Timeline of Chilean history 4474669 220520405 2008-06-20T07:17:08Z Tabletop 173687 Spell sorround => surround __NOTOC__ This is a '''timeline of [[Chile]]an history'''. To read about the background to these events, see [[History of Chile]]. See also the [[Royal Governor of Chile|list of governors]] and [[List of presidents of Chile|presidents of Chile]]. ''This timeline is '''incomplete'''; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.'' <div class="toc"> [[#15th century|15th]] - [[#16th century|16th]] - [[#17th century|17th]] - [[#18th century|18th]] - [[#19th century|19th]] - [[#20th century|20th]] - [[#21st century|21st]]</div> == 15th century == {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event |- | || || The [[Inca]] Emperor [[Tupac Inca Yupanqui|Túpac Yupanqui]] reached [[Itata River]], where he met [[Mapuche]] resistance in the [[Battle of the Maule]]. All of Chile north of [[Maule River]] remains under the [[Inca Empire]]. |- | [[1492]] || || [[Christopher Columbus]] discovers America, and claims it to the [[Kingdom of Castile]]. |} == 16th century == {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event |- | [[1510]] || || [[Vasco Ñúñez de Balboa]] founds [[Santa María la Antigua del Darién]] in [[Panamá]], the first Spanish settlement in South America. |- | [[1513]] || || Ñuñez de Balboa discovers the ''Southern Sea'' ([[Pacific Ocean]]). |- | [[1520]] || || [[Ferdinand Magellan]] is passing<nowiki></nowiki> through the [[Straits of Magellan]], and becomes the first European to describe [[Patagonia]]. |- | [[1532]] || || [[Francisco Pizarro]] arrives to [[Peru]] from Panamá. He begins the Conquest of the [[Inca Empire]] and captures Emperor [[Atahualpa]] during the [[Battle of Cajamarca]]. |- | [[1536]] || || [[Diego de Almagro]] arrives to Chile from [[Peru]], passing over the [[Andes]] to the valley of [[Copiapó]], and explores the central region of Chile as far as what will later become [[Santiago de Chile]]. An expedition sent southwards ends in the [[Battle of Reynogüelén]] with native [[mapuche]]s, which is considered to be the first battle of the [[Arauco War]]. |- | [[1541]] || || [[Pedro de Valdivia]] founds Santiago de Chile. In the following years, he (and others sent by him) founded [[La Serena, Chile|La Serena]] and [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]]. |- | [[1546]] || || Uprising of [[Michimalonco]], [[Mapuche]] chief: Santiago destroyed. Mapuche military leader [[Lautaro]] is captured by the Spanish. |- | [[1552]] || || Founding of [[Valdivia, Chile|Valdivia]]. Lautaro, after six years of imprisonment by the Spanish, escape and teaches his people military strategy, including riding horses. |- | [[1553]] || || Mapuche uprising under Lautaro. <!--is this the [[War of Arauco]]? -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] 06:22, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC) --> Pedro de Valdivia is killed in the [[Disaster of Tucapel]]. |- | [[1557]] || || Death of Lautaro, [[Caupolicán]] assumes as [[toqui]] (wartime chief). |- | [[1558]] || || Caupolicán is captured and executed by [[impalement]]. |- | [[1564]] || || [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] is unsuccessfully sieged by native [[Mapuche]]s. |- | [[1565]] || || A [[Real Audiencia]] is established in [[concepción, Chile|Concepción]]. The Audiencia is abolished in 1575. |- | [[1567]] || || [[Chiloé Island]] is claimed by Spain. [[Castro, Chile|Castro]] is founded on the island. The island becames the southernmost European settlement by the time of the annexation. |- | [[1574]] || || Spanish captain [[Juan Fernández]] discovers the [[Juan Fernández Islands]]. |- | [[1575]] || || The [[1575 Valdivia earthquake]] occurs. As in the [[1960 Valdivia earthquake]] the [[Riñihuazo|Riñihue Lake dams]]. |- | [[1578]] || || [[Francis Drake]] attacks the coasts of Chile, [[La Serena]] and other cities are plundered. |- | [[1583]] || || [[Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa]] founds the settlement [[Port Famine|Rey Don Felipe]] in the [[Strait of Magellan]]. In 1587 the settlement is in ruins. |- | [[1598]] || || "[[Disaster of Curalaba]]". Governor [[Martín García Óñez de Loyola]] killed in a Mapuche ambush. |- | [[1599]] || || The Real Situado, an annual payment from [[Potosí]] to the [[Captaincy General of Chile]], is established. |} == 17th century == {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event |- | [[1602]] || || General uprising of the Mapuches under [[Pelantaro]]. All cities south of the [[Bío-Bío River]] are destroyed, in what is now called ''[[Destruction of the Seven Cities]]''. |- | [[1604]] || || A fort established in 1602 at the ruins of [[Valdivia, Chile|Valdivia]] is abandoned. |- | [[1608]] || || [[Jesuit]]s arrive to [[Chiloé]]. |- | [[1612]] || || Beginning of the ''Defencive War'' phase (promoted by Luis de Valdivia) in the Arauco War. |- | [[1619]] || || A second [[smallpox]] epidemy affects the indigenous population of Chile. The epidemy last until 1623. |- | [[1639]] || || The [[alcabala]] is reestablished after it had been suspended since the [[Disaster of Curalaba]] in 1598. |- | [[1643]] || || [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] occupation of [[Valdivia, Chile|Valdivia]]. |- | [[1645]] || || Repopulation of Valdivia and construction of the [[Valdivian Fort System]], Valdivia becomes part of Viceroyalty of Peru. |- | [[1647]] || || [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] is struck by an earthquake. |- | [[1655]] || || A general insurrection moves for some years the frontier between the Spaniards and the [[mapuche]]s from the [[Bío-Bío River]] north to the [[Maule River]]. |- | [[1664]] || || The Viceroalty of Peru estimates 30,000 to 42,000 Spaniards to have died in Chile of witch the halft would have died by the direct concequences of the Arauco War. |- | [[1667]] || || Governor Francisco de Meneses is destituted after accusations of immorality against him. |- | [[1672]] || || The [[jesuits]] established in [[Chiloé Island]] founds a mission in the [[Nahuel Huapi Lake]] that last until 1717. |- | [[1680]] || || [[Bartholomew Sharp]] destroy and pillages [[La Serena]] . |- | [[1681]] || || By royal decree, the [[Atacama]] desert is declared to be the border between the Captain-Generalship of Chile and the Viceroyalty of Peru. |- | [[1687]] || || Chilean [[wheat]] exports to [[Peru]] boost since Peru is affected by a mayor earthquake. |} == 18th century == {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event |- | [[1709]] || || [[Alexander Selkirk]], the inspiration for [[Daniel Defoe|Defoe's]] ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'', is rescued from the [[Robinson Crusoe Island]] in the [[Juan Fernández Archipelago]]. |- | [[1712]] || || A [[Huilliche]] rebellion occurs in [[Chiloé Island]]. |- | [[1722]] || || On 5 April that year [[Rapa Nui]] (Easter Island) is discovered by [[Netherlands|Dutch]] navigator [[Jacob Roggeveen]]. |- | [[1723]] || || After 30 years of peace the [[War of Arauco]] continues with a [[mapuche]] uprising. |- | [[1740]] || || [[Valdivia, Chile|Valdivia]] is reincorpored to the [[Captaincy General of Chile]]. |- | [[1749]] || || A fort and prison is established in [[Robinson Crusoe Island]] of [[Juan Fernández Archipelago]].<ref>[http://www.manuelromo.cl/Files/PRISI%D3N%20DE%20LOS%20PATRIOTAS%20CHILENOS%20EN%20JUAN%20FERN%C1NDEZ.pdf Prisión de los patriotas chilenos en Juan Fernández 1814-1817]</ref> |- | [[1751]] || || 1751 Concepción earthquake affects all of Chile between [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] and [[Talca]]. |- | [[1767]] || || The [[Spanish empire]] exiles all [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]]. [[Ancud, Chile|Ancud]] is founded. Chiloé becomes part of the Viceroyalty of Peru. |- | [[1770]] || || A expedition from Perú claims Easter Island for Spain. |- | [[1771]] || || The [[Fransiscan]] order assumes the religious functions of the Jesuits in [[Chiloé]]. |- | [[1776]] || || The territories of [[Tucumán]], previously governed as part of Chile, become part of the [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]]. (''See [[History of Argentina]].'') |- | [[1778]] || || Direct commerce between Chile and [[Spain]] is allowed. |- | [[1789]] || || Start of the [[French Revolution]], which affected Europe and the Americas with its ideals. |- | [[1792]] || || A [[Huilliche]] rebellion occurs in the surroundings of [[Río Bueno, Chile|Río Bueno]]. |- | [[1793]] || || The parlaments of ''[[Negrete]]'' and ''Las Canoas'' between Spanish and native Mapuche and Huilliche are celebrated. The native chiefs acepts the Spanish king as their [[de jure]] king, but their own independence is also confirmed. |- | [[1796]] || || [[Osorno, Chile|Osorno]] is officially re-populated after that works begun in 1792. The city had previously been destroyed by the indigenous mapuche in 1602. |} == 19th century == {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event |- | [[1808]] || || [[Francisco Antonio García Carrasco]], unpopular Governor of Chile. Spanish king [[Ferdinand VII]] is imprisoned by [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] during his invasion of Spain. |- | [[1810]] || || Imitating the ''juntista'' movement of the rest of [[Latin America]], the [[criollo]]s (people of Spanish ancestry, but not born in Spain) of Santiago de Chile proclaim a governing Junta. |- | [[1811]] || || Tired of being circumvented by political intrigues, [[José Miguel Carrera]] takes power by military means and initiates a [[dictatorship]]. |- | [[1812]] || || Hostilities begin between the ''moderados'', led by [[Bernardo O'Higgins]], and the ''exaltados'', led by Carrera. Carrera institutes the first Chilean national symbols (flag, coat of arms, and national anthem), and Fray [[Camilo Henríquez]] begins to publish the ''[[Aurora de Chile]]'', the first Chilean newspaper. The Chilean Constitution of 1812 comes into effect. Founding of the [[Logia Lautaro]]. |- | [[1813]] || || The Spanish send military expeditions (under [[Antonio Pareja]] and [[Gabino Gaínza]]) from the Viceroyalty of Peru. In the ensuing battles O'Higgins rises to be seen as a figure of great stature, overshadowing the continually less popular Carrera, who ultimately resigns. [[Francisco de la Lastra]] becomes Supreme Director. |- | [[1814]] || || The "[[Disaster of Rancagua]]". [[Mariano Osorio]], in command of a third Spanish expedition, defeats O'Higgins ([[October 1]] &ndash; [[October 2|2]]. Osorio reconquers Santiago for Spain. Exodus of Chilean patriots to [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]], [[Argentina]], where they receive the support of [[José de San Martín]]. Those patriots who remain in Chile are captured by the Spaniards are deported to the [[Juan Fernandez Islands]]. Osorio is confirmed Governor of Chile by the Viceroy Fernando de Abascal of Peru. The ''[[talavera]]s'', under the command of San Bruno, install a regime of terror extending to those merely suspected of sympathy for the Chilean cause. |- | [[1815]] || || [[guerrilla warfare|Guerrilla]] resistance against the Spanish begins, led by [[Manuel Rodríguez Erdoiza]], and other spies such as Justo Estay. Increasing enmity between Osorio and Abascal leads Abascal to replace Osorio with [[Casimiro Marcó del Pont]]. |- | [[1817]] || || [[Battle of Chacabuco]]. O'Higgins defeats [[Rafael Maroto]], reconquering Santiago. Captain San Bruno, hated chief of the ''talaveras'', is captured and &mdash; less than 24 hours later &mdash; executed by [[firing squad]]. O'Higgins becomes dictator. |- | [[1818]] || || O'Higgins signs the Chilean Declaration of Independence ([[February 12]]). Shortly afterwards, in the [[Battle of Maipú]], a new military expedition led by Mariano Osorio is defeated, and Chile definitively obtains independence ([[April 5]]). The rivalry between O'Higgins and Manuel Rodríguez ends with the ambush and assassination of the latter in [[Tiltil]]. The brothers Juan José and [[Luis Carrera]] are shot in Argentina, probably on the orders of O'Higgins or the Logia Lautaro. |- | [[1820]] || || [[Valdivia, Chile|Valdivia]] is '''[[capture of Valdivia|captured]]''' by [[Lord Thomas Cochrane]] who commands the [[Navy of Chile|chilean navy]]. |- | [[1821]] || || [[José Miguel Carrera]] arrested as a ''montonero'' (mounted rebel/bandit) in Argentina, and executed in Mendoza. |- | [[1822]] || || Military expedition to Peru. San Martín undertakes a prudent military campaign, enters Lima, but sees the impossibility of crushing the last Spanish redoubts, a job that is left for [[Simón Bolívar]] and [[Antonio José de Sucre]]. The Chilean Constitution of 1822 comes into effect. |- | [[1823]] || || [[Ramón Freire]] leads a military expedition from Concepción to Santiago and forces O'Higgins to resign. He goes into exile in Peru, where he dies in [[1842]]. Freire assumes power. |- | [[1825]] || || Taking advantage of the unsurveyed border, and ignoring the royal decree of 1681 and the principal ''[[uti possidetis]]'', Simón Bolívar grants the port of [[Cobija]] to Bolivia. This gives Bolivia an outlet to the sea between Chile and Peru, which it will retain until the [[War of the Pacific]]. |- | [[1826]] || || Freire incorporates [[Chiloé Island|Chiloé]], the last area under Spanish control, into Chile. Later he resigns, initiating an interregnum know as The Anarchy. First attempt in Chile of federal (as against centralized) government, led by the first president of Chile [[Manuel Blanco Encalada]], and the federalist [[José Miguel Infante]]. |- | [[1828]] || || [[Francisco Antonio Pinto]] assumes power after the resignation of Encalada and his predecessors. Chilean Constitution of 1828. |- | [[1829]] || || [[Chilean Revolution of 1829]]. After several battles, [[Joaquín Prieto]] defeats [[Ramón Freire]] in the Battle of Lircay. |- | [[1830]] || || [[Diego Portales]] begins to clandestinely remodel Chilean institutionality, converting it into an authoritarian republic. |- | [[1831]] || || [[José Joaquín Prieto]] becomes president of Chile. He will serve two consecutive five-year terms. With him, the so-called ''decenios'' (decade-long reigns) begin, which continue until [[1871]]. This 30-year [[Conservative Party (Chile)|Conservative Party]] hegemony is sometimes referred to as the Authoritarian Republic. |- | [[1832]] || || Discovery of mineral deposits in Chañarcillo, and the beginning of the rise of silver in what was then el Norte Chico and now constitutes the [[Atacama Region of Chile|Atacama]] and [[Coquimbo Region of Chile|Coquimbo]] [[regions of Chile]]). The mining fortunes constitute an important source of power in the following decades. |- | [[1833]] || || Chilean Constitution of 1833. "Portalian" &mdash; that is, inspired by Diego Portales &mdash; definitively fixed Chilean institutions. |- | [[1835]] || || On February 20, southern Chile was affected by the worst earthquake in the area in several decades, event witnessed by [[Charles Darwin]].<ref name="darwin">{{gutenberg|no=3704|name=The Voyage of the Beagle ''by Charles Darwin'}}</ref> |- | [[1836]] || || Mariano Egaña declares the war on the [[Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation]]. |- | [[1837]] || || Diego Portales is assassinated by mutinous soldiers in [[Quillota]]. A Chilean military expedition debarks in Perú, beginning the [[War of the Confederation]]. |- | [[1839]] || || [[Battle of Yungay]] and defeat of the Confederation. |- | [[1840]] || || [[Holy See|The Vatican]] acknowledges the Independence of Chile |- | [[1841]] || || [[Manuel Bulnes]], victorious marshal of the Battle of Yungay, elected president of Chile. |- | [[1842]] || || Important intellectual movement registered this year. A great number of teachers, thinkers, professors, and wise men arrive to the country <!-- "arrive to the country" makes no sense, nor is it a literal translation of meaningful Spanish, what does this mean to say? --> and establish societies. |- | [[1843]] || || [[University of Chile]] founded. It will become on of the country's two most prestigious university. along with the [[Catholic University of Chile]], which was founded years later. Fort Bulnes established, the first Chilean presence on the [[Strait of Magellan]]. |- | [[1844]] || || Spain recognizes the Independence of Chile |- | [[1848]] || || Founding of [[Punta Arenas]] in the Strait of Magellan |- | [[1851]] || || [[José María de la Cruz]] revolts in the southern provinces of Chile. Bulnes crushes the revolutionary attempt and signs the treaty of ''Purapel'' with the revolutionaries. [[Manuel Montt]] becomes the third of the ''decenal'' presidents. |- | [[1856]] || || The Dispute of Sacristán (''"Cuestión del Sacristán"''). An apparently trivial question of ecclesiastical discipline divides the Conservative Party into secular and ultra-Catholic factions, which lays the ground for their political defeat in the elections of [[1861]]. |- | [[1857]] || || The Civil Code of Chile comes into effect; it will become a model for Latin American legal codes down to the present day. |- | [[1859]] || || Chilean Revolution of 1859. [[Pedro León Gallo]], radical revolutionary of [[Copiapó]], and others are defeated by the government forces. However, as a consequence, [[Antonio Varas]] renounces to his candidature. |- | [[1861]] || || [[José Joaquín Pérez]] of the [[Liberal Party (Chile)|Liberal Party]] elected president. His party will retain power until the Chilean Revolution of 1891. |- | [[1863]] || || A [[France|French]] adventurer proclaims himself [[Orelie-Antoine de Tounens|Orélie Antoine I]], King of Araucanía. After a short time he is arrested by the Chileans and deported, but the incident meant the end of the Chilean preoccupation with occupying the remaining Mapuche, before some other power could do so and divide Chile in two. This intensification of activity is known as the [[Pacification of Araucanía]]. |- | [[1866]] || || Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia at war with Spain. The port of Valparaíso is bombed by the Spanish. A treaty of limits (borders) of 1866 is signed with Bolivia. |- | [[1871]] || || A constitutional reform prohibits re-election, resulting in the end of the ''decenios''. Governments of five years duration persist until [[1925]], except for the premature death of [[Pedro Montt]] in [[1910]]. |- | [[1874]] || || Another treaty of limits is signed with Bolivia due to political tensions. |- | [[1879]] || || In defense of the interests of the Chilean industrial oligarchy, Chilean soldiers occupy the Bolivian port of [[Antofagasta]], precipitating the [[War of the Pacific]] against Peru and Bolivia. The Chilean cause is adopted by the general populace after the death of Captain [[Arturo Prat]] in the [[Naval battle of Iquique]]. The same day, [[May 21]], Captain Carlos Condell sinks the powerful ''Independencia'', which together with the capture of the ''Huáscar'' in the [[Naval battle of Angamos]], eliminates Peruvian sea power and permits the Chileans to land troops at will along the coast throughout the military theater of operations. |- | [[1881]] || || Chilean troops occupy and sack [[Lima]], capital of Peru. The war will continue another three years, with the Peruvians retreating to the Sierra and successfully defending their mountainous redoubts. Argentina takes advantage of the military situation to impose upon Chile a settlement of their border disputes, granting all of oriental Patagonia to Argentina. The Mapuches also take advantage, with an armed rising against the increasing Chilean occupation of their territories, but are finally and definitively defeated for the first time in three centuries of combat. |- | [[1883]] || || Law of [[marriage|Civil Matrimony]] adopted. This secularization was fiercely resisted by the [[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholic Church]]. The [[Treaty of Ancón]] is signed with Perú to end the war. The "[[Pacification of Araucanía]]" is considered finished, and with that according to some historians also the [[War of Arauco]]. |- | [[1884]] || || War of the Pacific ends, allowing mining of [[Potassium nitrate|saltpeter]] in the regions conquered from Peru and Bolivia, leading to great national prosperity for Chile. Treaty called "Pacto de Tregua". |- | [[1888]] || || [[Policarpo Toro]] leads a naval expedition to annex [[Easter Island]]. The [[Catholic University of Chile]] is privately founded. |- | [[1890]] || || The [[Malleco Viaduct]] is opened and railway traffic expands further south during the next decades. |- | [[1891]] || || Chilean Revolution of 1891. The constitutional president [[José Manuel Balmaceda]] is overthrown by troops favorable to the National Congress. The beginning of "Parliamentarism" under which the Chilean oligarchy governed on its own behalf. |- | [[1895]] || || [[Easter Island]] is rented to Compañía Explotadora de Isla de Pascua. |} == 20th century == {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event |- | [[1904]] || || "Meat" Massacre in Santiago. The workers revolt against the central government due to an increase in the price of meat and the general soaring costs of living. The government responds sending the army. Two days of riots continue, where hundreds of civilians are killed on street fighting. |- | [[1907]] || || [[Massacre of the Escuela Santa María de Iquique]]; soldiers fire on saltpeter workers and their unarmed associates. It will be years before the workers, terrorized by the brutal repression, resume the struggle for their rights. |- | [[1910]] || || The centenary of independence is darkened by the death of President [[Pedro Montt]], the only president between [[1831]] and [[1925]] who failed to complete his term of office. |- | [[1920]] || || [[Arturo Alessandri Palma]] elected president, indicating a rise to power by the Chilean middle class. |- | [[1924]] || || Chile's first [[income tax]] levied. |- | [[1925]] || || After intense political agitation the Chilean Constitution of 1925 is adopted, only slightly less authoritarian than that of 1833. The ''Impuesto Global Complementario'', a [[graduated income tax]], is introduced. |- | [[1927]] || || Amidst great political instability, and by way of a bloodless coup, [[Carlos Ibáñez del Campo]] takes the presidency. He will govern as dictator, taking [[Benito Mussolini]] as his model, until [[1931]]. Also in 1927, the corps of ''[[carabineros]]'' &mdash; militarized police &mdash; is founded. |- | [[1929]] || || The economic [[crash of 1929]] strikes Chile with more force than any other country on earth. |- | [[1931]] || || The deep economic crisis obliges Ibáñez del Campo to step down. A series of civilian governments and military juntas follows, some of which last no more than a few days. |- | [[1932]] || || The period of political anarchy ends with the return to power of [[Arturo Alessandri Palma]]. |- | [[1938]] || || Massacre of Seguro Obrero. |- | [[1939]] || || The [[Radical Party (Chile)|Radical Party]] gains power, which they will keep until [[1952]]. |- | [[1940]] || || [[Pedro Aguirre Cerda]], president of the nation, establishes internationally the first Chilean claims in [[Antarctica]]. |- | [[1945]] || || [[Gabriela Mistral]] receives the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]]. |- | [[1946]] || || [[Gabriel González Videla]] becomes president, backed by a broad alliance of parties, including the Radicals and [[Communist Party of Chile|Communists]]. Once in power, he acceded to pressure from the [[United States]] and promulgates the Law of Defense of Democracy, also known as the ''Ley Maldita'' ("accursed law"), which outlawed his former allies the Communists, some of whom were placed in [[concentration camps]] in [[Pisagua]]. Poet [[Pablo Neruda]] hounded into exile. |- | [[1952]] || || [[Carlos Ibáñez del Campo]] returns to the presidency, this time via the ballot box, ending the era of the Radical Party. His emblem is the broom, with which he proposed (fruitlessly) to sweep away the Radicals' legacy of corruption. |- | [[1960]] || || The [[Great Chilean Earthquake]], with its epicenter near [[Valdivia, Chile|Valdivia]], is the most intense [[earthquake]] ever recorded, rating a 9.5 |- | [[1964]] || || [[Christian Democracy|Christian Democrat]] [[Eduardo Frei Montalva]] becomes president, proclaiming the so-called "Revolution in Liberty". |- | [[1970]] || || [[Salvador Allende]] elected president; his leftist orientation greatly displeases the government of the [[United States]]. See [[1970 Chilean presidential election]]. |- | [[1971]] || || Poet [[Pablo Neruda]] receives [[Nobel Prize for Literature]]. |- | [[1973]] || || The Armed Forces, ''carabineros'', and others stage a coup, overthrowing Allende, who dies in the course of the coup. [[Augusto Pinochet]] establishes himself as the head of a military junta. The subsequent repression of leftists and other opponents of the military regime results in approximately 130,000 arrests and at least 3,000 dead or [[Disappearances|"disappeared"]] over the next three years. ''See [[Chilean coup of 1973]].'' |- | [[1976]] || || The machinations of the United States oblige [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Ferdinand Marcos]], to cancel a scheduled visit by President Pinochet to the Philippines. |- | [[1978]] || || [[Beagle conflict]]: Almost gone to War against [[Argentina]] for the [[Beagle Channel]] |- | [[1980]] || || The military government promulgates the [[Chilean Constitution of 1980]], which is adopted by [[plebiscite]]. Economic policy begins to be significantly influenced by the ideas of the [[Chicago School]] and of [[Neoliberalism]]. |- | [[1982]] || || Support for British Forces in the [[Falkland War]] |- | [[1984]] || || [[1984 Argentina and Chile Peace and Friendship Treaty|Argentina and Chile Peace and Friendship Treaty]] signed |- | [[1988]] || || Pinochet loses the plebiscite foreseen by the constitution, which brings about, by agreement of all, elections the following year. |- | [[1990]] || || [[Patricio Aylwin]] takes office as President. Transition to democracy begins. |- | [[1991]] || || [[Mount Hudson]] erupts. |- | [[1994]] || || [[Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle]] is elected President. |- | [[1998]] || || During a visit to [[London]] for medical reasons, Augusto Pinochet is arrested in accord with the orders of Spanish judge [[Baltasar Garzón]], beginning an international struggle between his supporters and detractors. He returns to Chile the following year, and the charges against him are later thrown out on the basis of his ostensibly deteriorated mental state. Chile suffers greatly from the world economic crisis, resulting in years of inflation and unemployment. |- | [[2000]] || || In the second round of voting, in a tight contest with [[right wing]] candidate [[Joaquín Lavín]], [[Ricardo Lagos Escobar]] is elected President. |} == 21st century == {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event |- | [[2002]] || || A general [[census]] is performed all over the country. |- | [[2004]] || || The Chilean Supreme Court declares that Pinochet is mentally competent to stand trial. |- | [[2005]] || || The Pinochet trial continues. The presidential election of [[December 11]] puts [[Michelle Bachelet]] and [[Sebastián Piñera]] into a second round. |- | [[2006]] || || In the second round of the presidential election the socialist leader [[Michelle Bachelet]] emerges the winner. 790,000 students adhere to the [[2006 student protests in Chile]]. Death of [[Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte]] (10 December 2006) |- | [[2007]] || || [[Los Ríos Region]] and [[Arica-Parinacota Region]] are created. |} [[Category:National timelines|Chile]] [[Category:Chile-related lists]] [[Category:History of Chile]] [[es:Cronología de Chile]]