Timeline of Christianity
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{{ otheruses4| Timeline Christianity|History of Christianity |History of Christianity |Timeline of the Roman Catholic Church|Timeline of the Roman Catholic Church}}
{{Historyportal}}
{{Christianityportal}}
{{Christianity}}
The purpose of this [[timeline]] is to give a detailed account of [[Christianity]] from the beginning of the current era to the present. Question marks on dates indicate approximate dates. For "[[Old Testament]]" chronology, see [[History of ancient Israel and Judah]].
==Era of Jesus==
{{seealso|Cultural and historical background of Jesus|Chronology of Jesus}}
The [[year one]] is the first year in the [[anno Domini|''Christian calendar'']] (there is no [[year zero]]), which is the calendar presently used (in unison with the [[Gregorian calendar]]) almost everywhere in the world, because of the current dominance of the [[Western world]]. Traditionally, this was held to be the year [[Nativity of Jesus|Jesus was born]], however most modern scholars argue for an earlier or later date, the most agreed upon being between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C.
*6 [[Herod Archelaus]] deposed by [[Augustus]]; [[Samaria]], [[Judea]] and [[Idumea]] annexed as [[Iudaea Province]] under direct Roman administration <ref>H.H. Ben-Sasson, ''A History of the Jewish People'', Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0674397312, page 246: "When Archelaus was deposed from the ethnarchy in 6 CE, Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea were converted into a Roman province under the name Iudaea."</ref>, capital at [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]], [[Quirinius]] became [[Legatus|Legate]] (Governor) of [[Syria (Roman province)#Syria in antiquity|Syria]], conducted [[Census of Quirinius]], opposed by [[Zealots]] ([http://earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/ant18.html JA18], {{bibleverse||Luke|2:1-3}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|5:37}})
*7-26 Brief period of peace, relatively free of revolt and bloodshed in Iudaea & [[Galilee]]<ref>[[John P. Meier]]'s [[John P. Meier#A Marginal Jew|''A Marginal Jew'']], v. 1, ch. 11; also H.H. Ben-Sasson, ''A History of the Jewish People'', Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0674397312, page 251: "But after the first agitation (which occurred in the wake of the first Roman census) had faded out, we no longer hear of bloodshed in Judea until the days of Pilate."</ref>
*9 [[Pharisee]] leader [[Hillel the Elder]] dies, temporary rise of [[Shammai]]
*14-37 [[Tiberius]], [[Roman Emperor]]
*18-36 [[Caiaphas]], appointed [[List of High Priests of Israel|High Priest]] of [[Herod's Temple]] by Prefect Valerius Gratus, deposed by Syrian Legate [[Lucius Vitellius]]
*19 [[Jews]], Jewish [[Proselytes]], [[Astrologers]], expelled from Rome<ref>Suetonius, [[Lives of the Twelve Caesars]], Tiberius 36; [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=352&letter=R&search=Sejanus#1006 Jewish Encyclopedia: Rome: Expelled Under Tiberius]: "The Jewish deputation which petitioned for the deposition of the royal house of the [[Idumeans]] was joined by 8,000 Jewish residents of Rome. Several Romans adopted Jewish customs, and some, as the rhetor Cilicius of Kalakte, a friend of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, even embraced Judaism (Müller, "Fragmenta Historicorum Græcorum," iii. 331). The reign of Tiberius (until the removal of his minister [[Sejanus]]) was fraught with misfortune for the Jews. When the [[cult of Isis]] was driven out of Rome (19 C.E.) the Jews also were expelled, because a Roman lady who inclined toward Judaism had been deceived by Jewish swindlers. The [[synagogues]] were closed, the vessels burned, and 4,000 Jewish youths were sent upon military service to Sardinia. After the death of Sejanus (31) the emperor allowed the Jews to return."; H.H. Ben-Sasson's ''A History of the Jewish People'', Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0674397312, page 288 notes: "Explicit evidence of a systematic attempt to propagate the Jewish faith in the city of Rome is found as early as 139 BCE. With the increase of the Jewish population of Rome, the Jews intensified their efforts to make converts among the Romans. Although the activity of Jewish missionaries in Roman society caused Tiberius to expel them from that city in 19 CE, they soon returned, and Jewish religious propaganda was resumed and maintained even after the destruction of the Temple. Tacitus mentions it regretfully (''Histories'' 5.5), and Juvenal, in his Fourteenth Satire (11. 96ff.), describes how Roman families 'degenerated' into Judaism: the fathers permitted themselves to adopt some of its customs and the sons became Jews in every respect. ... the Bible provided the apostles of Judaism with a literature unparalleled in any other religion."</ref>
*26-36 [[Pontius Pilate]], [[Prefect]] (governor) of Iudaea, recalled to Rome by Syrian Legate Vitellius on complaints of excess violence (JA18.4.2)
*28 or 29 [[John the Baptist]] began his [[Religious ministry (Christian)|ministry]] in the "15th year of Tiberius" ({{bibleverse|Luke||3:1-2}}), saying: "[[Repent]], for the [[kingdom of heaven]] is near" ({{bibleverse||Matt|3:1-2}}), a relative of Jesus ({{bibleverse|Luke||1:36|NRSV}}), a [[Nazirite]] ({{bibleverse||Luke|1:15}}), [[Baptism of Jesus|baptized Jesus]] ({{bibleverse|Mark||1:4-11}}), later arrested and [[Decapitation|beheaded]] by [[Herod Antipas]] ({{bibleverse|Luke||3:19-20}}), it's possible that, according to [[Josephus]]' chronology, John was not killed until 36 (JA18.5.2)<ref>{{cite web| url = http://members.aol.com/FLJOSEPHUS/JohnTBaptist.htm| title = John the Baptist and Josephus| accessdate = 2006-08-16| author =G. J. Goldberg}}</ref>
[[Jesus]] began his [[Ministry of Jesus|ministry]] after his baptism by John and during the rule of Pilate, preaching: "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near" ({{bibleverse||Matt|4:12-17}}). While the [[Historicity of Jesus|historicity]] of the gospel accounts is questioned to some extent by some [[Biblical criticism|critical scholars]] and non-Christians, the traditional view states the following chronology for his ministry: [[Temptation of Christ|Temptation]], [[Sermon on the Mount]], [[Twelve Apostles|Appointment of the Twelve]], [[Miracles of Jesus|Miracles]], [[Jesus and the Money Changers|Temple Money Changers]], [[Last Supper]], [[Arrest of Jesus|Arrest]], [[Sanhedrin Trial of Jesus|Trial]], [[Passion (Christianity)|Passion]], [[Crucifixion]] on [[Good Friday]] ({{bibleverse|Mark||15:42}},{{bibleverse|John||19:42}}), [[Quartodeciman|Nisan 14th]] ({{bibleverse||John|19:14}},{{bibleverse|Mark||14:2}},[[Gospel of Peter]]) or Nisan 15th ([[Synoptic Gospels]]), (7Apr30, 3Apr33, 30Mar36, possible Fri-14-Nisan dates, -[[John P. Meier|Meier]]), entombment by Pharisees [[Joseph of Arimathea]] and [[Nicodemus]] of the [[Sanhedrin]], [[Resurrection of Jesus|Resurrection by God]] on [[Easter Sunday]], [[Resurrection appearances of Jesus|appearances]] to [[Paul of Tarsus]] ({{bibleverse|1Cor||15:3-9}}), [[Simon Peter]] ({{bibleverse|Luke||24:34}}), [[Mary Magdalene]] ({{bibleverse|Mark||16:9}},{{bibleverse|John||20:10-18}}), and others, [[Great Commission]], [[Ascension of Jesus Christ|Ascension]], [[Second Coming#Christianity|Second Coming Prophecy]] to fulfill the rest of [[Messianic prophecy]] such as the [[Resurrection of the dead]], the [[Last Judgment]], and establishment of the [[Kingdom of God]] and the [[Messianic Age]]. See also [[Chronology of Jesus]].
{{New Testament people|collapsed}}
==Era of the Apostles==
{{seealso|Apostolic Age|Acts of the Apostles|Paul of Tarsus}}
Shortly after the Death ([[Nisan]] 14 or 15) and Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus, the [[Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem#Bishops of Jerusalem|Jerusalem church]] was founded as the first Christian [[church]] with about 120 [[Jews]] and Jewish [[Proselytes]] ({{bibleverse|Acts||1:15}}), followed by [[Pentecost]] ([[Sivan]] 6), the [[Ananias and Sapphira]] incident, Pharisee [[Gamaliel]]'s defense of the [[Twelve Apostles|Apostles]] ({{bibleverse-nb|Acts||5:34-39}}), the [[stoning]] of [[Saint Stephen]] (see also [[Persecution of Christians]]) and the subsequent dispersal of the church ({{bibleverse-nb|Acts||7:54-8:8}}) which led to the baptism of [[Simon Magus]] in [[Samaria]] ({{bibleverse-nb|Acts||8:9-24}}), and also an [[Ethiopian]] [[eunuch]] ({{bibleverse-nb|Acts||8:26-40}}). Paul's "[[Road to Damascus]]" conversion to "Apostle to the Gentiles" is first recorded in {{bibleverse-nb||Acts|9:13-16}}, cf. {{bibleverse||Gal|1:11-24}}. Peter [[baptize]]d the Roman [[Centurion Cornelius]], who is traditionally considered the first [[Gentile]] convert to Christianity ({{bibleverse-nb|Acts||10}}). The [[List of Patriarchs of Antioch|Antioch church]] was founded, it was there that the term [[Christian]] was first used ({{bibleverse-nb|Acts||11:26}}).
*37-41 Crisis under [[Caligula]]<ref>H.H. Ben-Sasson, ''A History of the Jewish People'', Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0674397312, ''The Crisis Under Gaius Caligula'', pages 254-256: "The reign of Gaius Caligula (37-41) witnessed the first open break between the Jews and the [[Julio-Claudian]] empire. Until then — if one accepts [[Sejanus]]' heyday and the trouble caused by the [[Census of Quirinius|census after Archelaus' banishment]] — there was usually an atmosphere of understanding between the Jews and the empire ... These relations deteriorated seriously during Caligula's reign, and, though after his death the peace was outwardly re-established, considerable bitterness remained on both sides. ... Caligula ordered that a golden statue of himself be set up in the Temple in Jerusalem. ... Only Caligula's death, at the hands of Roman conspirators (41), prevented the outbreak of a Jewish-Roman war that might well have spread to the entire East."</ref>
*44? [[Saint James the Great]]: According to ancient local tradition, on 2 January of the year AD 40, [[the Virgin Mary]] appeared to James on a [[Pilar]] on the bank of the Ebro River at Caesaraugusta, while he was preaching the Gospel in Spain. Following that apparition, St James returned to Judea, where he was beheaded by King Herod Agrippa I in the year 44 during a [[Passover]] (Nisan 15) ({{bibleverse|Acts||12:1-3}}).
*44 Death of [[Herod Agrippa I]] ([http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/ant19.html JA19].8.2, {{bibleverse||Acts|12:20-23}})
*44-46? [[Theudas]] beheaded by [[Procurator]] [[Cuspius Fadus]] for saying he would part the Jordan river (like [[Moses]] and the Red Sea or [[Joshua]] and the Jordan) ([http://earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/ant20.html JA20].5.1, {{bibleverse||Acts|5:36-37}} places it before the [[Census of Quirinius]])
*45-49? Mission of [[Barnabas]] and Paul, ({{bibleverse||Acts|13:1-14:28}}), to Cyprus, [[Antioch, Pisidia|Pisidian Antioch]], [[Iconium]], [[Lystra]] and [[Derbe]] (there they were called "gods ... in human form"), then return to Syrian [[Antioch]]. [http://www.bible.org/assets/netbible/jp1.jpg Map1]
*47? The [[Church of the East]] is created by [[Thomas the Apostle|Saint Thomas]]
*48-100 [[Agrippa II|Herod Agrippa II]] appointed [[King of the Jews]] by [[Claudius]], seventh and last of the [[Herodians]]
*49 "Since the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus,<ref> A. J. MAAS (2003). [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08374x.htm Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ]. Retrieved January 23, 2006. [[Walter Bauer]]'s et al. ''Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament'', 1979, under Christos notes: "as a personal name; the Gentiles must have understood Christos in this way (to them it seemed very much like Chrestos [even in pronunciation ...], a name that is found in lit."</ref> he <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Claudius]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> expelled them from Rome." (referenced in {{bibleverse|Acts||18:2}})<ref>Suetonius, [[Lives of the Twelve Caesars]], Claudius XXV.4; [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=352&letter=R&search=Sejanus#1006 Jewish Encyclopedia: Rome: Expelled Under Tiberius]: "... in 49-50, in consequence of dissensions among them regarding the [[Jewish messianism|advent of the Messiah]], they were forbidden to hold religious services. The leaders in the controversy, and many others of the Jewish citizens, left the city."</ref>
*50 [[Passover]] riot in [[Jerusalem]], 20-30,000 killed (JA20.5.3,[http://earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/war2.html JW2].12.1)
*50? [[Council of Jerusalem]] and the "Apostolic Decree", {{bibleverse|Acts||15:1-35}}, same as {{bibleverse||Galatians|2:1-10}}?, which is followed by the "Incident at Antioch"<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08537a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Judaizers] see section titled: "THE INCIDENT AT ANTIOCH"</ref> at which Paul publicly accused Peter of "[[Judaizing]]" ({{bibleverse-nb||Galatians|2:11-21}}), see also [[Circumcision controversy in early Christianity]]
*50-53? Paul's 2nd mission, ({{bibleverse||Acts|15:36-18:22}}), split with Barnabas, to Phrygia, Galatia, Macedonia, Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, Corinth, "he had his hair cut off at Cenchrea because of a vow he had taken", then return to Antioch; [[First Epistle to the Thessalonians|1 Thessalonians]], [[Epistle to Galatians|Galatians]] written? [http://www.bible.org/assets/netbible/jp2.jpg Map2]
*51-52 or 52-53 proconsulship of [[Gallio]] according to an inscription, only fixed date in chronology of Paul<ref>[http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Pauline_Chronology.htm Pauline Chronology: His Life and Missionary Work], from [http://catholic-resources.org Catholic Resources] by Felix Just, S.J.</ref>
*52? [[Saint Thomas Christians]] of India
*53-57? Paul's 3rd mission, ({{bibleverse||Acts|18:23-22:30}}), to Galatia, Phrygia, Corinth, Ephesus, Macedonia, Greece, and Jerusalem where [[James the Just]] challenged him about rumor of teaching [[antinomianism]] ({{bibleverse-nb|Acts||21:21}}), he addressed a crowd in their language (most likely [[Aramaic of Jesus|Aramaic]]), [[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]], [[First Epistle to the Corinthians|1 Corinthians]], [[Second Epistle to the Corinthians|2 Corinthians]], [[Epistle to the Philippians|Philippians]] written? [http://www.bible.org/assets/netbible/jp3.jpg Map3]
*55? "Egyptian Prophet" (allusion to Moses) and 30,000 unarmed Jews doing [[The Exodus]] reenactment massacred by [[Procurator]] [[Antonius Felix]] (JW2.13.5, JA20.8.6, {{bibleverse|Acts||21:38}})
*58? Paul arrested, accused of being a [[zealot|revolutionary]], "ringleader of the sect of the [[Nazarenes]]", teaching [[resurrection of the dead]], imprisoned in [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]] ({{bibleverse|Acts||23-26}})
*59? Paul shipwrecked on [[Malta]], there he was called a god ({{bibleverse|Acts||28:6}})
*60? Paul in Rome: greeted by many "brothers" ([[NRSV]]: "believers"), three days later called together the Jewish leaders, who hadn't received any word from Judea about him, but were curious about "this sect", which everywhere is spoken against; he tried to convince them from the "[[Torah|Law]] and [[Neviim|Prophets]]", with partial success, said the Gentiles would listen and spent two years proclaiming the [[Kingdom of God]] and teaching the "Lord Jesus Christ" ({{bibleverse|Acts||28:15-31}}); [[Epistle to Philemon]] written?
*62 James the Just stoned to death for law transgression by [[List of High Priests of Israel|High Priest]] Ananus ben Artanus, popular opinion against act results in Ananus being deposed by new procurator [[Lucceius Albinus]] (JA20.9.1)
*63-107? [[Simeon of Jerusalem|Simeon]], 2nd [[Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem#Bishops of Jerusalem|Bishop of Jerusalem]], crucified under [[Trajan]]
*63? [[Glastonbury Abbey]] founded according to tradition
*64-68 after July 18 [[Great Fire of Rome]], [[Nero]] blamed and [[Persecution of Christians|persecuted]] the ''Christians'', earliest mention of ''Christians'', by that name, in Rome, see also [[Tacitus on Jesus]], Paul beheaded? ({{bibleverse||Col|1:24}},{{bibleverse||Eph|3:13}},{{bibleverse|2|Tim|4:6-8|NRSV}},[http://earlychristianwritings.com/text/1clement-roberts.html 1Clem]5:5-7), Peter crucified upside down? ({{bibleverse||Jn|21:18}},{{bibleverse|1|Pet|5:13}},[http://earlychristianwritings.com/text/tertullian11.html Tertullian's Prescription Against Heretics] chapter XXXVI,[http://ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-01/Npnf2-01-08.htm#P1497_696002 Eusebius' Church History Book III] chapter I), "...a vast multitude, were convicted, not so much of the crime of incendiarism as of hatred of the human race. And in their deaths they were made the subjects of sport; for they were wrapped in the hides of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, or nailed to crosses, or set on fire, and when day declined, were burned to serve for nocturnal lights." ([[Annals (Tacitus)]] XV.44)
==Early Christianity==
{{seealso|Early Christianity}}
*64/67(?)-76/79(?) [[Pope Linus]] succeeds Peter as Episcopus Romanus (Bishop of Rome)
*65? [[Q document]], a hypothetical Greek text thought by many critical scholars to have been used in writing of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]]
*66-73 [[Great Jewish Revolt]]: destruction of [[Herod's Temple]], [[Qumran]] community destroyed, site of [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] found in 1947
*68-107? [[Ignatius of Antioch|Ignatius]], third [[Bishop of Antioch]], fed to the lions in the [[Roman Colosseum]], advocated the [[Bishop]] (Eph 6:1, Mag 2:1,6:1,7:1,13:2, Tr 3:1, Smy 8:1,9:1), rejected [[Sabbath in Christianity|Sabbath]] on Saturday in favor of The Lord's Day (Sunday). (Mag 9.1), rejected [[Judaizing]] (Mag 10.3), first recorded use of the term [[catholic]] (Smy 8:2).
*70(+/-10)? [[Gospel of Mark]], written in Rome, by Peter's interpreter (1 Peter 5:13), original ending apparently lost, endings added c.400, see [[Mark 16]]
*70? [[Signs Gospel]] written, hypothetical Greek text used in Gospel of John to prove Jesus is the Messiah
*70-100? additional [[Pauline Epistles]]
*70-200? [[Didache]]; Other Gospels: [[Unknown Berlin Gospel]], [[Gospel of Peter]], [[Gospel of Thomas]], [[Oxyrhynchus Gospels]], [[Egerton Gospel]], [[Fayyum Fragment]], [[Dialogue of the Saviour]]; [[Jewish Christian]] Gospels: [[Gospel of the Ebionites]], [[Gospel of the Hebrews]], [[Gospel of the Nazarenes]]
*76/79(?)-88 [[Pope Anacletus]] first Greek Pope, who succeeds Linus as Episcopus Romanus (Bishop of Rome)
*80(+/-20)? [[Gospel of Matthew]], based on Mark and Q, most popular in [[Early Christianity]]
*80(+/-20)? [[Gospel of Luke]], based on Mark and Q, also [[Acts of the Apostles]] by same author
*88-101? [[Pope Clement I|Clement]], fourth [[Bishop of Rome]], wrote [[Epistles of Clement|Letter of the Romans to the Corinthians]] (Apostolic Fathers)
*90? [[Council of Jamnia]] of [[Judaism]] (disputed), [[Domitian]] applied the [[Fiscus Iudaicus]] tax even to those who merely "lived like Jews"<ref>[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=183&letter=F&search=Fiscus%20Iudaicus Jewish Encyclopedia: Fiscus Iudaicus], [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suet-domitian-rolfe.html Suetonius's Domitian] XII: "Besides other taxes, that on the Jews [A tax of two drachmas a head, imposed by Titus in return for free permission to practice their religion; see Josephus, Bell. Jud. 7.6.6] was levied with the utmost rigor, and those were prosecuted who, without publicly acknowledging that faith, yet lived as Jews, as well as those who concealed their origin and did not pay the tribute levied upon their people [These may have been Christians, whom the Romans commonly assumed were Jews]. I recall being present in my youth when the person of a man ninety years old was examined before the procurator and a very crowded court, to see whether he was circumcised."</ref>
*90(+/-10)? [[1 Peter]]
*94 [[Testimonium Flavianum]], disputed section of [[Jewish Antiquities]] by [[Josephus]] in [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], translated to [[Koine Greek]]
*95(+/-30)? [[Gospel of John]] and [[Epistles of John]]
*95(+/-10)? [[Book of Revelation]] written, by John (son of Zebedee) and/or a disciple of his
*100(+/-30)? [[Epistle of Barnabas]] (Apostolic Fathers)
*100(+/-25)? [[Epistle of James]]
*100(+/-10)? [[Epistle of Jude]] written, probably by doubting relative of Jesus (Mark 6,3), rejected by some early Christians due to its reference to apocryphal [[Book of Enoch]] (v14), [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] written
*100-150? [[Apocryphon of James]], [[Gospel of Mary Magdalene]], [[Gospel of James]], [[Infancy Gospel of Thomas]], [[Secret Gospel of Mark]] (''Complete Gospels'', published by [[Jesus Seminar]])
*110-130? [[Papias]], bishop of [[Pamukkale|Hierapolis]], wrote: "Expositions of the Sayings of the Lord", lost, widely quoted (Apostolic Fathers)
*110-160? [[Polycarp]], bishop of [[İzmir|Smyrna]], [[Polycarp's letter to the Philippians|Letter to the Philippians]], (Apostolic Fathers)
*120? [[Tarfon|Rabbi Tarfon]] advocated burning the Gospels<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=66&letter=T Jewish Encyclopedia: Tarfon]: "R. Ṭarfon was extremely bitter against those Jews who had been converted to the new faith; and he swore that he would burn every book of theirs which should fall into his hands (Shab. 116a), his feeling being so intense that he had no scruples against destroying the Gospels, [[Tetragrammaton in the New Testament|although the name of God occurred frequently in them]]."</ref>
*125(+/-5)? [[2 Peter]] written, not accepted into canon until early 400s, drew upon Epistle of Jude, "catholic" epistle, [[Pastoral Epistles]] written
*125? [[Rylands Library Papyrus P52]], oldest extant NT fragment, p.1935, parts of Jn18:31-33,37-38
*130-250? "Christian Apologists" writings against [[Roman religion]]: [[Justin Martyr]], [[Athenagoras of Athens|Athenagoras]], [[Apology of Aristides]], [[Theophilus of Antioch]], [[Tatian]], [[Quadratus (apostle)|Quadratus]], [[Melito of Sardis]], [[Apollinaris Claudius]], [[Marcus Minucius Felix]], [[Arnobius]], [[Epistle to Diognetus]]
*132-135 [[Bar Kokhba's revolt]]: final Jewish revolt, Judea and Jerusalem erased from maps, region renamed [[Syria Palæstina]] (the term ''Palestine'' was originally coined by [[Herodotus]]), Jerusalem renamed [[Aelia Capitolina]]
*142-144? [[Marcion of Sinope]], bishop according to [[Catholic Encyclopedia]], went to Rome, possibly to [[Simony|buy the bishopric of Rome]], upon rejection formed his own church in Rome, later called [[Marcionism]], rejected [[Old Testament]], decreed [[Biblical canon|canon]] of one [[Gospel of Marcion|Gospel]], one ''Apostolicon'' (10 Letters of Paul) and one ''Antithesis''[http://www.gnosis.org/library/marcion/antithes.htm] which contrasted the Old Testament with the [[New Testament]], cited [[Western text-type]], see also [[Expounding of the Law#Antithesis of the Law]]
*150? "Western Revisor" adds/subtracts from original Acts to produce [[Acts of the Apostles#Text|Western]] version which is 10% larger and found in Papyrus P29,38,48 and [[Codex Bezae]] (D)
*150? [[Valentinius]], most famous Christian [[Gnostic]], according to [[Tertullian]] narrowly lost election for Bishop of Rome
*150(+/-10)? [[Shepherd of Hermas]], written in Rome (Apostolic Fathers)
*155? [[Montanus]], claimed to be the [[Paraclete]] ("Counselor") of {{bibleverse||John|14:16}}
*160? [[Martyrdom of Polycarp]] (Apostolic Fathers)
*170? [[Dionysius, bishop of Corinth]][http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05010a.htm] claimed Christians were changing and faking his own letters just as [he knew] they had changed the Gospels ([http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-01/Npnf2-01-09.htm#P2227_1055358 Eusebius' EH 4] c.23 v.12;[[Ante-Nicene Fathers]],v.8)
*170? [[Tatian]] produces "[[Diatessaron]]" (Harmony) by blending 4 "Western" text-type Gospels into 1
*170? [[Symmachus the Ebionite]], new Greek translation of [[Hebrew Bible]]
*177 [[Persecution in Lyon]]
*180? [[Hegesippus]]
*180-202? [[Irenaeus]], [[Bishop of Lyon]], combated heresies, cited "Western" Gospel text-type (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*185-350? [[Muratorian fragment]], 1st extant canon for [[New Testament]] after Marcion?, written in Rome by [[Hippolytus of Rome|Hippolytus]]?, excludes Hebrews, James, 1-2 Peter, 3 John; includes [[Wisdom of Solomon]], [[Apocalypse of Peter]]
*186? [[Saint Apollonius]], used the term ''catholic'' in reference to 1 John
*188-231 [[Saint Demetrius]], bishop of Alexandria, condemned [[Origen]]
*189-198 [[Pope Victor I]], 1st [[Latin]] Pope, excommunicated Eastern churches that continued to observe [[Easter]] on Nisan 14 [[Quartodeciman]]
*196? [[Polycrates of Ephesus|Polycrates]], bishop of Ephesus (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*199-217? Caius [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03144a.htm] [http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-05/anf05-133.htm#P9935_3091359], [[presbyter]] of Rome, wrote "Dialogue against Proclus" in [[Ante-Nicene Fathers]], rejected [[Revelation]], said to be by Gnostic [[Cerinthus]], see also [[Alogi]]
*200? [[Papyrus 46]]: 2nd [[Chester Beatty]], [[Alexandrian text-type]]; Papyrus 66: 2nd Bodmer, John, 1956, "Alexandrian/Western" text-types; Papyrus 75: Bodmer 14-15, Luke & John, earliest extant Luke, ~Vaticanus; 200? Papyrus 32: J. Rylands Library: Titus 1:11-15;2:3-8; Papyrus 64 (+67): Mt3:9,15; 5:20-22,25-28; 26:7-8,10,14-15,22-23,31-33
*200? [[Sextus Julius Africanus]]
*200? [[Antipope]] Natalius[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10448a.htm], rival bishop of Rome, according to [[Eusebius]]'s EH5.28.8-12, quoting the ''Little Labyrinth'' of [[Hippolytus of Rome|Hippolytus]], after being "[[scourge]]d all night by the holy angels", covered in ash, dressed in [[sackcloth]], and "after some difficulty", tearfully submitted to [[Pope Zephyrinus]]
*217-236 [[Hippolytus of Rome|Antipope Hippolytus]], ''Logos'' sect?
*218-258 [[Cyprian]], Bishop of [[Carthage]], cited "Western" NT text-type, claimed Christians were freely forging his letters to discredit him (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*220? [[Clement of Alexandria]], cited "Alexandrian" NT text-type & [[Secret Gospel of Mark]] & [[Gospel of the Egyptians]]; wrote: "Exhortations to the Greeks"; "Rich Man's Salutation"; "To the Newly Baptized"; (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*220?-340? [[Codex Tchacos]], manuscript containing a copy of the [[Gospel of Judas]] has been written.
*223? [[Tertullian]], sometimes called "father of the Latin Church" because he coined [[trinity|trinitas]], tres [[Persona]]e, [[Consubstantial|una Substantia]], [[Old Testament|Vetus Testamentum]], [[New Testament|Novum Testamentum]], convert to [[Montanism]], cited "Western" Gospel text-type (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*225? [[Papyrus 45]]: 1st [[Chester Beatty Papyri]], Gospels ([[Caesarean text-type]], mixed), Acts (Alexandrian text-type)
*235-238 [[Maximinus Thrax]], emperor of Rome, ends Christian schism in Rome by deporting [[Pope Pontian]] and [[Hippolytus of Rome|Antipope Hippolytus]] to [[Sardinia]] where they soon die
*248-264 [[Dionysius of Alexandria|Dionysius]], [[Patriarch of Alexandria]] see also [[List of Patriarchs of Alexandria]]
*250? [[Apostolic Constitutions]], [[Liturgy of St James]], [[Old Roman Symbol]], [[Clementine literature]]
*250? Letters of [[Methodius of Olympus|Methodius]], [[Pistis Sophia]], [[Porphyry (philosopher)|Porphyry Tyrius]], [[Commodianus]] (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*250? Papyrus 72: Bodmer 5-11+, pub. 1959, "Alexandrian" text-type: Nativity of Mary; 3Cor; ''[[Odes of Solomon]]'' 11; Jude 1-25; Melito's Homily on Passover; Hymn fragment; Apology of Phileas; Ps33,34; 1Pt1:1-5:14; 2Pt1:1-3:18
*250? [[Origen]], [[ousios|Jesus and God one substance]], adopted at [[First Council of Nicaea]] in 325, compiled [[Hexapla]]; cites Alexandrian, [[Caesarean text-type]]; [[Eusebius]] claimed Origen castrated himself for Christ due to Mt19:12 (EH6.8.1-3)
*251-424? [[Synods of Carthage]]
*251-258 [[Antipope Novatian]], decreed no forgiveness for sins after [[baptism]]
*254-257 [[Pope Stephen I]]; major [[Schism (religion)|schism]] over rebaptizing [[heretics]] and [[apostates]]
*258 "[[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]]'s Massacre": Roman emperor issued edict to execute immediately all Christian Bishops, Presbyters, and Deacons, including [[Pope Sixtus II]], [[Antipope Novatian]], [[Cyprian of Carthage]] ([http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15256b.htm CE: Valerian], [http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/history/2_ch02.htm Schaff's History Vol 2 Chap 2] § 22)
*264-269 [[Synods of Antioch]], condemned [[Paul of Samosata]], Bishop of Antioch, founder of [[Adoptionism]] (Jesus was human until Holy Spirit descended at his baptism), also condemned term [[ousios|homoousios]] adopted at Nicaea
*265 [[Gregory Thaumaturgus]] (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*270? [[Anthony the Great|Anthony]] begins monastic movement
*275? Papyrus 47: 3rd Chester Beatty, ~Sinaiticus, Rev9:10-11:3,5-16:15,17-17:2
*276 [[Mani (prophet)]], crucified, founder of the dualistic [[Manichaean]] sect in [[Persia]]
*282-300? [[Theonas of Alexandria|Theonas]], bishop of Alexandria (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*290-345? [[St Pachomius]], founder of [[Christian monasticism]]
*296-304 [[Pope Marcellinus]], offered pagan sacrifices for Diocletian
*303-312 [[Diocletian Persecution|Diocletian's Massacre]] of Christians, included burning of scriptures ([http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.xiii.iii.html EH 8.2])
*314 [[Arsacid Armenia]] first to adopt Christianity as [[state religion]] (mainstream date; traditionally 301)
*303 [[Saint George]], patron saint of [[England]], and other states
*304? [[Victorinus of Pettau|Victorinus]], bishop of [[Ptuj|Pettau]]
*304? [[Pope Marcellinus]], having repented from his previous defection, sufferd martyrdom with several companions.
*306 [[Synod of Elvira]], prohibited relations between Christians and Jews
*310 [[Maxentius]] deports [[Pope Eusebius]] and Heraclius [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09001b.htm] [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05615b.htm] to Sicily (relapse controversy)
*312 [[Lucian of Antioch]], founded [[School of Antioch]], martyred
*312 [[Constantine I and Christianity#Constantine's vision|Vision of Constantine]]: while gazing into the sun he saw a [[cross]] with the words [[In hoc signo vinces|by this sign conquer]], see also [[Labarum]], he was later called the ''13th Apostle'' and [[Equal-to-apostles]]
*313 [[Edict of Milan]], Constantine and [[Licinius]] end persecution, establish toleration of Christianity
*313? [[Lateran Palace]] given to [[Pope Miltiades]] for residence by Constantine
*314 Council of Arles [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01727b.htm], called by Constantine against [[Donatist]] schism
*314-340? [[Eusebius of Caesarea|Eusebius]], bishop of Caesarea, church historian, cited [[Caesarean text-type]], wrote ''Ecclesiastical History'' in 325 [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.i.html]
*317? [[Lactantius]]
*321 Constantine decreed Sunday as state "day of rest" ([[Corpus Iuris Civilis#Codex Justinianus|CJ]]3.12.2), see also [[Sol Invictus]]
==Era of the Seven Ecumenical Councils==
{{seealso|Ecumenical councils#The first seven Ecumenical Councils|Christendom}}
Constantine called the [[First Council of Nicaea]] in 325 to unify [[Christology]], also called the first great Christian council by [[Jerome]], the first [[ecumenical]], decreed the [[Nicene Creed#The original Nicene Creed of 325|Original Nicene Creed]], but rejected by [[Nontrinitarianism|Nontrinitarians]] such as [[Arius]], [[Theonas]], [[Secundus of Ptolemais]], [[Eusebius of Nicomedia]], and [[Theognis of Nicaea]] who were [[excommunicated]], also addressed [[Easter controversy]] and passed 20 [[Canon law]]s such as Canon VII which granted special recognition to [[Jerusalem in Christianity|Jerusalem]].
*325 The [[First Council of Nicaea]]
*325 The [[Kingdom of Aksum]] (Modern [[Ethiopia]]) declares Christianity as the official state Religion becoming the second country to do so
*325 [[Church of the Nativity]] in [[Bethlehem]], ordered by Constantine
*326, November 18 [[Pope Sylvester I]] consecrates the [[Basilica of St. Peter]] built by Constantine the Great over the tomb of the Apostle.
*328-373 [[Athanasius]], bishop of Alexandria, first cite of modern 27 book [[New Testament]] [[Biblical canon|canon]]
*330 Old [[Church of the Holy Apostles]], dedicated by Constantine
*330, May 11: [[Constantinople]] solemly inaugurated. Constantine moves the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium, renaming it [[New Rome]]
*331 Constantine commissioned Eusebius to deliver 50 Bibles for the Church of Constantinople<ref>''The Canon Debate'', McDonald & Sanders editors, 2002, pages 414-415</ref>
*335 Council in Jerusalem, reversed Nicaea's condemnation of [[Arius]], consecrated Jerusalem [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]]
*337 [[Mirian III of Iberia|Mirian III]] of [[History of Georgia (country)|Georgia]], third to adopt Christianity as [[state religion]]
*337, May 22: Constantine the Great dies. Baptized shortly prior to his death
*341-379 [[Shapur II]]'s persecution of [[Sassanid Church|Persian Christians]]
*343? [[Council of Sardica]]
*350? [[Julius Firmicus Maternus]]
*350? [[Codex Sinaiticus]](א), [[Codex Vaticanus]](B): earliest Christian Bibles, [[Alexandrian text-type]]
*350? [[Ulfilas]], Arian, apostle to the [[Goths]], translated Greek NT to Gothic
*350? [[Comma Johanneum]] 1Jn5:7b-8a([[KJV]])
*350? [[Aëtius (theologian)|Aëtius]], Arian, "Syntagmation": "God is agennetos (unbegotten)", founder of [[Anomoeanism]]
*350? [[School of Nisibis]] founded
*353-367 [[Hilary of Poitiers|Hilary]], [[bishop of Poitiers]]
*355-365 [[Antipope Felix II]], [[Arian]], supported by [[Constantius II]], consecrated by [[Acacius of Caesarea]]
*357 [[Council of Sirmium]], issued so-called ''Blasphemy of Sirmium'' or ''Seventh Arian Confession''<ref>[http://ecole.evansville.edu/arians/7arcon.htm The Seventh Arian (or Second Sirmium) Confession Sirmium (357)]</ref>, called high point of Arianism
*359 [[Council of Rimini]], Dated Creed ([[Acacians]])
*360 [[Julian the Apostate]] becomes the last non-Christian Roman Emperor.
*363-364 [[Council of Laodicea]], canon 29 decreed [[anathema]] for Christians who rest on the [[Sabbath in Christianity|Sabbath]], disputed canon 60 named 26 NT books (excluded [[Revelation]])
*366-367 [[Antipope Ursicinus]], rival to [[Pope Damasus I]]
*367-403 [[Epiphanius of Salamis|Epiphanius]], bishop of Salamis, wrote ''Panarion'' against heresies
*370-379 [[Basil of Caesarea|Basil the Great]], Bishop of Caesarea
*370? [[Doctrine of Addai]] at Edessa proclaims 17 book NT canon using Diatessaron (instead of the 4 Gospels) + Acts + 15 Pauline Epistles (inc. [[3 Corinthians]]) [[Syriac Orthodox Church]]
*372-394 [[Gregory of Nyssa|Gregory]], Bishop Of Nyssa
*373 [[Ephrem the Syrian]], cited [[Acts of the Apostles#Text|Western Acts]]
*374-397 [[Ambrose]], bishop & governor of [[Milan]]
*375-395 [[Ausonius]], Christian governor of [[Gaul]]
*379-381 [[Gregory Nazianzus]], [[Bishop of Constantinople]]
*380, February 27: Emperor [[Theodosius I]] issues the edict ''De Fide Catolica'' declaring Christianity as the official [[state religion]] of the Roman Empire<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/theodcodeXVI.html Theodosian Code XVI.1.2] Medieval Sourcebook: Banning of Other Religions by Paul Halsall, June 1997, Fordham University, retrieved Septembe 25, 2006; [http://www.gmu.edu/departments/fld/CLASSICS/theod16.html IMPERATORIS THEODOSIANI CODEX Liber Decimus Sextus], Emperor Theodosius, George Mason University retrieved September 25, 2006; Theodosian Code XVI.1.2; [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14577d.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Theodosius I]: "In February, 380, he and [[Gratian]] published the famous edict that all their subjects should profess the faith of the Bishops of Rome and Alexandria ([[Codex Theodosianus|Cod. Theod.]], XVI, I, 2; [[Sozomen]], VII, 4)."</ref>
*380, November 24: Emperor [[Theodosius I]] is baptised.
*381 [[First Council of Constantinople]], 2nd [[ecumenical]], Jesus had true human soul, [[Nicene Creed#The Nicene Creed of 381|Nicene Creed of 381]]
*382 [[Council of Rome]] under [[Pope Damasus I]] sets the [[Biblical Canon]], listing the inspired books of the [[Old Testament]] and the [[New Testament]] (disputed)
*383? [[Frumentius]], Apostle of Ethiopia
*385 [[Priscillian]], first heretic to be executed?
*390? [[Apollinaris of Laodicea|Apollinaris]], bishop of Laodicea, believed Jesus had human body but divine spirit
*391: The [[Theodosius I|Theodosian decrees]] outlaw most [[Paganism|pagan]] rituals still practiced in Rome.
*396-430 [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]], bishop of Hippo, considered the founder of formalized Christian theology ([[Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers]])
*397? [[Saint Ninian]] evangelizes [[Picts]] in [[Scotland]]
*398-404 [[John Chrysostom]] [[Patriarch of Constantinople]], see also [[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople]], (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers)
*400: [[Jerome]]'s [[Vulgate]] Latin edition and translation of the Bible is published.
*400? Ethiopic Bible: in Ge'ez, 81 books, standard [[Ethiopian Orthodox]] Bible
*400? [[Peshitta]] Bible in Syriac (Aramaic), Syr(p), OT + 22 NT, excludes: 2Pt, 2-3Jn, Jude, Rev; standard [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] Bible
*406 Armenian Bible, translated by [[Saint Mesrob]], standard [[Armenian Orthodox]] Bible
*410, 24 August: Sack of Rome by [[Alaric]] and the [[Visigoths]].
*412-444 [[Cyril of Alexandria|Cyril]], bishop of Alexandria, coined [[Hypostatic union]]
*418-419 [[Antipope Eulalius]] rival to [[Pope Boniface I]]
*420 St. [[Jerome]], [[Vulgate#Different versions|Vulgate]] translations, [[Latin]] scholar, cited [[Mark 16#The 'Freer Logion' and 'Expanded' Endings|expanded ending in Mark]] after Mark 16:8, [[Pericope Adulteræ|Pericope of the Adultress]] addition to John (John 7:53-8:11) (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers)
*423-457 [[Theodoret]], bishop of [[Cyrrhus]], noted Tatian's [[Diatesseron]] in heavy use, wrote a [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf203.iv.i.html Church History]
*431 [[Council of Ephesus]], 3rd [[ecumenical]], repudiated [[Nestorianism]], decreed [[Theotokos|Mary the Mother of God]], forbid any changes to [[Nicene Creed#The Nicene Creed of 381|Nicene Creed of 381]], rejected by [[Assyrian Church of the East]]
*432 [[St Patrick]] begins mission in [[Ireland]]. Almost the entire nation is Christian by the time of his death in a conversion that is both incredibly successful and largely bloodless.
*440-461 [[Pope Leo I|Pope Leo the Great]], sometimes considered the first pope, stopped [[Attila the Hun]] at Rome, issued [[Pope Leo I#The Tome|Tome]] in support of [[Hypostatic Union]], approved [[Council of Chalcedon]] but rejected canons in 453
*449 [[Second Council of Ephesus]], [[Monophysite]]: Jesus was divine but not human
*450? [[Codex Alexandrinus]](A): [[Alexandrian text-type]]; [[Codex Bezae]](D): Greek/Latin Gospels + Acts; [[Codex Washingtonianus]](W): Greek Gospels; both of [[Western text-type]]
*450? std. Aramaic [[Targums]], [[Old Testament]] in [[Aramaic]]
*450? [[Socrates Scholasticus]] [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf202.ii.i.html Church History of 305-438]; [[Sozomen]] [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf202.iii.i.html Church History of 323-425]
*451 [[Council of Chalcedon]], 4th [[ecumenical]], declared Jesus is a [[Hypostatic Union]]: both human and divine in one, [[Chalcedonian Creed]], rejected by [[Oriental Orthodoxy]]
*[[455]]: Sack of Rome by the [[Vandal]]s. The spoils of the [[Temple of Herod|Temple of Jerusalem]] previously taken by [[Titus]] are allegedly among the treasures taken to [[Carthage]].
*456? [[Eutyches]] of Constantinople, [[Monophysite]]
*465? [[Prosper of Aquitaine]]
*476, September 4 Emperor [[Romulus Augustus]] is deposed in Rome, marked by many as the [[Fall of Rome|fall of the Western Roman Empire]]
*484-519 [[Acacian Schism]], over [[Henoticon]] divides Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) churches
*491 [[Armenian Orthodox]] split from East (Greek) and West (Latin) churches
*495 May13 [[Vicar of Christ]] decreed a title of Bishop of Rome by [[Pope Gelasius I]]
*496 [[Clovis I]], King of the [[Franks]], baptized
*498-499,501-506 [[Antipope Laurentius]], rival of [[Pope Symmachus]], Laurentian schism
*500? [[Incense]] introduced in Christian church service, first plans of [[Vatican City|Vatican]]
*524 [[Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius|Boethius]], Roman Christian philosopher, wrote: "Theological Tractates", [[Consolation of Philosophy]]; (Loeb Classics) (Latin)
*525 [[Dionysius Exiguus]] defines ''Christian calendar'' (A.D.)
*527 [[Fabius Planciades Fulgentius]]
*530 [[Antipope Dioscorus]], possibly a legitimate Pope
*530 [[Rule of St Benedict]], [[St. Benedict]] founds the [[Benedictines]]
*535-536 Unusual [[Climate changes of 535-536|climate changes]] recorded
*537-555 [[Pope Vigilius]], involved in death of [[Pope Silverius]], conspired with [[Justinian I|Justinian]] and [[Theodora (6th century)|Theodora]], on April 11, 548 issued ''Judicatum'' supporting Justinian's anti-[[Hypostatic Union]], excommunicated by bishops of Carthage in 550
*541-542 [[Plague of Justinian]]
*543 Justinian condemns [[Origen]], disastrous earthquakes hit the world
*544 Justinian [[Three-Chapter Controversy|condemns the Three Chapters]] of [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] (d.428) and other writings of [[Hypostatic Union]] [[Christology]] of [[Council of Chalcedon]]
*550 [[St. David]] converts [[Wales]], [[crucifix]] introduced
*553 [[Second Council of Constantinople]], 5th [[ecumenical]], called by Justinian
*556-561 [[Pope Pelagius I]], selected by Justinian, endorsed ''Judicatum''
*563 [[Columba]] goes to [[Scotland]] to evangelize [[Picts]], establishes [[monastery]] at [[Iona]]
*567 [[Cassiodorus]]
*589 [[Third Council of Toledo]], [[Reccared]] and the [[Visigoths]] convert from [[Arianism]] to Catholicism and [[Filioque clause]] is added to [[Nicene Creed#The Nicene Creed of 381|Nicene Creed of 381]]
*590-604 [[Pope Gregory I|Pope Gregory the Great]], whom many consider the greatest pope ever, reforms church structure and administration and establishes [[Gregorian Chant]], [[Seven deadly sins]] ...
*591-628 [[Theodelinda]], Queen of the [[Lombards]], began gradual conversion from Arianism to Catholicism
*596 [[St. Augustine of Canterbury]] sent by Pope Gregory to evangelise the [[Jutes]]
*600? [[Evagrius Scholasticus]], Church History of AD431-594 [http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/evagrius_0_intro.htm]
*604 [[St Paul's Cathedral]] in [[London]]
*607 [[Pope Boniface III]], first Bishop of Rome to be called "Pope" and "Universal Bishop" by decree of Emperor [[Phocas]]
*609 [[Pantheon, Rome]] renamed Church of Santa Maria Rotonda
*612? [[Bobbio]] monastery in northern [[Italy]]
*613 [[Abbey of St. Gall]] in [[Switzerland]]
*614 [[Khosrau II of Persia]] conquered [[Damascus]], [[Jerusalem]], took [[True Cross#Finding the True Cross|Holy Cross of Christ]]
*624 [[Battle of Badr]], considered beginning of [[Islamic Empire]]
*625 [[Paulinus of York]] comes to convert [[Northumbria]]
*628 [[Babai the Great]], pillar of Assyrian Church of the East, died
*628-629 [[Battle of Mut'ah]], [[Heraclius]] recovered Cross of Christ and Jerusalem from Islam till 638
*632 Eorpwald of [[East Anglia]] baptized under influence of [[Edwin of Northumbria]]
*634-644 [[Umar]], 2nd [[Sunni Islam]] [[Caliph]], capital at Damascus, conquered Syria in 635, defeated Heraclius at [[Battle of Yarmuk]] in 636, conquered Egypt and Armenia in 639, Persia in 642
*635 [[Cynegils of Wessex]] baptized by Bishop [[Birinus]]
*640 [[Library of Alexandria]], "The Center of Western Culture," with 300,000 ancient papyrus scrolls, is completely destroyed.
*664 [[Synod of Whitby]] unites [[Celtic Christianity]] of British Isles with [[Roman Catholicism]]
*680-681 [[Third Council of Constantinople]], 6th [[ecumenical]], against [[Monothelites]], condemned [[Pope Honorius I]], [[Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople]], Heraclius' ''Ecthesis''
*681-686 [[Wilfrid]] converts [[Sussex]]
*687-691 [[Dome of the Rock]] built
*690? [[Old English Bible translations]]
*692 Orthodox [[Quinisext Council]], convoked by [[Justinian II]], approved [[Canons of the Apostles]] of [[Apostolic Constitutions]], [[Clerical celibacy]], rejected by [[Pope Constantine]]
*698 Fall of [[Carthage#Roman Carthage|Carthage]]
*711-718 [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania]]
*717-718 [[Second Arab siege of Constantinople]]
*718-1492 [[Reconquista]], [[Iberian Peninsula]] retaken by [[Christendom]]
*718 [[Saint Boniface]], an Englishman, given commission by [[Pope Gregory II]] to [[evangelize]] the [[Germany|Germans]]
*720? [[Disentis Abbey]] of Switzerland
*730-787 [[Iconoclasm#The first iconoclastic period: 730-787|First Iconoclasm]], Byzantine Emperor [[Leo III the Isaurian|Leo III]] bans Christian [[icon]]s, [[Pope Gregory II]] excommunicates him
*731 [[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum|English Church History]] written by [[Bede]]
*750? Tower added to St Peter's Basilica at the front of the atrium
*752? [[Donation of Constantine]], granted [[Western Roman Empire]] to the Pope, later proved a forgery
*756 [[Donation of Pepin]] recognizes [[Papal States]]
*781 [[Nestorian Stele]], [[Daqin Pagoda]], [[Jesus Sutras]], [[Christianity in China]]
*787 [[Second Council of Nicaea]], 7th [[ecumenical]], ends first Iconoclasm
*793 Sacking of the monastery of [[Lindisfarne]] marks the beginning of [[Viking]] raids on [[Christendom]].
==Middle Ages==
{{seealso|Middle Ages}}
*800 King [[Charlemagne]] of the [[Franks]] is crowned first [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]] of the West by [[Pope Leo III]].
*849-865 [[Ansgar]], [[Archbishopric of Bremen|Archbishop of Bremen]], "Apostle of the North", began evangelisation of North Germany, [[Denmark]], [[Sweden]]
*855 [[Antipope Anastasius]], [[Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor]] appointed him over [[Pope Benedict III]] but popular pressure caused withdrawal
*863 [[Saint Cyril]] and [[Saint Methodius]] sent by the [[Patriarch of Constantinople]] to evangelise the [[Slavic peoples]]. They translate the Bible into [[Old Church Slavonic|Slavonic]].
*869-870 Catholic [[Fourth Council of Constantinople]], condemned Patriarch [[Photius]], rejected by Orthodox
*879-880 Orthodox [[Fourth Council of Constantinople]], restored Photius, condemned [[Pope Nicholas I]] and [[Filioque clause|Filioque]], rejected by Catholics
*897,January [[Cadaver Synod]], [[Pope Stephen VI]] conducts trial against dead [[Pope Formosus]], public uprising against Stephen led to his imprisonment and strangulation
*909 [[Abbey of Cluny]], [[Benedictine]] monastery in France
*948? [[Einsiedeln Abbey]] of Switzerland
*966 [[Mieszko I]] duke of Poland baptised, Poland becomes a Christian country.
*984 [[Antipope Boniface VII]], murdered [[Pope John XIV]], alleged to have murdered [[Pope Benedict VI]] in 974
*988 [[Baptism of Kievan Rus']]
*997-998 [[Antipope John XVI]], deposed by [[Pope Gregory V]] and his cousin [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Otto III]]
*999 Much speculation and fear regarding the approach of the [[Millenarianism|millennium]]
*1001 Byzantine emperor [[Basil II]] and Fatimid Caliph [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] execute a treaty guaranteeing the protection of Christian pilgrimage routes in the Middle East
*1004-1014 Caliph [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] turned violently against his Christian mother and uncles (two of whom were Patriarchs). Persecutes Christians and has over ''thirty thousand Christian churches destroyed'' in the Middle East
*1009 Caliph [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] destroys the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, built over the tomb of Jesus in Jeruselem
*1012 [[Antipope Gregory VI]], removed by [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
*1030 [[Battle of Stiklestad]], considered victory of Christianity over Norwegian Paganism
*1045 [[Sigfrid of Sweden]], Benedictine evangelist
*1046 [[Council of Sutri]], [[Pope Sylvester III]] exiled, [[Pope Gregory VI]] admitted to [[simony|buying the papacy]] and resigned, [[Pope Benedict IX]] resigned, council appointed [[Pope Clement II]]
*1054 [[East-West Schism]] split between Eastern ([[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]]) and Western ([[Roman Catholic]]) churches formalized
*1058-1059 [[Antipope Benedict X]], defeated in war with [[Pope Nicholas II]] and [[Normans]]
*1061-1064 [[Antipope Honorius II]] rival of [[Pope Alexander II]]
*1065 [[Westminster Abbey]] consecrated
*1073-1085 [[Pope Gregory VII]], [[Investiture Controversy]] with [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], proponent of [[Clerical celibacy]], opponent of [[simony]], [[concubinage]], [[Antipope Clement III]]
*1079 [[Stanislaus of Szczepanów]], patron saint of [[Poland]]
*1080 ''Hospital of Saint John the Baptist'' founded in Jeruselem by merchants from Amalfi and Salerno - serves as the foundation for the [[Knights Hospitaller]]
*1082 [[Engelberg Abbey]] of Switzerland
*1093-1109 [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], wrote ''Cur Deus Homo'' (''Why God Became Man''), a landmark exploration of the [[Atonement]]
*1095-1291 10 [[Crusades]], first called by [[Pope Urban II]] at [[Council of Clermont]] against [[Islamic empire]] to reconquer the [[Holy Land]] for [[Christendom]]
*1098 Foundation of the reforming monastery of [[Citeaux]], leads to the growth of the [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] order.
*1101 [[Antipope Theodoric]] and [[Antipope Adalbert]] deposed by [[Pope Paschal II]]
*1113 [[Knights Hospitaller]] confirmed by Papal bull of Pope Paschal II, listing Blessed Gerard ([[Gerard Thom]]) as founder, (a.k.a. Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, Knights of Malta, Knights of Rhodes, and Chevaliers of Malta)
*1118 [[Knights Templar]] founded, to defend Holy Land
*1123 Catholic [[First Lateran Council]]
*1128 [[Holyrood Abbey]] in [[Scotland]]
*1130 [[Peter of Bruys]], [[burned at the stake]]
*1131 [[Tintern Abbey]] in [[Wales]]
*1131-1138 [[Antipope Anacletus II]]
*1139 Catholic [[Second Lateran Council]]
*1140? [[Decretum Gratiani]], Catholic [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Canon law]]
*1142 [[Peter Abélard]], [[Historia Calamitatum|Letters of Abelard and Heloise]]
*1144 The [[Saint Denis Basilica]] of [[Abbot Suger]] is the first major building in the style of [[Gothic architecture]].
*1154-1159 [[Pope Adrian IV]], first (and to date only) English pope
*1155 [[Theotokos of Vladimir]] arrives to [[Bogolyubovo]]
*1155 [[Carmelites]] founded
*1163 [[Notre Dame de Paris]], construction begun
*1173 [[Waldensians]] founded
*1179 Catholic [[Third Lateran Council]]
*1191 [[Teutonic Knights]] founded
*1204-1261 [[Latin Empire]] of Constantinople
*1205 [[Saint Francis of Assisi]] becomes a [[hermit]], founding the [[Franciscan]] order of [[friar]]s, renounces wealth and begins his ministry;
*1214 [[Rosary]] is reportedly given to [[St. Dominic]] (who founded [[Dominican Order]]) by an apparition of Mary
*1215 Catholic [[Fourth Lateran Council]], decreed special dress for Jews and Muslims
*1220-1263 St [[Alexander Nevsky]], holy patron of [[Russia]]
*1231 Charter of the [[University of Paris]] granted by [[Pope Gregory IX]].
*1245 Catholic [[First Council of Lyon]]
*1252 May 15, [[Ad exstirpanda]], [[Pope Innocent IV]] authorized use of [[torture]] in [[Inquisitions]]
*1260 Date which a 1988 Vatican sponsored scientific study places the origin of the [[Shroud of Turin]]
*1263 July 20-24, The [[Disputation of Barcelona]] was held at the royal palace of King James I of Aragon in the presence of the King, his court, and many prominent ecclesiastical dignitaries and knights, between a convert from Judaism to Christianity Dominican Friar [[Pablo Christiani]] and Rabbi [[Nachmanides]]
*1274 [[Summa Theologiae]], written by [[Thomas Aquinas]], theologian and philosopher, landmark systematic theology which later became official Catholic doctrine
*1274 Catholic [[Second Council of Lyon]]
==Renaissance==
{{seealso|Renaissance}}
*1305-1378 [[Avignon Papacy]], Popes reside in Avignon, France
*1311 [[Divine Comedy]], by [[Dante Alighieri]]
*1311-1312 Catholic [[Council of Vienne]], disbanded [[Knights Templar]]
*1313 Foundation of the legendary ''Order of the [[Rose Cross]]'' ([[Rosicrucian]] Order), a mystic Christian fraternity for the first time expounded in the major Christian literary work ''[[The Divine Comedy]]'' <ref>The Rosicrucian Fellowship: ''[http://www.rosicrucian.com/zineen/pamen010.htm The Rosicrucian Interpretation of Christianity]''</ref> <ref>[[Albert Pike]], ''[[Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry]], [http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/morals_and_dogma/table_of_contents.htm XXX: Knight Kadosh]'', p. 822, 1872</ref> <ref>[[René Guénon]], ''[http://www.thule-italia.net/Sitospagnolo/Guenon/Guenon,%20Rene%20-%20El%20esoterismo%20de%20Dante.pdf El Esoterismo de Dante]'', p. 5-6, 14, 15-16, 18-23, 1925</ref> <ref>[[Manly Palmer Hall]], ''[http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/secret_teachings_of_all_ages/table_of_contents.htm The Secret Teachings of All Ages: The Fraternity of The Rose Cross]'', p. 139, 1928</ref>
*1314 [[Jacques de Molay]], last Grandmaster of Knights Templar, [[burned at the stake]]
*1326 [[Metropolitan Peter]] moves his see from [[Kiev]] to [[Moscow]]
*1341-1351 Orthodox [[Fifth Council of Constantinople]]
*1342 [[Marsilius of Padua]]
*1345 [[Sergii Radonezhskii]] founds a hermitage in the woods, which would grow into the [[Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra]]
*1378-1418 [[Western Schism]] in Roman Catholicism
*1380-1382 [[Wyclif's Bible]], by [[John Wycliffe]], eminent theologian at [[Oxford]], NT in 1380, OT (with help of Nicholas of Hereford) in 1382, translations into [[Middle English]], 1st complete translation to English, included [[deuterocanonical]] books, preached against abuses, expressed anti-catholic views of the sacraments ([[Penance]] and [[Eucharist]]), the use of relics, and [[Clerical celibacy]]
*1408 Council of Oxford forbids translations of the Scriptures into the vernacular unless and until they were fully approved by Church authority
*1409 [[Council of Pisa]], declared Roman [[Pope Gregory XII]] and [[Avignon Pope Benedict XIII]] deposed, elected [[Pope Alexander V]] (called the Pisan Pope)
*1414-1418 Catholic [[Council of Constance]], asked Gregory XII, Benedict XIII, [[Antipope John XXIII|Pisan Pope John XXIII]] to resign their papal claims, then elected [[Pope Martin V]]; condemned John Wycliffe and [[Jan Hus]] who was [[burned at the stake]]
*1423-1424 [[Council of Siena]]
*1425 [[Catholic University of Leuven]]
*1430? [[Andrei Rublev]], the greatest of medieval icon-painters
*1431 St. [[Joan of Arc]], French national heroine, [[burned at the stake]]
*1431-1445 Catholic [[Council of Basel|Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence]]
*1439 [[Notre-Dame de Strasbourg]], highest building in the world till 1874
*1453 [[Fall of Constantinople]], overrun by [[Ottoman Empire]]
*1455 [[Gutenberg Bible]], first printed Bible, by [[Johann Gutenberg]]
*1473-1481 [[Sistine Chapel]] built
*1478 [[Spanish Inquisition]] established by [[Pope Sixtus IV]]
*1484 December 5, [[Summis desiderantes]] against [[Witchcraft]] issued by [[Pope Innocent VIII]]
*1498 [[Girolamo Savonarola]], Dominican priest, [[Bonfire of the Vanities]]
*1506 [[Pope Julius II]] orders the Old [[St. Peter's Basilica]] torn down and authorizes Donato Bramante to plan a new structure, demolition completed in 1606, [[Swiss Guard#Vatican Swiss Guard|Vatican Swiss Guard]] founded
*1508-1512 [[Michelangelo]] frescoes the [[Sistine Chapel]]'s vaulted ceiling
*1512-1517 Catholic [[Fifth Council of the Lateran]], condemned [[Conciliarism]]
==Reformation==
{{seealso|Reformation}}
*1517 [[95 Theses]] of [[Martin Luther]] begins German [[Protestant Reformation]]
*1521 [[Diet of Worms]] condemns Luther
*1521 [[Ferdinand Magellan]] claims the [[Philippines]] for Spain, first [[Mass (liturgy)|mass]] and subsequent conversion to Catholicism, first in [[East Asia]]
*1522 [[Martin Luther#Luther's German Bible|Luther's NT]], German NT translation
*1525 [[Anabaptist]] movement begins
*1526 [[William Tyndale#Works|Tyndale's NT]], English NT translation from 1516 [[Textus Receptus|Greek text of Erasmus]], first printed edition, used as a vehicle by Tyndale for bitter attacks on Catholicism, reflects influence of Luther's NT in rejecting [[priest]] for [[Elder (religious)|elder]], [[church]] for [[congregation (worship)|congregation]], banned in 1546 by [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]
*1529 [[Marburg Colloquy]], Luther defends doctrine of Real Presence in discussion with Zwingli.
*1530 [[Augsburg Confession]], Luther founds the [[Lutheran Church]]
*1531 [[Huldrych Zwingli]], Protestant [[Reformation in Switzerland]], independent of Luther
*1531 [[Our Lady of Guadalupe]] in [[Mexico]] According to tradition, when the roses fell from it the icon of the Virgin of Guadalupe appeared imprinted on the cactus cloth. The sudden, extraordinary success of the evangelizing of ten million Indians in the decade of 1531–1541, which constitutes the most successful evangelization ever.
*1534 [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] established independent [[Church of England]], see also [[English Reformation]]
*1534 [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] order founded by [[Ignatius of Loyola]], helped reconvert large areas of Poland, Hungary, and S. Germany and sent missionaries to the New World, India, and China
*1535-1537 [[Myles Coverdale]]'s Bible, used Tyndale's NT along with Latin and German versions, included [[Apocrypha]] at the end of the OT (like Luther's Bible of 1534) as was done in later English versions, 1537 edition received royal license, but banned in 1546 by [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]
*1535 [[Thomas More]] refused to accept [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII's]] claim to be the supreme head of the [[Church of England|Church in England]], and was executed.
*1536 [[Desiderius Erasmus]], Dutch scholar, [[Textus Receptus|Greek NT]] used in many 16th century translations
*1536 [[Tyndale]] put to death, left his OT translation in manuscript, English ecclesiastical authorities ordered his Bible burned because it was thought to be part of Lutheran reform
*1536 [[Institutes of the Christian Religion]] written by [[John Calvin]] ([[Calvinism]])
*1536 [[John of Leiden]], fanatic Dutch Anabaptist
*1536 [[Jacob Hutter]] founder of [[Hutterites]]
*1536 [[Helvetic Confessions]] of the Reformed Churches of Switzerland
*1536-1540 [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] in England, Wales and Ireland
*1537 [[Christian III of Denmark]] decreed Lutheranism state religion of Norway and Denmark
*1537-1551 [[Matthew Bible]], by [[John Rogers (religious)|John Rogers]], based on Tyndale and Coverdale received royal license but not authorized for use in public worship, numerous editions, 1551 edition contained offensive notes (based on Tyndale)
*1536-1541 [[Michelangelo]] paints the Last Judgement
*1539-1569 [[Great Bible]], by [[Thomas Cromwell]], 1st English Bible to be authorized for public use in English churches, defective in many places, based on last Tyndale's NT of 1534-1535, corrected by a Latin version of the Hebrew OT, Latin Bible of Erasmus, and [[Complutensian Polyglot]], last edition 1569, never denounced by England
*1541 [[John Calvin]] returns to [[Geneva]] to establish a [[theocracy]]
*1542 [[Roman Inquisition]] established by [[Pope Paul III]]
*1543 [[List of Parliaments of England#Parliaments of Henry VIII|Parliament of England]] bans Tyndale's translation as a "crafty, false and untrue translation"
*1545-1563 Catholic [[Council of Trent]], counter-reformation against Protestantism, clearly defined an official theology and [[biblical canon]]
*1549 original [[Book of Common Prayer]] of the Church of England by Thomas Cranmer
*1551 The [[Stoglav Church Council]] (One Hundred Chapters) [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]
*1552 [[Joachim Westphal (of Hamburg)|Joachim Westphal]] starts controversy against Calvinist, defending Lutheran doctrine of Real Presence
*1552 [[Francis Xavier]], Jesuit missionary, "Apostle of the Indies"
*1553 [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] founded at [[Vatican City]]
*1553 [[Michael Servetus]] founder of [[Unitarianism]], [[burned at the stake]] in Geneva under Calvin
*1553-1558 Queen [[Mary I of England]] persecuted reformers: [[John Rogers (religious)|John Rogers]], [[Hugh Latimer]], [[Nicholas Ridley]], [[Thomas Cranmer]]; of 238 [[burned at the stake]]
*1555 [[Peace of Augsburg]] gives religious freedom in Germany only to Lutheran Protestants
*1559 Military [[Order of the Golden Spur]] founded by [[Pope Paul IV]]
*1560 [[Geneva Bible]], NT a revision of Matthew's version of Tyndale with use of [[Theodore Beza]]'s NT (1556), OT a thorough revision of Great Bible, appointed to be read in Scotland (but not England), at least 140 editions, first Bible with chapter and verse numbers
*1560 [[Scots Confession]], [[Church of Scotland]], Scottish Reformation
*1560-1598 [[French Wars of Religion]]
*1560-1812 [[Goa Inquisition]], persecution of Hindus and Jews in India, see also [[Christianity in India]]
*1561 [[Menno Simons]] founder of [[Mennonites]]
*1563 [[Thirty-Nine Articles]] of [[Church of England]], also decreed [[Biblical canon]]
*1563 [[Heidelberg Catechism]] of [[Reformed churches]]
*1565-73 ''Examination of the Council of Trent'' by [[Martin Chemnitz]].
*1566 [[Roman Catechism]]
*1569 [[Metropolitan Philip]] of Moscow strangled by [[Malyuta Skuratov]]
*1571 [[Dutch Reformed Church]]
*1571 [[Battle of Lepanto]] saves Christian Europe; [[Pope Pius V]] organizes the Holy League lead by Don Juan de Austria to defend Europe from the larger Islamic Ottoman forces (230 galleys and 56 galliots)
*1572 [[John Knox]], founded Scottish [[Presbyterian]] Church, due to disagreement with Lutherans over sacraments and church government
*1572-1606 [[Bishops' Bible]], a revision of the Great Bible checked against the Hebrew text, 1st to be published in England by episcopal authority
*1579 Discovery of the holiest Russian icon, ''[[Our Lady of Kazan]]''
*1580 [[Book of Concord]] of Lutheranism
*1582 [[St Terese of Avila]]
*1582 [[Gregorian calendar]] adopted at different times in different regions of the world
*1587 [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] expelled Jesuits from [[Kyūshū]]
*1587? Mission Nombre De Dios in [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]], Florida, considered first mission to North America [http://flspmissions.tripod.com/missions/5nombreDeDios.htm]
*1589 [[Patriarch Jove|Metropolitan Jove]] is elected the first [[Patriarch of Moscow]]
*1590 Michelangelo's dome in St Peter's Basilica completed
*1592 [[Vulgate#The Clementine Vulgate|Clementine Vulgate]] of [[Pope Clement VIII]], replaced Sistine Vulgate of 1590, standard Latin Catholic Bible till reforms of the [[Second Vatican Council]]
*1596 [[Ukrainian Catholic Church]] forms when Ukrainian subjects of the king of Poland are reunited with Rome, largest Byzantine Catholic Church
==17th century==
{{seealso|Age of Reason}}
*1600 [[Giordano Bruno]], Dominican priest, [[burned at the stake]]
*1604 [[Fausto Paolo Sozzini]] [[Socinianism]]
*1606 Carlo Maderno redesigns St Peter's Basilica into a Latin cross
*1607 [[Jamestown, Virginia]] founded
*1608 [[Quebec City]] founded by Samuel de Champlain
*1609 [[Baptist]] Church founded by [[John Smyth]], due to objections to infant baptism and demands for church-state separation
*1609-1610 [[Douai Bible|Douay-Rheims Bible]], 1st Catholic English translation, OT published in two volumes, based on an unofficial Louvain text corrected by Sistine Vulgate, NT is Rheims text of 1582
*1611-1800 [[King James Version]] (Authorised Version) is released, based primarily on Wycliffe's work & Bishop's Bible of 1572, translators are accused of being "damnable corrupters of God's word", original included [[Apocrypha]]
*1614 [[Fama Fraternitatis]], the first [[Rosicrucian]] manifesto (may have been in circulation ca. 1610) presenting the "The Fraternity of the [[Rose Cross]]"
*1615 [[Confessio Fraternitatis]], the second Rosicrucian manifesto describing the "Most Honorable Order" as Christian ("''What think you, loving people, and how seem you affected, seeing that you now understand and know, that we acknowledge ourselves truly and sincerely to profess Christ, condemn the Pope, addict ourselves to the true Philosophy, lead a Christian life (...)''".)
*1616 [[Chemical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz]], the third Rosicrucian manifesto (an [[hermeticism|hermetic]] allegory presenting [[alchemy|alchemical]] and Christian elements)
*1618-1648 [[Thirty Years' War]]
*1620 [[Plymouth Colony]] founded
*1621 [[Robert Bellarmine]]
*1622-1642 [[Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu]]
*1630 [[City upon a Hill]], sermon by [[John Winthrop]]
*1634-37 ''[[Confessio catholica]]'' by Lutheran theologian [[Johann Gerhard]]
*1636 Founding of what was later known as [[Harvard University]] as a training school for ministers - the first of thousands of institutions of Christian higher education founded in the USA
*1636-1638 [[Cornelius Jansen]], bishop of Ypres, founder of [[Jansenism]]
*1637-1638 [[Shimabara Rebellion]]
*1638 [[Anne Hutchinson]] banished as a heretic from Massachusetts
*1641 [[John Cotton (puritan)|John Cotton]], advocate of [[theonomy]], helps to establish the social constitution of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]].
*1643 [[Acta Sanctorum]]
*1644 [[Long Parliament]] directed that only Hebrew canon be read in the [[Church of England]] (effectively removed the [[Apocrypha]])
*1646 [[Westminster Standards]] produced by the Assembly, one of the first and undoubtedly the most important and lasting religious document drafted after the reconvention of the Parliament, also decreed [[Biblical canon]]
*1648 [[George Fox]] founds the [[Quaker]] movement
*1650 [[James Ussher]], calculates [[Ussher chronology|date of creation]] as October 23, 4004 B.C.
*1653-56 [[Raskol]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]
*1660-1685 King [[Charles II of England]], restoration of monarchy, continuing through [[James II of England|James II]], reversed decision of Long Parliament of 1644, reinstating the Apocrypha, reversal not heeded by non-conformists
*1666 [[Paul Gerhardt]], Lutheran pastor and hymnwriter is removed from his position as a pastor in [[Nikolaikirche]] in Berlin, when he refuses to accept "syncretistic" edict of the Elector [[Friedrich Wilhelm I of Brandenburg]]
*1672 [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]] [[Synod of Jerusalem]], decreed [[Biblical canon]]
*1675 [[Philipp Jakob Spener]] publishes ''Pia Desideria'', which becomes a manifesto for [[Pietism]]
*1678 [[John Bunyan]] publishes ''[[Pilgrim's Progress]]''
*1682 [[Avvakum]], leader of the [[Old Believers]], [[burned at the stake]] in the Far North of Russia
*1684 [[Roger Williams (theologian)]], advocate of [[Separation of church and state]], founder of Providence, Rhode Island
*1685 [[Edict of Fontainebleau]] outlaws Protestantism in France
*1685 Orthodoxy introduced to [[Beijing]] by [[Russian Orthodox Church]]
*1692 [[Salem witch trials]] in [[Colonial America]]
*1692-1721 [[Chinese Rites controversy]]
*1693 [[Jacob Amman]] founder of [[Amish]]
==18th century==
{{seealso|Age of Enlightenment}}
*1701 [[Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands]] splits with Roman Catholicism
*1707 ''Examen theologicum acroamaticum'' by [[David Hollatz (dogmatician)|David Hollatz]]: the last great work of the Lutheran doctrine before the Age of Enlightenment
*1718-22 orthodox Lutheran [[Valentin Ernst Löscher]] publishes ''The Complete Timotheus Verinus'' against Pietism
*1721 [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] substituted Moscow Patriarchate with the [[Holy Synod]]
*1728 [[The Vicar of Bray (song)]]
*1730-1749 [[First Great Awakening]] in U.S.
*1735 [[Welsh Methodist revival]]
*1738 [[Methodism|Methodist movement]], led by [[John Wesley]] and his hymn-writing brother [[Charles Wesley|Charles]], begins
*1741 [[Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God]], famous [[Fire and brimstone]] sermon
*1754 [[An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture]], by [[Isaac Newton]], published
*1767-1815 [[Suppression of the Jesuits]]
*1768 [[New Smyrna, Florida]], Greek Orthodox colony founded
*1768 [[Hermann Samuel Reimarus|Reimarus]] dies without publishing his radical critic work distinguishing Historical Jesus versus Christ of Faith
*1769 [[Mission San Diego de Alcala]], first California mission
*1771 [[Emanuel Swedenborg]], published his "Universal Theology of the True Christian Religion" which would later used by others to found [[Swedenborgianism]] <ref>[http://www.emanuelswedenborg.org/2006/10/18/the-works-of-emanuel-swedenborg-in-chronological-order/ The Works of Emanuel Swedenborg in Chronological Order ]</ref>
*1774 [[Ann Lee]] leader of American [[Shakers]]
*1774 [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]] starts publishing Reimarus works on historical Jesus as Anonymous Fragments, starting Liberal Theology Era (in [[Christology]])
*1776-1788 [[Edward Gibbon|Gibbon's]] [[The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire]], critical of Christianity
*1776 [[Mission San Francisco de Asis|Mission Dolores]], San Francisco
*1779 [[Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom]], "Jesus never coerced anyone to follow him, and the imposition of a religion by government officials is impious"
*1780 [[Robert Raikes]] begins [[Sunday school]]s to reach poor and uneducated children in England
*1784 American Methodists form [[Methodist Episcopal Church]] at so-called "Christmas Conference", led by bishops [[Thomas Coke (Methodist)|Thomas Coke]] and [[Francis Asbury]]
*1784 Roman Catholicism is re-introduced in [[Korea]] and disseminates after almost 200 years since its first introduction in 1593.
*1789-1815 [[John Carroll (priest)|John Carroll]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore]], first Roman Catholic US bishop
*1789-1801 [[Dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution]]
*1791 [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution]]
*1793 [[Herman of Alaska]] brings Orthodoxy to Alaska
*1795 [[The Age of Reason]] written by Thomas Paine, advocated Deism
*1796 [[Treaty with Tripoli (1796)]], article 11: "the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion"
==19th century==
{{seealso|Industrial Revolution}}
*1800 [[Friedrich Schleiermacher]] publishes his first book, beginning [[Liberal Christianity]] movement
*1801 [[Cane Ridge, Kentucky]]
*1811 The Campbells begin [[Restoration Movement]]
*1815 [[Peter the Aleut]], orthodox Christian tortured and martyred in Catholic San Francisco, California
*1816 Bishop [[Richard Allen (reverend)|Richard Allen]], a former slave, founds the [[Methodism|African Methodist Episcopal Church]], the first African-American denomination
*1817 [[Claus Harms]] publishes 95 theses against [[rationalism (theology)|rationalism]] and [[Prussian Union (Evangelical Christian Church)|Prussian Union]]
*1819 [[Thomas Jefferson]] produced the [[Jefferson Bible]]
*1824 English translation of [[Wilhelm Gesenius]]' ''...Handwörterbuch...'': Hebrew-English Lexicon, Hendrickson Publishers
*1827 [[Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg]] takes on the editorship of the ''Evangelische Kirchenzeitung'', the chief literary organ of the [[Neo-Lutheranism]]
*1828 [[Plymouth Brethren]] founded, [[Dispensationalism]]
*1830 [[Catherine Laboure]] receives [[Miraculous Medal]] from the Blessed Mother in Paris, France.
*1830 [[Charles Finney]]'s [[Revivalism|revivals]] lead to [[Second Great Awakening]] in America
*1830, [[April 6]] [[Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] ([[Mormonism]]) founded by [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]] as a result of reported visitations and commandment by [[God the Father]], [[Jesus Christ]], and later the [[Angel Moroni]]. [[Book of Mormon]] also published in 1830.
*1832 [[Church of Christ (Disciples)]] organized, made up of Presbyterians in distress over Protestant factionalism and decline of fervor
*1832 persecution of [[Old Lutherans]]: by a royal decree of 28 Feb. all Lutheran worship is declared illegal in Prussia in favour of [[Prussian Union (Evangelical Christian Church)|Prussian Union]] [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05642a.htm].
*1833 John Keble's sermon "National Apostasy" initiates the [[Oxford Movement]] in England
*1838-1839 Saxon Lutherans objecting to [[rationalism (theology)|theological rationalism]] emigrate from Germany to the United States; settle in Perry County, Missouri. Leads to formation of the [[Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod|LC-MS]]
*1843, [[Disruption of 1843|Disruption of]]: schism within the [[State religion|established]] [[Church of Scotland]]
*1844 [[Lars Levi Laestadius]] experiences awakening: beginning of [[laestadianism]]
*1844, [[October 22]] [[Great Disappointment]], false prediction of [[Second Coming#Christianity|Second Coming of Christ]] by [[Millerites]]
*1845 [[Southern Baptist Convention]] formed in Augusta, Georgia
*1846 [[Bernadette Soubirous]] received the first of 18 apparitions of [[Our Lady of Lourdes]] in Lourdes, France.
*1848 [[Epistle to the Easterns]] and [[Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs]] response
*1848 [[Perfectionist movement]] in western [[New York state]]
*1854 Missionary [[Hudson Taylor]] arrives in China
*1854 [[Immaculate Conception]], defined as Catholic dogma
*1855 [[Søren Kierkegaard]], founder of [[Christian existentialism]]
*1863 [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] officially formed twenty 20 years after the [[Great Disappointment]]
*1865 Methodist preacher [[William Booth]] founds the [[Salvation Army]], vowing to bring the gospel into the streets to the most desperate and needy
*1869-1870 Catholic [[First Vatican Council]], asserted doctrine of [[Papal Infallibility]], rejected by [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland]]
*1870 Italy declared war on the [[Papal States]]. The Italian Army enters Rome. Papal States ceased to exist.
*1871 Pontmain, France was saved from advancing German troops with the appearing of [[Our Lady of Hope]]
*1871-1878 German [[Kulturkampf]] against Roman Catholicism
*1879 [[Knock, Ireland]] was location of the apparition of [[Our Lady, Queen of Ireland]].
*1879 [[Church of Christ, Scientist]] founded in Boston by [[Mary Baker Eddy]]
*1881-1894 [[Revised Version]], called for by Church of England, used Greek based on [[Septuagint]] (B) and (S), Hebrew [[Masoretic Text]] used in OT, follows Greek order of words, greater accuracy than [[AV]], includes [[Apocrypha]], scholarship never disputed
*1884 [[Charles Taze Russell]] founded [[Bible Student movement]] known today as [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]
*1885 [[Baltimore Catechism]]
*1886 [[Moody Bible Institute]]
*1894 [[The Kingdom of God is Within You]], by [[Leo Tolstoy]], start of [[Christian anarchism]]
*1897 [[Christian flag]], conceived in Brooklyn, New York
*1899 [[Gideons International]] founded
==20th century==
*1904 [[Welsh revival]]
*[[1905 French law on the separation of Church and State]]
*1906 [[Albert Schweitzer]] publishes ''The Quest of the Historical Jesus'' (English translation 1910)
*1906 [[Biblia Hebraica]]
*1906-1909 [[Azusa Street Revival]] in Los Angeles, CA begins modern [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal movement]]
*1907-1912 [[Nicholas of Japan]], Archbishop of [[Japanese Orthodox Church]]
*1909 [[Scofield Reference Bible]]
*1909-1911 [[The Rosicrucian Fellowship]], an international association of [[Esoteric Christianity|Esoteric Christian mystics]], founded at [[Mount Ecclesia]]
*1910 [[Edinburgh Missionary Conference]] launches modern [[Mission (Christian)|missions movement]] and modern [[Christian ecumenism|ecumenical movement]]; 5-point statement of the Presbyterian General Assembly, also used by Fundamentalists
*1910-1915 The [[Fundamentals]], a 12-volume collection of essays by 64 British and American scholars and preachers, a foundation of [[Fundamentalism]]
*1913 [[Catholic Encyclopedia]]
*1914 [[Welsh Church Act 1914]]
*1914 [[Iglesia ni Cristo]] incorporated in the Philippines
*1915-1917 [[Armenian Genocide]]
*1916 [[Father Divine]] founded [[International Peace Mission movement]]
*1916 [[And did those feet in ancient time]]
*1917 [[Heinrich Hansen]] publishes [[Lutheran]] [[High Church Lutheranism|Evangelical Catholic]] theses [[Stimuli et Clavi]]
*1917 [[Our Lady]] appear [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_apparitions] to 3 young people, in Fatima, [[Portugal]]. They were Jacinta Marto, Tiago Veloso and Lúcia (Sister Lucia)
*1917 [[Miracle of the Sun]] an event that was witnessed by as many as 100,000 people on 13 October 1917 in the Cova da Iria fields near Fátima, Portugal. How the Sun Danced at Midday at Fátima[http://www.portcult.com/FAT.12.NEWSPAPER.2.htm][http://www.theholyrosary.org/]
*1917 Restitution of the [[Moscow Patriarchy]] with [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]] as patriarch
*1917 [[True Jesus Church]] founded in [[Beijing]]
*1918 Execution of Holy Martyrs of Russia, including the last tsar, [[Nicholas II]], and his wife, [[Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse|Alexandra Feodorovna]]
*1919 [[Karl Barth]]'s ''Commentary on Romans'' is published, critiquing [[Liberal Christianity]] and beginning the [[Neo-orthodoxy|neo-orthodox movement]]
*1920 [[Mount Ecclesia|The Ecclesia]], an [[Esoteric Christianity|Esoteric Christian]] Temple, was erected and dedicated on [[Christmas]] day ([[December 25]])
*1921 [[Oxford Group]] founded at Oxford
*1923 [[Aimee Semple McPherson]] built [[Angelus Temple]]
*1925 [[Scopes Trial]], caused division among Fundamentalists
*1925 [[United Church of Canada]] formed
*1926 Father [[Charles Coughlin]]'s first radio broadcast
*1926-1929 [[Cristero War]] in Mexico, the Constitution of 1917 brought persecution of Christian practices and anti-clerical laws - approximately 4,000 Catholic Priests were expelled, assassinated or executed
*1927 [[Pope Pius XI]] decrees [[Comma Johanneum]] open to dispute
*1929 [[Lateran Treaty]] signed containing three agreements between kingdom of Italy and the papacy.
*1930 [[Rastafari movement]] founded
*1931 [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] founded see 1884 for more information.
*1931 [[Christ the Redeemer (statue)]] in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
*1932 [[Our Lady]] appeared [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_apparitions] to five school children in [[Beauraing]], Belgium as Lady Virgin of the Poor [http://www.marypages.com/beauraingEng.htm] [http://www.banneux-nd.be/]
*1933 [[Catholic Worker Movement]] founded
*1934 [[Herbert W. Armstrong]] founded [[Radio Church of God]]
*1935 [[Gunnar Rosendal]] publishes [[High Church Lutheran|Lutheran High Church]] manifesto ''[[Kyrklig förnyelse]]''
*1935 Dr. [[Frank C. Laubach]], known as "The Apostle to the Illiterates." working in the [[Philippines]], developed a literacy program that continues to teach millions of people to read.
*1935 Rahlf's critical edition of the [[Koine Greek]] [[Septuagint]]
*1935 [[Billy Sunday]], early U.S. radio evangelist
*1939 Southern and Northern US branches of the Methodist Episcopal Church, along with the Methodist Protestant Church reunite to form [[The Methodist Church (USA)|The Methodist Church]]. Slavery had divided the church in the 1800s.
*1940 [[Monumento Nacional de Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caidos]], world's largest cross, 152.4 meters high
*1942 [[National Association of Evangelicals]] founded\
*1945 On the [[Feast of the Annunciation]], [[Our Lady]] appeared to a simple woman, Ida Peerdeman, in Amsterdam. This was the first of 56 appearances as "Our Lady of All Nations" [http://www.laudate.org/] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_apparition], which took place between 1945 and 1959.
*1945 [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]] is executed by the Nazis
*1945 [[Ludwig Müller]]
*1945 The [[Nag Hammadi library]] is discovered.
*1946-1952 [[Revised Standard Version]], revision of AV "based on consonantal Hebrew text" for OT and best available texts for NT, done in response to changes in English usage
*1947 ''Uneasy Conscience of Modern Fundamentalism'' by [[Carl F. H. Henry]], a landmark of Evangelicalism versus Fundamentalism in US
*1947 [[Oral Roberts]] founded Evangelistic Association
*1947 [[Dead Sea scrolls]] discovered
*1948 [[World Council of Churches]] is founded
*1948 [[Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel]], see also [[Christian Zionism]]
*1949 evangelist [[Billy Graham]] preaches his first Los Angeles crusade
*1950 ''New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures'' released
*1950 [[Assumption of Mary]] decreed by [[Pope Pius XII]]
*1950 [[Missionaries of Charity]] founded by [[Mother Teresa]]
*1951 Bishop [[Fulton Sheen]] (1919-1979) debutes his television program ''[[Life is Worth Living]]'' on the [[DuMont Television Network|DuMont Network]]. His half hour lecture program on [[Roman Catholic theology]] remained the number one show on [[U.S.]] television for its time slot, winning several [[Emmy]]s until Sheen ended the program in 1957.
*1951 ''The Last Temptation'' a fictional account of the life of Jesus written by [[Nikos Kazantzakis]], wherein Christ's divinity is juxtaposed with his humanity, is published, and promptly banned in many countries.
*1951 [[Campus Crusade for Christ]] founded at [[UCLA]]
*1952 [[Novum Testamentum Graece]], critical edition of Greek NT, basis of modern translations
*1952 [[C. S. Lewis]]' [[Mere Christianity]]
*1954 [[Unification Church]] founded under the name Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity, acronymed HSA-UWC.
*1954 U.S. [[Pledge of Allegiance]] modified by act of Congress from "one nation, indivisible" to "one nation under God, indivisible"
*1956 [[In God We Trust]] designated U.S. national motto
*1956 [[Anchor Bible Series]]
*1956 [[The Ten Commandments (1956 film)]]
*1957 [[United Church of Christ]] founded by ecumenical union of Congregationalists and Evangelical & Reformed, representing Calvinists and Lutherans
*1957 English translation of [[Walter Bauer]]'s ''Wörterbuch ...'': A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, University of Chicago Press
*1958 [[Sedevacantism]]
*1959 [[Family Radio]] founded
*1961 [[New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures]]
*1961 [[Christian Broadcasting Network]] founded
*1962 [[Engel v. Vitale]], first U.S. Supreme Court decision against [[School prayer]]
*1962-1965 Catholic [[Second Vatican Council]], announced by [[Pope John XXIII]] in 1959, produced 16 documents which became official Roman Catholic teaching after approval by the Pope, purpose to renew "ourselves and the flocks committed to us"
*1963 [[Martin Luther King]] leads a civil rights march in [[Washington, D.C.]]
*1963 campaign by [[Madalyn Murray O'Hair]] results in U.S. Supreme Court ruling prohibiting reading of Bible in public schools
*1963 [[Oral Roberts University]] founded
*1965 Reginald H. Fuller's [[Reginald H. Fuller#The Foundations of New Testament Christology (1965)|''The Foundations of New Testament Christology'']]
*1965 [[Rousas John Rushdoony]] founds [[Chalcedon Foundation]]
*1966 [[Raymond E. Brown]]'s ''Commentary on the Gospel of John''
*1968 Zeitoun, Egypt, a bright image of the Virgin Mary as [[Our Lady of Zeitoun]] was seen over the Coptic Orthodox Church of Saint Demiana for over a 3 year period. Over six million Egyptians and foreigners saw the image, including Copts, Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Protestants, Muslims, Jews and people of no particular faith.
*1968 [[United Methodist Church]] formed with union of Methodist Church & Evangelical United Brethren Church, becoming the largest [[Methodism|Methodist/Wesleyan]] church in the world
*1970s The [[Jesus movement]] takes hold in the U.S. [http://www.one-way.org One-way.org]
*1970 [[Mass of Paul VI]] replaces [[Tridentine Mass]]
*1970 [[The Late, Great Planet Earth]] futurist book by Hal Lindsey
*1970? [[Chick Publications]]
*1971 [[New American Standard Bible]]
*1971 ''[[The Exorcist]]'', a novel of [[demonic possession]] and the mysteries of the [[Catholic]] faith, is published.
*1971 [[Liberty University]] founded by Jerry Falwell
*1973 On June 12, 1973, near the city of [[Akita, Akita|Akita]], [[Our Lady]] appeared to Sister Agnes Katsuko Sasagawa. Three messages were given to Sr. Agnes over a period 5 months. Our Lady of Akita [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_apparitions][http://www.newjerusalem.com/akita1.htm].
*1973 [[Trinity Broadcasting Network]] founded
*1973 [[New International Version]] of the Bible is first published (revised in 1978,1984), using a variety of Greek texts, Masoretic Hebrew texts, and current English style
*1974 [[Jim Bakker]] founds PTL television ministry
*1975 [[Bruce Metzger]]'s ''Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament''
*1976 [[Anneliese Michel]], Bavarian woman, underwent [[exorcism]] against demon possession
*1977 [[New Perspective on Paul]]
*1977 [[Focus on the Family]] founded by [[James Dobson]]
*1978 [[Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy]]
*1978-2005 [[Pope John Paul II]], reaffirmed moral traditions (''The Splendor of Truth'')
*1979 [[Moral Majority]] founded by Jerry Falwell
*1979 [[Jesus (1979 film)]], most watched movie of all time according to New York Times
*1979-1982? [[New King James Version]], complete revision of 1611 AV, updates archaisms while retaining style
*1981 [[Kibeho]], Rwanda reported that [[Our Lady]] appeared to several teenages telling them to pray to avoid "rivers of blood" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_apparitions][http://faithofthefathersapparitions.blogspot.com/2006/03/our-lady-of-kibeho.html]. This was an ominious foreshadowing of the Rwanda Genocide of 1994. [http://www.motherofallpeoples.com/index.php/Marian-Private-Revelation/Our-Lady-of-Kibeho-Apparitions-in-Rwanda.html]
*1981 [[Mother Angelica]] launches [[EWTN]]. It grows to become one of the largest television networks in the world. The operation expands to radio in 1992.
*1982 Chicago Statement on Biblical Hermeneutics
*1985 [[Jesus Seminar]] founded
*1985 [[E. P. Sanders]]' ''Jesus and Judaism''
*1986 Chicago Statement on Biblical Application
*1987 Danver's Statement - Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
*1988 [[Christian Coalition of America|Christian Coalition]]
*1988 [[The Last Temptation of Christ]], directed by [[Martin Scorsese]], is released by [[Universal Pictures]], and promptly attacked as heretical by organized Christian and Catholic groups.
*1988 The celebration of 1000 years since the [[baptism of Kievan Rus]] throughout the R.O.C.
*1989 [[New Revised Standard Version]]
*1990 [[American Center for Law and Justice]] founded
*1991 John P. Meier's series [[John P. Meier#A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus|''A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus'']], v. 1
*1992 [[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]
*1994 "Evangelicals & Catholics Together" [http://www.leaderu.com/ftissues/ft9405/articles/mission.html]
*1994 [[Porvoo Communion]]
*1994 [[Answers In Genesis]] founded by Ken Ham
*1994,July 3rd- Glorification of St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco
*1996 Cambridge Declaration - Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals [http://www.alliancenet.org/]
*1997, Mar 5-10 [http://wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/faith/easter.html World Council of Churches: Towards a Common Date for Easter], see also [[Reform of the date of Easter]]
*1998, April 6 [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/ PBS Frontline: From Jesus to Christ]
*1999 [http://www.ihop.org International House of Prayer] in Kansas City begins non-stop 24/7 [[continual prayer]]
*1999, Oct 31 signing of the [[Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification]] between the Lutheran World Federation and the Catholic Church
*1999 Gospel of Jesus Christ - An Evangelical Celebration; a consensus Gospel endorsed by various evangelical leaders including J.I. Packer, John Ankerberg, Jerry Falwell, Thomas C. Oden, R.C. Sproul, Wayne Grudem, Charles Swindoll, et al.
==21st century==
*2000 [[Our Lady]] appears in [[Assiut]], Upper Egypt [http://www.zeitun-eg.org/iol31-8.htm]; phenomena associated to Our Lady reported again, in 2006, in a Church at the same location during the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] [http://www.zeitun-eg.org/assiut2006.htm]. Local Coptic priests and then the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]] of Assiut issue statements in 2000 and 2006, respectively
*2001 [[The Way of the Master]] founded
*2003 [[Dan Brown]] writes ''[[The Da Vinci Code]]'', made into a film in 2006; both the book and the film are criticized because of historical inaccuracy of the life of Jesus and history of the early Church.
*2003 the [[Mission Province]] is established in [[Church of Sweden]]: new era for [[confessional Lutheran]]ism in Scandinavia.
*2004 [[Mel Gibson]]'s film ''[[The Passion of the Christ]]'' is released
*2005 Death of Pope [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]], election of Pope [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]]
*2006, July 18 [[World Methodist Council]] voted unanimously to adopt the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification [http://www.umc.org/site/c.gjJTJbMUIuE/b.1863123/k.FF49/World_Methodists_approve_further_ecumenical_dialogue.htm] [http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0604186.htm]
*2006 [[Gospel of Judas]] a 2nd century Gnostic account of Judas is shown on TV (discovered in the 1970s)
*2007 The [[Creation Museum]] opens in Kentucky USA.
*2007-[[May 17th]] The Reunification of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] after 80 years of a schism
* 2008 Conservative [[Anglican Church|Anglicans]] indicate that they plan to split from liberal Anglicans in "The Jerusalem Declaration" [http://corner.nationalreview.com/post/?q=NGFhZmZkNGVkYTM5ZjkyNzI1MTUyNjg3M2ZkOTk4NDg=]
==Sources==
*World Almanac and Book of Facts
*Academic American Encyclopedia (on Compuserve)
*Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary
*English Versions of the Bible by John Berchmans Dockery O.F.M.
*[http://www.cwo.com/~pentrack/catholic/chron.html David Pentrack's "Et Cum Spiritu Tuo" website]
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03731a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Biblical Chronology]
==See also==
*[[History of Christian Missions|Timeline of Christian Missions]]
*[[History of ancient Israel and Judah]]
*[[Christianity: The First Two Thousand Years]]
*[[Chronology of the Bible]]
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History OrthodoxWiki: Timeline of Church History] (from the Orthodox POV)
*[http://saintignatiuschurch.org/timeline.html St. Ignatius Church: Timeline] (from the Orthodox POV)
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08344a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Jerusalem (Before A.D. 71)]
*[http://home.snu.edu/~HCULBERT/line.htm Missions time line] - Important events, locations, people and movements in World Evangelism
{{Christian History}}
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[[Category:Christianity of the Middle Ages]]
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[[simple:Timeline of Christianity]]
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