Third Way (centrism)
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:''This article is about a political philosophy; for other uses, see [[Third way|Third way (disambiguation)]].''
[[Image:Clinton Blair.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bill Clinton]] and [[Tony Blair]], adherents of the "Third Way"]]
The '''Third Way''', or [[Radical center (politics)|Radical center]], is a [[centrist]] political philosophy of governance that embraces a mix of [[free market|market]] and [[Economic interventionism|interventionist]] philosophies. The Third Way rejects both [[socialism]] and [[laissez-faire]] approaches to economic governance, but chiefly stresses technological development, education, and competitive mechanisms to pursue economic progress and governmental objectives.<ref name="Democratic Leadership Council, About the Third Way">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndol.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=128&subid=187&contentid=895|title=Democratic Leadership Council, About the Third Way|accessdate=2007-07-07}}</ref> Third way philosophies have been described as a synthesis of capitalism and socialism by its proponents.<ref name="Dale, R. (4 April, 2000). Thinking Ahead / Commentary : What the 'Third Way' Is Really About. ''The International Herland''.">{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2000/04/04/think.2.t.php|title=Dale, R. (4 April, 2000). Thinking Ahead / Commentary : What a 'Third Way' Is Really About. ''The International Herland''.|accessdate=2007-07-07}}</ref> One of its central aims is to protect the modern welfare state through reforms that maintain its economic integrity.<ref name="Pierson">Pierson, P. (2002). Coping with permanent austerity: welfare state restructuring in affluent democracies. ''Revue Francaise de Sociologie, 43''(2), 369-406.</ref>
Past invocations of a political 'third way' have included the [[Fabian Society|Fabian Socialism]], [[Distributism]], [[John Maynard Keynes|Keynesian]] economics, [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s [[New Deal]], and [[Harold Macmillan]]'s 1950s [[One Nation Conservatism]].<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:cs-AGTnAUR0J:www.utas.edu.au/government/APSA/KMcCrackenfinal.pdf&hl=en&gl=uk&ct=clnk&cd=1 The Third Way, University of Texas Accessed 2007]</ref> A "Third Way" approach has been adopted by some [[Social democracy|social democrats]] and [[Social liberalism|social liberals]] in many Western liberal democracies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndol.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=128&subid=187&contentid=895|title=Democratic Leadership Council. (1 June, 1998). About the Third Way.|accessdate=2007-07-11}}</ref> While it was pioneered in the 1980s in [[Australia]] by the [[Bob Hawke|Hawke]]/[[Paul Keating|Keating]] [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] governments,<ref>[http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=128&subsecID=187&contentID=254259 Progressives Rising Down Under?]</ref> the most recent prominent examples are the [[Clinton Administration]] in the [[United States]] as well as presidential candidates [[Hillary Clinton]]<ref>[http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID=%7BBB3F7027-35CA-4777-8C3D-77B1494E4565%7D FrontPage Magazine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and [[Barack Obama]],<ref>[http://www.nhi.org/online/issues/149/obama.html Obama's Third Way<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> the [[Labour party (UK)|Labour Party]] (New Labour) governments of the [[United Kingdom]] under [[Tony Blair]] and [[Gordon Brown]], the [[Liberal Party of Canada| Liberal Party]] government of [[Canada]] under [[Jean Chrétien]] and [[Paul Martin]] as well as then-prime ministerial candidates [[Michael Ignatieff]] and [[Stephane Dion]], and the [[Australian Labor Party]] under [[Kevin Rudd]] and [[Mark Latham]].
The third way has been criticized by some conservatives and libertarians who advocate laissez-faire capitalism.<ref name="Bashan, P. (5 November, 2002). Is the Third War at a Dead End? ''Cato Institute''.">{{cite web|url=http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:NMYDW2TI_1MJ:www.cato.org/pub_display.php%3Fpub_id%3D4173+%22third+way%22+%22center+left%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=11&gl=us|title=Bashan, P. (5 November, 2002). Is the Third Way at a Dead End? ''Cato Institute''.|accessdate=2007-07-07}}</ref> It has also been heavily criticized by many [[social democrats]] and [[democratic socialists]] in particular as a betrayal of left-wing values.
It is not to be confused with the [[Third Position]].
==Origins==
{{Social democracy}}
The term ''Third Way'' has been used to explain a variety of political policies and ideology in the last few centuries. The term itself extends back at least a century, to when [[Pope Pius XI]] called for a Third Way between [[Socialism]] and [[Capitalism]] at the end of the 1800s.<ref>[http://www.netnexus.org/library/papers/3way.html#history Third Way Debate Summary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> These ideas were implemented by both [[progressives]] and [[fascists]] in the early 20th Century.<ref>[http://72.14.209.104/search?q=cache:cs-AGTnAUR0J:www.utas.edu.au/government/APSA/KMcCrackenfinal.pdf&hl=en&gl=uk&ct=clnk&cd=1 University of Texas, Third Way]</ref> The Third Way philosophy was extended in the 1950s by German [[Ordoliberalism|ordoliberal]] economists such as [[Wilhelm Röpke]], resulting in the development of the concept of the [[social market economy]]. Most significantly, [[Harold Macmillan]], British Prime Minister from 1957 to 1963, based his philosophy of government on what he entitled in a book, ''[[The Middle Way]]'' (1938).
==Modern usage==
[[Image:Anthony Giddes at the Progressive Governance Converence, Budapest, Hungary, 2004 october.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Anthony Giddens, pictured, is a key proponent of Third Way theory]]
The term was later used by politicians in the 1990s who wished to incorporate [[Margaret Thatcher]] and [[Ronald Reagan]]'s projects of economic deregulation, privatization, and [[globalization]] into the mainstream [[centre-left]] political parties (following the [[History of socialism#Contemporary socialism|crisis of socialism]] after the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]]).
In the last decade the Third Way can be defined as:
{{Quotation|''"something different and distinct from liberal capitalism with its unswerving belief in the merits of the free market and democratic socialism with its demand management and obsession with the state. The Third Way is in favour of growth, entrepreneurship, enterprise and wealth creation but it is also in favour of greater social justice and it sees the state playing a major role in bringing this about. So in the words of... Anthony Giddens of the [[London School of Economics|LSE]] the Third Way rejects top down socialism as it rejects traditional neo liberalism."''|Report from the BBC, 1999<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/458626.stm What is the Third Way? BBC, 1999]</ref>}}
A leading defender of the spread of Third Way influence in modern democracies has been British sociologist [[Anthony Giddens]]. Giddens regularly expounds on Third Way philosophy through contributions to progressive policy think tank [[Policy Network]].
==Examples==
===Australia===
Under the [[centre-left]] [[Australian Labor Party]] from 1983 to 1996, the [[Bob Hawke]] and [[Paul Keating]] governments pursued many economic policies associated with [[economic rationalism]], such as [[Floating currency|floating]] the [[Australian Dollar]] in 1983, reductions in trade [[tariff]]s, taxation reforms, changing from centralised wage-fixing to [[Enterprise Bargaining Agreement|enterprise bargaining]], the privatisation of [[Qantas]] and [[Commonwealth Bank]], and deregulating the banking system. Keating also proposed a [[Goods and Services Tax (Australia)|GST]] in 1985, however due to its unpopularity amongst Labor as well as the electorate, was scrapped. The party also desisted from other reforms, such as wholesale labour market deregulation (eg [[WorkChoices]]), the eventual [[Goods and Services Tax (Australia)|GST]], the privatisation of [[Telstra]] and [[welfare reform]] including "[[work for the dole]]", which [[John Howard]] and the [[Liberal Party of Australia]] were to initiate after winning office in 1996.
Various ideological beliefs were factionalised under reforms to the ALP under [[Gough Whitlam]], resulting in what is now known as the [[Socialist Left]] who tend to favour a more interventionist economic policy and more socially progressive ideals, and [[Labor Right]], the now dominant faction that tends to be more economically liberal and focus to a lesser extent on social issues. The Whitlam government was first to use the term [[economic rationalism]].<ref>[http://www.uq.edu.au/economics/johnquiggin/JournalArticles97/Econrat97.html John Quiggin - Journal Articles 1997 - Economic rationalism<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The [[Gough Whitlam]] Labor government from 1972 to 1975 changed from a [[democratic socialism]] platform to [[social democracy]], their precursor to the party's "Third Way" policies. Under the Whitlam government, [[tariff]]s across the board were cut by 25 percent after 23 years of Labor being in opposition.<ref>[http://www.whitlam.org/collection/1973/19730718_Tariff_Reduction/ The Whitlam Institute: The Whitlam Collection: Tariff Reduction<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Labor Prime Minister [[Kevin Rudd]]'s first speech to parliament in 1998 stated: <blockquote>Competitive markets are massive and generally efficient generators of economic wealth. They must therefore have a central place in the management of the economy. But markets sometimes fail, requiring direct government intervention through instruments such as industry policy. There are also areas where the public good dictates that there should be no market at all.
We are not afraid of a vision in the Labor Party, but nor are we afraid of doing the hard policy yards necessary to turn that vision into reality. Parties of the Centre Left around the world are wrestling with a similar challenge—the creation of a competitive economy while advancing the overriding imperative of a just society. Some call this the `third way'. The nomenclature is unimportant. What is important is that it is a repudiation of Thatcherism and its Australian derivatives represented opposite. It is in fact a new formulation of the nation's economic and social imperatives.<ref>{{cite web
| first=Kevin
| last=Rudd
| title = First Speech to Parliament
| publisher = ''[[Parliament of Australia]]''
| date= [[11 November]] [[1998]]
| url =http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/firstspeech.asp?id=83T
| accessdate =2006-12-09}}</ref></blockquote> Rudd is critical of free market economists such as [[Friedrich Hayek]],<ref>{{cite web
| first=Kevin
| last=Rudd
| title = What's Wrong with the Right
| date= [[16 November]] [[2006]]
| url =http://www.kevinrudd.com/_dbase_upl/061116%20CIS.pdf
| accessdate =2006-12-09}}; {{cite web
| first=Peter
| last=Hartcher
| title = Howard's warriors sweep all before them
| publisher = ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]''
| date= [[14 October]] [[2006]]
| url =http://www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/howards-warriors-sweep-all-before-them/2006/10/13/1160246325222.html?page=fullpage
| accessdate =2006-12-04 }}</ref> although Rudd describes himself as "basically a conservative when it comes to questions of public financial management", pointing to his slashing of public service jobs as a Queensland governmental advisor.<ref>{{cite web
| title = New Labor Leader Outlines Plan
| publisher = ''[[The 7.30 Report]]''
| date= [[4 December]] [[2006]]
| url =http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2006/s1804034.htm?page=fullpage
| accessdate =2006-12-05 }}; {{cite web
| title = Labor elects new leader
| publisher = ''[[The 7.30 Report]]''
| date= [[4 December]] [[2006]]
| url =http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2006/s1804032.htm?page=fullpage
| accessdate =2006-12-05 }}</ref>
===United Kingdom===
Former Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] of the [[United Kingdom]] is cited as a Third Way politician.<ref>[http://www.third-way.info/blairclinton.html www.third-way.info is coming soon!<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/leaders/story/0,6903,1478980,00.html Leader: Blair's new third way | Politics | The Observer<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> According to a former [[Tony Blair]] staff member, [[UK Labour]] and Blair learnt from, and owe a debt to the Australian [[Bob Hawke]] government in the 1980s on how to govern as a 'third way' party when they took power in the 1990s.<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/how-the-british-came-saw-and-helped-rudd/2007/12/16/1197740090746.html?page=2 How the British came, saw and helped Rudd - National - theage.com.au<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Blair is a particular follower of the ideas of [[Anthony Giddens]] <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/298465.stm BBC News | UK Politics | All aboard the Third Way<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, as is current UK Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]].
[[Harold Macmillan]]'s book ''The Middle Way'', first published in 1938, is also written from broadly this centrist position.
===United States===
In the [[United States]], Third Way adherents emphasize [[fiscal conservatism]], some replacement of [[welfare (financial aid)|welfare]] with [[workfare]], and a stronger preference for market solutions to traditional problems (as in [[pollution market]]s), while rejecting pure laissez-faire economics and other [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] positions. The Third Way style of governing was firmly adopted and partly redefined during the [[Clinton Administration|Administration]] of President [[Bill Clinton]].<ref>The Survivor:Bill Clinton in the White House, John F Harris, Random House, 2005</ref>
After [[Tony Blair]] came to power in the [[UK]], Clinton, Blair and other leading Third Way adherents organized conferences to promote the Third Way in 1997 at [[Chequers]] in [[England]].<ref>The Clinton Wars, Sidney Blumenthal, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/771608.stm BBC News | EUROPE | 'Third Way' gets world hearing<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The [[Democratic Leadership Council]] are adherents of Third Way politics.<ref>[http://www.ndol.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=128&subid=187&contentid=895 DLC: About The Third Way<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
In 2004, several veteran U.S. Democrats founded a new Washington, DC organization entitled [[Third Way]], which bills itself as a "strategy center for progressives."<ref>[http://www.third-way.com/ Third Way:<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[John Kerry]] of 2004 U.S. Democrats Presidential candidate is also considered to be third way politician{{Fact|date=April 2008}}, as is 2008 U.S. Democratic candidate [[Hillary Clinton]].<ref>[http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID=%7BBB3F7027-35CA-4777-8C3D-77B1494E4565%7D FrontPage Magazine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
===Canada===
In Canada following the election of [[Jean Chrétien]] and the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] in 1993 the new government became focused on debt and deficit reduction, leading to a fiscally conservative agenda cutting billions of dollars from provincial transfer payments and other areas of government funding. The Liberals managed to eliminate a 42 billion dollar deficit and pay down 36 billion dollars in debt. However, these steep funding cuts led to a massive decline in the quality of healthcare services, a lack of resources for the Canadian military, and charges by the provinces and municipalities of federal downloading.
Unlike previous Liberal governments in the late 20th century, the Chretien government pursued corporate tax cuts and the expansion of "free trade", leading to the negotiation of [[NAFTA]] in 1994. As of 2007 the Liberal Party of Canada still advocates a [[social liberal]] agenda based on [[balanced budgets]], support for [[globalization]] and fiscal "moderation".
Canada's largest [[leftwing]] party, the [[New Democratic Party]] has also experimented with the so called "Third Way" at various times. During the government of [[Roy Romanow]] in the province of [[Saskatchewan]] from 1991–2003 the [[Saskatchewan NDP]] broke with its socialist past and followed a very conservative agenda with the goal of reducing the province's debt. This was characterized by a program of hospital closures, program cuts and privatization. Romanow would later claim to be a "disciple" of the "Third Way" ideology of [[Tony Blair]].
The Province of [[Ontario|Ontario's]] only NDP premier [[Bob Rae]] also followed a very fiscally conservative agenda during his government (1990-1995). Ontario was experiencing its worst recession since the [[Great Depression]] when Bob Rae was elected into office. After 1991 the government introduced budget cutbacks, reopened collective bargaining agreements with the public sector unions (the "[[Social Contract]]") and put a cap on enrollment into medical schools.<ref>[http://www.queensjournal.ca/story/2000-09-08/news/province-gives-med-schools-boost-more-spaces-and-f/ Schools social contact, Canada.]</ref>
The Social Contract which imposed a wage freeze on public sector workers and forced them to take ten days off per year without pay ([[Rae Days]]) led to a split between the [[Ontario NDP]] and their historic allies, the labour unions (the [[Ontario Public Service Employees Union]] and the [[Canadian Auto Workers]]).<ref>[http://labourhistory.net/news/i0408_5.php Labour History in Canada]</ref>
Bob Rae also failed to deliver on one of his key campaign promises of introducing [[vehicle insurance|public auto insurance]] drawing intense criticism from the leftwing of his own party. In 1995 the NDP went down to an historic defeat at the hands of the province's [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|Progressive Conservatives]] led by [[Mike Harris]]. In spite of the improving electoral fortunates of the federal NDP in the province of Ontario, the Ontario NDP has yet to make any significant gains. In 2002 Bob Rae wrote a piece to one of Canada's most [[rightwing]] newspapers, the [[National Post]] entitled "Parting Company with the NDP" where he criticized the party for rejecting the "third way" of Tony Blair and opposing [[globalization]]. The Ontario NDP has also thoroughly washed its hands of Bob Rae and recommitted itself to [[social democracy]], with leader [[Howard Hampton]] citing the policies of the [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|Swedish Social Democrats]] as reflecting his own beliefs. In 2006 Bob Rae joined the Liberal Party of Canada and ran for the party's leadership, coming in third. He has announced however that he will run as a Liberal in the [[40th Canadian federal election|next federal election]].
After declining fortunes in the early 1990s the federal [[New Democratic Party|NDP]] also followed a more [[centrist]] agenda under leader [[Alexa McDonough]] leading NDP members and supporters including [[CAW]] president [[Buzz Hargrove]] to call for her resignation. After two modest election results the NDP chose [[Jack Layton]] as its leader in 2003.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/features/ndp_leadership/ NDP Leadershup, CBC News]</ref> Layton vowed never to move the NDP into the "mushy middle". As of the [[Canadian federal election, 2006|2006 election]] the NDP won 29 seats and 17.5% of the popular vote (their highest number of votes since 1988). This has been largely at the expense of the Liberals.
===Other===
Other leaders who have adopted elements of the Third Way style of governance include [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]] of [[Brazil]], [[Marianne Jelved]] of [[Denmark]], [[François Bayrou]] of [[France]], [[Gerhard Schröder]] of [[Germany]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/771608.stm BBC News | EUROPE | 'Third Way' gets world hearing<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Ferenc Gyurcsány]] of [[Hungary]], [[Wim Kok]] of [[the Netherlands]] and [[Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali]] of [[Pakistan]], whose book's preface was written by [[Anthony Giddens]].
==Criticism==
In the 1920s, [[Ludwig von Mises]], an [[Austrian School]] economist and classical liberal thinker, accused the "middle way" of mixing capitalism and socialism. In his book ''[[Liberalism (book)|Liberalism]]'' Mises wrote, "There is simply no other choice than this: either to abstain from interference in the free play of the market, or to delegate the entire management of production and distribution to the government. Either capitalism or socialism: there exists no middle way."<ref>Mises, Ludwig von [http://www.mises.org/liberal/ch2sec5.asp] ''[[Liberalism (book)|Liberalism]]'', 1927. (Source English translation, 1985.)</ref> Advocates of [[laissez-faire]] [[capitalism]] continue to be staunch opponents of a mixed economy, the "third way." In 1990, after the fall of his country's communist government, Czechoslovakia's finance minister, [[Václav Klaus]], declared, "We want a market economy without any adjectives. Any compromises with that will only fuzzy up the problems we have. To pursue a so-called Third Way is foolish. We had our experience with this in the 1960s when we looked for a socialism with a human face. It did not work, and we must be explicit that we are not aiming for a more efficient version of a system that has failed. The market is indivisible; it cannot be an instrument the hands of central planners."<ref>[http://www.reason.com/news/show/34729.html No Third Way Out: Creating A Capitalist Czechoslovakia] ''Reason'', June 1990. Accessed April 22, 2007.</ref> More recently, a critic of capitalist-socialist hybridization wrote, "Third-Way economics is merely another political trial balloon. The politicians are still simply trying to twist fattened, round socialism into a lean, square, free-market hole, mainly to solicit our vote."<ref>Delay, Katy Harwood. [http://mm.mises.org/fullstory.aspx?Id=1585 ''The return of the Third Way'']. [[Ludwig von Mises Institute]]. Accessed April 22, 2007.</ref>
Third way is sometimes described as an idea of former [[social democracy|social-democrat]]s which replaces [[socialism]] with capitalism and a minimum of socialism, and a strategy to bring the social-democratic parties back to power where they have lost elections. For example, [[Slavoj Zizek]] argues that the notion of the Third Way emerged as the only alternative to the victorious global capitalism and its notion of [[liberal democracy]] when the [[Second World|Second Way]] crumbled.<ref>Slavoj Zizek, ''[http://www.lrb.co.uk/v21/n21/zize01_.html Attempts to Escape the Logic of Capitalism]''</ref> Critics argue that third way politicians are in favour of ideas and policies that ultimately serve the interests of corporate power and the wealthy at the expense of the working class and the poor. Some also classify the Third Way as [[neosocialism]] or "[[neoliberalism]] with a social touch".<ref>[http://www.ejpd.admin.ch/ejpd/en/home/dokumentation/red/2006/2006-05-18.html Neosocialism versus Neoliberalism?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n16_v49/ai_19722907/print National Review: Reinventing socialism: the triumph of neosocialism is the defining characteristic of politics today<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
In many western nations where social democratic or "socialist" parties have adopted centrist or third way policies or have been seen by some as doing so, many new leftwing parties have been able to attract voters disillusioned with the traditional left. These include [[The Left (Germany)|The Left Party of Germany]] (formerly the [[The Left Party.PDS|Party of Democratic Socialism]]), the [[Left Party of Sweden]], the [[Socialist Party of Ireland]] and [[Sinn Fein]], The [[Respect Party]] of the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Scottish Socialist Party]], the [[Citizen and Republican Movement]] and the [[French Communist Party|Communist Party]] of [[France]] and the [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] of [[Spain]] to name a few.
[[Charles Clarke]], a former UK home secretary and the first senior "Blairite" to attack UK Prime Minister Brown openly and in print, stated "We should discard the techniques of 'triangulation' and 'dividing lines' with the Conservatives, which lead to the not entirely unjustified charge that we simply follow proposals from the Conservatives or the right-wing media, to minimise differences and remove lines of attack against us."<ref>http://www.theage.com.au/text/articles/2008/05/07/1210131068738.html</ref>
==See also==
*[[Argument to moderation]]
*[[Centrism]]
*[[Centrist Party (United States)]]
*[[Clintonian triangulation]]
*[[Corporatism]]
*[[Democratic Leadership Council]]
*[[History of Socialism]]
*[[New Labour]]
*[[Peronism]]
*[[Radical middle]]
*[[Social Liberalism]]
*[[Social Democracy]]
{{ideology-small}}
== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}
== External links ==
* ''The Third Way'' by Anthony Giddens (ISBN 0-7456-2267-4), followed by ''The Third Way And Its Critics'' (ISBN 0-7456-2450-2)
* [http://www.netnexus.org/library/papers/3way.html NEXUS Third Way Debate Summary]
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,988388,00.html Why Tony is not a guitar-wielding fascist <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> dictator]; ''[[The Guardian]]'', [[July 1]], [[2003]]—about [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]] and Blair.
* [http://www.third-way.com Third Way] a strategy center for U.S. progressives
* [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Third_Way_Foundation Sourcewatch.org entry on the Third Way Foundation]
* [http://www.thirdway.org/files/articles/blairs.html The Third Way - an Answer to Blair] by Patrick Harrington
* [http://www.policy-network.net Official website of Policy Network]
* [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Users/ssfa2/leftrightandthethirdway.pdf 'Left, Right and the Third Way'] - on the third way's mix of left and right.
* [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Users/ssfa2/third%20way%20and%20beyond.html The Third Way and Beyond: Criticisms, Futures, Alternatives] book looks at criticism of the third way.
* [http://thirdwaycenter.blogspot.com/ thirdwaycenter] -- "Third Way" blog & [http://www.zimbio.com/Third+Way Third Way Wikizine] -- selections from the blog, related content
===Criticism===
*[http://www.mises.org/story/338 No Third Way]
*[http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=4173 Is the Third Way at a Dead End?]
*[http://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?issueID=22&articleID=267 The So-Called Third Way]
*[http://www.socialdemocrats.org/europenewway-heritage-5-11-99.html Europe's "New" Third Way]
*[http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/1099third2.htm 21st century democracy and the Third Way]
[[Category:Political philosophy]]
[[Category:Social democracy]]
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