Thiaminase 901077 223327241 2008-07-03T16:10:59Z DOI bot 6652755 Citation maintenance. Formatted: title, doi. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. [[Image:Thiamine-2D-skeletal.png|thumb|[[Thiamine]]]] '''Thiaminase''' is an [[enzyme]] that [[metabolism|metabolizes]] or breaks down [[thiamine]] into two molecular parts. The old name was "Aneurinase". <ref>{{cite journal |author=Fujita A, Nose Y, Kozuka S et al. |title=Studies on thiaminase |journal=J.Biol.Chem. |volume=196 |issue= |pages=289–295 |year=1952 |pmid= }}</ref> There are two types: <ref name="cornell">[http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/toxicagents/thiaminase/thiaminase.html Thiaminases<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * {{MeshName|thiaminase+I}} ({{EC number|2.5.1.2}}) * {{MeshName|thiaminase+II}} ({{EC number|3.5.99.2}}) ==Sources== Source include: * [[Bracken]] (brake), [[Marsilea|Nardoo]] and other plants.<ref>{{cite journal |author=NcCleary BV and Chick BF. |title=The purification and properties of a thiaminaseI from Nardoo (Marsilea drummondii) |journal=Phytochemistry |volume=16 |issue= |pages=207–213 |year=1977|doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86787-4 }}</ref> * Some [[fish]] including [[carp]] and [[goldfish]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Boś M, Kozik A |title=Some molecular and enzymatic properties of a homogeneous preparation of thiaminase I purified from carp liver |journal=J Protein Chem |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=75–84 |year=2000 |pmid=10945431 |doi=10.1023/A:1007043530616}}</ref> * A few strains of bacteria like [[Bacillus thiaminolyticus]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wittliff JL and Airth RL. |title=The extracellular thiaminase I of Bacillus thiaminolyticus I. Purification and physicochemical properties |journal=Biochemistry |volume=7 |issue= |pages=736–44 |year=1968|doi=10.1021/bi00842a032}}</ref>, [[Bacillus aneurinolyticus]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Nakatsuka T, Suzuki K, Nakano Y, Kitaoka S. |title=Physicochemical properties of intracellular thiaminase II of Bacillus aneurinolyticus |journal=Vitamins (Japan) |volume=62 |issue= |pages=15–22 |year=1988 |pmid= }}</ref>, or [[Bacillus subtilis]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Toms A, Haas A, Park J, Begley T, Ealick S |title=Structural characterization of the regulatory proteins TenA and TenI from Bacillus subtilis and identification of TenA as a thiaminase II |journal=Biochemistry |volume=44 |issue=7 |pages=2319–29 |year=2005 |pmid=15709744 |doi=10.1021/bi0478648}}</ref> * An African silk worm, [[Anaphe venata]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Nishimune T, Watanabe Y, Okazaki H, Akai H. |title=Thiamin is decomposed due to Anaphe spp. entomophagy in seasonal ataxia patients in Nigeria |journal=J.Nutr. |volume=130 |issue= |pages=1625–28 |year=2000 |pmid= }}</ref> ==Effects== Its physiological meaning for the plant, fish, bacterial cell or insect is not known. It was first described as the cause of highly mortal [[ataxic]] [[neuropathy]] in [[fur]] producing [[foxes]] eating raw entrails of river fish like carp in 1941. It is also known as the [[etiology]] of cerebrocortical necrosis of [[cattle]] and [[polioencephalomalasia]] of [[sheep]] eating thiaminase containing plants.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ramos J, Marca C, Loste A, García de Jalón J, Fernández A, Cubel T |title=Biochemical changes in apparently normal sheep from flocks affected by polioencephalomalacia |journal=Vet Res Commun |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=111–24 |year=2003 |pmid=12718505 |doi=10.1023/A:1022807119539}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans WC. |title=Thiaminases and their effects on animals |journal=Vitamins and Hormones |volume=33 |issue= |pages=467–504 |year=1975 |doi=10.1016/S0083-6729(08)60970-X }}</ref> It was once causing economical losses in raising [[fisheries]], e.g. in [[Yellowtail (fish)|yellowtail]] fed raw [[anchovy]] as a sole feed for a certain period, and also in [[sea bream]] and [[rainbow trout]]. The same problem is being studied in a natural food chain system.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fisher JP, Brown SB, Wooster GW and Bowser PR. |title=Maternal blood, egg and larval thiamin levels correlate with larval survival in landlocked Atlantic salmon |journal=J.Nutr. |volume=128 |issue= |pages=2456–66 |year=1998 |pmid= }}</ref> The larvae of a wild [[silk worm]] [[Anaphe venata]] are being consumed in a [[rain forest]] district of [[Nigeria]] as a supplemental protein nutrition, and the heat resistant thiaminase in it is causing an acute seasonal [[ataxia|cerebellar ataxia]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Adamolekun B, Adamolekun WE, Sonibare AD and Sofowora G.|title=A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of thiamin hydrochloride in a seasonal ataxia in Nigerians |journal=Neurology |volume=44 |issue= |pages=549–51 |year=1944 |pmid= }}</ref> In 1860-61 - [[Burke and Wills]] were the first Europeans to cross [[Australia]] south to north; on their return they subsisted primarily on raw [[nardoo]]-fern and died of [[beriberi]] because of the extremely high thiaminase content in an otherwise thiamine-poor diet.<ref name="cornell"> </ref> ==References== {{Reflist|2}} {{transferase-stub}} {{Alkyl and aryl transferases}} {{Carbon-nitrogen non-peptide hydrolases}} [[Category:EC 2.5.1]] [[de:Thiaminase]]