Tibia
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223642242
2008-07-05T01:14:52Z
Blanchardb
5311630
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/81.158.135.79|81.158.135.79]] to last version by BOTarate (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]])
{{otheruses1|the [[vertebrate]] bone}}
{{Infobox Bone |
Name = Tibia |
Latin = |
GraySubject = 61 |
GrayPage = 256 |
Image = Gray260.png|
Caption = Plan of ossification of the tibia. From three centers. |
Image2 = |
Caption2 = |
Origins = |
Insertions = |
Articulations = |
MeshName = Tibia |
MeshNumber = A02.835.232.043.650.883 |
}}
The '''tibia''', '''shinbone''', or '''shankbone''' is the larger and stronger of the two [[bone]]s in the [[leg]] below the [[knee]] in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones.
==In humans==
The tibia is found medial and anterior to the [[fibula]]. It is the second-longest bone in the human body, the largest being the [[femur]]. The tibia articulates with the [[femur]] and [[patella]] superiorly, the [[fibula]] laterally and with the [[talus_bone|talus]] inferiorly.
===Gender differences===
In the male, its direction is vertical, and parallel with the bone of the opposite side. In the female, it has a slightly oblique direction downward and lateralward, to compensate for the greater obliquity of the femur.
=== Structure ===
It is prismoid in form, expanded above, where it enters into the knee-joint, contracted in the lower third, and again enlarged but to a lesser extent below.
The [[superior tibiofibular articulation]] is an [[arthrodial]] [[joint]] between the [[lateral condyle]] of the tibia and the head of the [[fibula]].
The [[inferior tibiofibular articulation]] ([[tibiofibular syndesmosis]]) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the [[fibula]], and a rough concave surface on the later side of the tibia.
The tibia is connected to the fibula by an [[interosseous membrane]], forming a type of joint called a [[syndesmoses]].
=== Blood supply ===
The tibia derives its arterial blood supply from two sources:<ref>{{cite journal |author=NELSON G, KELLY P, PETERSON L, JANES J |title=Blood supply of the human tibia |journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am |volume=42-A |issue= |pages=625–36 |year= |pmid=13854090}}</ref>
# the [[nutrient artery]] ''(main source)''
# periosteal vessels derived from the [[anterior tibial artery]]
==Additional images==
<gallery>
Image:Illu lower extremity.jpg|Lower extremity
Image:Knee diagram.png|Knee diagram
Image:Gray258.png|Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface.
Image:Gray259.png|Bones of the right leg. [[Anatomical terms of location#Directions: human anatomy|Posterior]] surface.
Image:Gray346.png|Right knee-joint. Posterior view.
Image:Gray347.png|Right knee-joint, from the front, showing interior ligaments.
Image:Gray348.png|Left knee-joint from behind, showing interior ligaments.
Image:Gray350.png|Sagittal section of right knee-joint.
Image:Gray351.png|Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Lateral aspect.
Image:Gray352.png|Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Posterior aspect.
Image:Gray356.png|Capsule of left articulation (distended). Lateral aspect.
Image:Gray357.png|Coronal section through right talocrural and talocalcaneal joints.
Image:Gray360.png|Oblique section of left intertarsal and tarsometatarsal articulations, showing the synovial cavities.
Image:Gray440_color.png|Cross-section through middle of leg.
</gallery>
== See also ==
*[[Bone#Terminology|Bone terminology]]
*[[Terms for anatomical location]]
*[[Ossification of tibia]]
*[[Upper extremity of tibia]]
*[[Body of tibia]]
*[[Lower extremity of tibia]]
*[[Shin Splints]]
== External links ==
* [http://www.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/surgeryskully Tibial fractures]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Gray's}}
{{Bones of lower extremity}}
[[Category:Bones of pelvic limb]]
[[Category:Long bones]]
{{anatomy-stub}}
[[ca:Tíbia]]
[[cs:Holenní kost]]
[[de:Schienbein]]
[[es:Tibia]]
[[eo:Tibio]]
[[fr:Tibia (os)]]
[[hr:Goljenična kost]]
[[it:Osso tibiale]]
[[he:שוקה]]
[[la:Tibia (os)]]
[[lt:Blauzdikaulis]]
[[nl:Scheenbeen]]
[[ja:脛骨]]
[[no:Tibia]]
[[nn:Tibia]]
[[pl:Kość piszczelowa]]
[[pt:Tíbia]]
[[simple:Tibia]]
[[sl:Golenica]]
[[fi:Sääriluu]]
[[sv:Skenben]]
[[tl:Lulod]]
[[te:అంతర్జంఘిక]]
[[th:กระดูกแข้ง]]
[[uk:Великогомілкова кістка]]