Tilia cordata
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2008-06-24T18:53:01Z
AndersBot
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robot Adding: [[lv:Parastā liepa]]
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Tilia cordata''
| image = Tilia-cordata2.JPG
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Tilia cordata'' leaves and flowers
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Malvales]]
| familia = [[Tiliaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Tilia]]''
| species = '''''T. cordata'''''
| binomial = ''Tilia cordata''
| binomial_authority = [[Philip Miller|Mill.]]
}}
'''''Tilia cordata''''' ('''Small-leaved Lime''', occasionally Small-leaved Linden) is a species of ''[[Tilia]]'' native to much of [[Europe]] and western [[Asia]], north to southern [[Great Britain]] (north to about [[Durham]]), central [[Scandinavia]], east to central [[Russia]], and south to central [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Bulgaria]] and the [[Caucasus]]; in the south of its range it is restricted to high altitudes.<ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref><ref name=dvf>Den Virtuella Floran: [http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/tilia/tilia/tilicor.html ''Tilia cordata'' (in Swedish; with maps]</ref>
It is a [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to 20-38 m tall, with a trunk up to 1-2 m diameter. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternately arranged, rounded to triangular-ovate, 3-8 cm long and broad, mostly hairless (unlike the related ''[[Tilia platyphyllos]]'') except for small tufts of brown hair in the leaf vein axils. The small yellow-green [[plant sexuality|hermaphrodite]] [[flower]]s are produced in clusters of five to eleven in early summer with a leafy yellow-green subtending [[bract]], have a rich, heavy scent; the trees are much visited by [[bee]]s. The [[fruit]] is a dry nut-like [[drupe]] 6–7 mm long and 4 mm broad, downy at first becoming smooth at maturity, and (unlike ''T. platyphyllos'') not ribbed.<ref name=rushforth/><ref name=fnwe>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2132 ''Tilia cordata'']</ref>
It readily [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridises]] with ''[[Tilia platyphyllos]]''; the hybrid is named ''[[Tilia × europaea]]'' (syn. ''T. × vulgaris'').<ref name=rushforth/><ref name=fnwe1>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2131 ''Tilia vulgaris'']</ref>
==Cultivation and uses==
It is the [[national symbol|national tree]] of the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Republic of Slovakia]].
''Tilia cordata'' is widely grown as an [[ornamental tree]] throughout its native range in Europe. It was much planted to form [[avenue (landscape)|avenue]]s in 17th and early 18th century landscape planning. A famous example is [[Unter den Linden]] in [[Berlin]].
It is also widely cultivated in [[North America]] as a substitute for the native ''[[Tilia americana]]'' (Basswood or American Linden) which has a larger leaf, coarser in texture; there it has been renamed "Little-leaf Linden".
In countries of Central Europe, linden flowers are a traditional herbal remedy (linden flower tea), considered to be of value as an anti-inflammatory in range of respiratory problems: colds, fever, [[flu]], sore throat, [[Acute bronchitis|bronchitis]], cough and others<ref>[Flora
Herb & Supplement Encyclopedia http://www.florahealth.com/flora/home/Canada/HealthInformation/Encyclopedias/LindenFlos.htm]</ref>.
A valuable monofloral [[honey]] is produced by bees using the trees. The young leaves can be eaten as a salad vegetable.<ref>Vernon, J. (2007). Fruits of the forest. ''The Garden'' November 2007: 738. Royal Horticultural Society.</ref>
The white, finely-grained [[wood]] is a classic choice for refined woodcarvings such as those by [[Grinling Gibbons]] or several prominent [[Altar of Veit Stoss|medieval altars]].
==References==
{{commons|Tilia cordata}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Malvaceae]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Flora of Estonia]]
[[Category:Flora of the United Kingdom]]
[[cs:Lípa malolistá]]
[[da:Småbladet Lind]]
[[de:Winter-Linde]]
[[et:Harilik pärn]]
[[es:Tilia cordata]]
[[fa:نمدار برگریز]]
[[fr:Tilleul à petites feuilles]]
[[it:Tilia cordata]]
[[lv:Parastā liepa]]
[[lb:Wanterlann]]
[[lt:Mažalapė liepa]]
[[nl:Kleinbladige linde]]
[[no:Lind]]
[[nn:Lind]]
[[pl:Lipa drobnolistna]]
[[ro:Tei pucios]]
[[fi:Metsälehmus]]
[[sv:Lind]]
[[uk:Липа серцелиста]]
[[bat-smg:Lėipa (augals)]]
[[zh:小叶椴]]