Tibia 244517 223642242 2008-07-05T01:14:52Z Blanchardb 5311630 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/81.158.135.79|81.158.135.79]] to last version by BOTarate (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]]) {{otheruses1|the [[vertebrate]] bone}} {{Infobox Bone | Name = Tibia | Latin = | GraySubject = 61 | GrayPage = 256 | Image = Gray260.png| Caption = Plan of ossification of the tibia. From three centers. | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Origins = | Insertions = | Articulations = | MeshName = Tibia | MeshNumber = A02.835.232.043.650.883 | }} The '''tibia''', '''shinbone''', or '''shankbone''' is the larger and stronger of the two [[bone]]s in the [[leg]] below the [[knee]] in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones. ==In humans== The tibia is found medial and anterior to the [[fibula]]. It is the second-longest bone in the human body, the largest being the [[femur]]. The tibia articulates with the [[femur]] and [[patella]] superiorly, the [[fibula]] laterally and with the [[talus_bone|talus]] inferiorly. ===Gender differences=== In the male, its direction is vertical, and parallel with the bone of the opposite side. In the female, it has a slightly oblique direction downward and lateralward, to compensate for the greater obliquity of the femur. === Structure === It is prismoid in form, expanded above, where it enters into the knee-joint, contracted in the lower third, and again enlarged but to a lesser extent below. The [[superior tibiofibular articulation]] is an [[arthrodial]] [[joint]] between the [[lateral condyle]] of the tibia and the head of the [[fibula]]. The [[inferior tibiofibular articulation]] ([[tibiofibular syndesmosis]]) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the [[fibula]], and a rough concave surface on the later side of the tibia. The tibia is connected to the fibula by an [[interosseous membrane]], forming a type of joint called a [[syndesmoses]]. === Blood supply === The tibia derives its arterial blood supply from two sources:<ref>{{cite journal |author=NELSON G, KELLY P, PETERSON L, JANES J |title=Blood supply of the human tibia |journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am |volume=42-A |issue= |pages=625–36 |year= |pmid=13854090}}</ref> # the [[nutrient artery]] ''(main source)'' # periosteal vessels derived from the [[anterior tibial artery]] ==Additional images== <gallery> Image:Illu lower extremity.jpg|Lower extremity Image:Knee diagram.png|Knee diagram Image:Gray258.png|Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface. Image:Gray259.png|Bones of the right leg. [[Anatomical terms of location#Directions: human anatomy|Posterior]] surface. Image:Gray346.png|Right knee-joint. Posterior view. Image:Gray347.png|Right knee-joint, from the front, showing interior ligaments. Image:Gray348.png|Left knee-joint from behind, showing interior ligaments. Image:Gray350.png|Sagittal section of right knee-joint. Image:Gray351.png|Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Lateral aspect. Image:Gray352.png|Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Posterior aspect. Image:Gray356.png|Capsule of left articulation (distended). Lateral aspect. Image:Gray357.png|Coronal section through right talocrural and talocalcaneal joints. Image:Gray360.png|Oblique section of left intertarsal and tarsometatarsal articulations, showing the synovial cavities. Image:Gray440_color.png|Cross-section through middle of leg. </gallery> == See also == *[[Bone#Terminology|Bone terminology]] *[[Terms for anatomical location]] *[[Ossification of tibia]] *[[Upper extremity of tibia]] *[[Body of tibia]] *[[Lower extremity of tibia]] *[[Shin Splints]] == External links == * [http://www.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/surgeryskully Tibial fractures] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Gray's}} {{Bones of lower extremity}} [[Category:Bones of pelvic limb]] [[Category:Long bones]] {{anatomy-stub}} [[ca:Tíbia]] [[cs:Holenní kost]] [[de:Schienbein]] [[es:Tibia]] [[eo:Tibio]] [[fr:Tibia (os)]] [[hr:Goljenična kost]] [[it:Osso tibiale]] [[he:שוקה]] [[la:Tibia (os)]] [[lt:Blauzdikaulis]] [[nl:Scheenbeen]] [[ja:脛骨]] [[no:Tibia]] [[nn:Tibia]] [[pl:Kość piszczelowa]] [[pt:Tíbia]] [[simple:Tibia]] [[sl:Golenica]] [[fi:Sääriluu]] [[sv:Skenben]] [[tl:Lulod]] [[te:అంతర్జంఘిక]] [[th:กระดูกแข้ง]] [[uk:Великогомілкова кістка]]