[bg:Вълшебникът от Оз]]
[[ca:El màgic d'Oz]]
[[cy:Dewin Gwlad yr Os]]
[[da:Troldmanden fra Oz]]
[[de:Der Zauberer von Oz]]
[[et:Võlur Oz]]
[[es:El maravilloso Mago de Oz]]
[[eo:La mirinda sorĉisto de Oz]]
[[fr:Le Magicien d'Oz (roman)]]
[[ko:오즈의 마법사]]
[[id:Penyihir Ozu]]
[[it:Il meraviglioso mago di Oz]]
[[he:הקוסם מארץ עוץ]]
[[lv:Brīnumainais burvis no Oza zemes]]
[[nl:De tovenaar van Oz]]
[[ja:オズの魔法使い]]
[[no:Trollmannen fra Oz]]
[[pt:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz]]
[[ru:Удивительный Волшебник из Страны Оз]]
[[sv:Den underbara trollkarlen från Oz]]
[[zh:绿野仙踪 (童话)]]