Timeline of Mongolian history 84792 217856600 2008-06-08T00:46:31Z SmackBot 433328 Date the maintenance tags or general fixes {{History_of_Mongolia}} ==Manchu Era== {{Expand|date=June 2008}} *1620s and -30s: [[Ligden Khan]], the last Mongol Great Khan, aims to create a new empire by centralizing control over the various Mongol tribes, but alienates a number of Eastern Mongol tribes who go over to the [[Manchu]]. *[[1632]]: Ligden sets out to [[Tibet]], to evade the Manchu and destroy the [[Gelugpa|Yellow Sect]]. *[[1634]]: Ligden dies at the [[Lake Qinghai|Köke nur]]. *[[1636]]: Most Southern Mongolian tribes submit to the Manchu, [[Qing Dynasty]] founded. *[[1640]]: [[Zanabazar]], son of the [[Tüsheet Khan]] of the [[Khalkha]], is recognized as the first [[Jebtsundamba Khutughtu]]. *[[1688]]: conflict between the [[Dzungars]] on one hand and the Tüsheet Khan and [[Setsen Khan]] on the other leads to the almost complete conquest of the Khalkha domains by the Dzungars. Khalkha nobles flee to Southern Mongolia. *[[1691]]: Khalkha nobles submit to the Manchu. *[[1696]]: Manchu and Khalkha reconquer the Khalkha domains. *[[1756]]/[[1757|57]]: Destruction of the Dzungars, failed rebellions [[Amursana]] and [[Chingünjav]]. *beginning ca. [[1907]]: Implementation of new, sinification-oriented policies by the Qing government. ==Modern Era== *[[December 1st]], [[1911]]: Mongolia declares independence from [[Qing Dynasty]] under the [[Bogd Khan|Eighth Jebtsundamba Khutugtu]]. *[[December 29th]], [[1911]]: Bogdo Khanate of Mongolia is proclaimed and [[Bogd Khan|Eighth Jebtsundamba Khutugtu]] is enthroned as Bogd Khan. *[[1915]]: Russia, China and Mongolia sign [[Kyakhta]] (or Khiagt) treaty about Chinese suzerainty over an autonomous Mongolia. *[[1919]]: Mongolia occupied by the [[Republic of China]]. *February [[1921]]: [[Roman Ungern von Sternberg|Baron Ungern]] drives Chinese troops out of [[Ulan Bator|Urga]] and becomes Mongolian [[dictator]]. *[[March 13]], 1921: Ungern declares independence of Mongolia. *[[March 18]], 1921: partisans headed by [[Damdin Sükhbaatar]] defeat the Chinese garrison in the Mongolian part of [[Kyakhta|Khiagt]] *Spring-Summer 1921: [[Damdin Sükhbaatar]] with support from the [[Red Army]] defeats Ungern's forces in Mongolia. *[[November 26th]], [[1924]]: After the death of the [[Bogd Khan]], the [[Mongolian People's Republic]] is declared. *[[1928]]-[[1932]]: Failed attempts of collectivization lead to widespread uprisings and give way to a temporary thaw. *[[1937]]-[[1939]]: [[Stalinist purges in Mongolia|Stalinist terror]] leads to the death of about 30.000 people. *May-[[September 16]], [[1939]]: Large scale fighting takes place between [[Japan]]ese and Soviet-Mongolian forces along [[Khalkhyn Gol]] on Mongolia-Manchuria border ([[Battle of Khalkhyn Gol]]), ending in defeat of the Japanese [[Kwantung Army|Guandong Army]]. Truce negotiated between U.S.S.R. and [[Japan]]. *August [[1945]]: Mongolia declares war on Japan, one day after the USSR. Mongolian troops take part in the occupation of [[Inner Mongolia]], at that time controlled by the pro-Japanese [[Mengjiang]] regime. [[Republic of China]] agrees to recognize Mongolia's independence provided that a [[plebiscite]] be held. *October [[1945]]: Plebiscite yields a 100% pro-independence vote. *[[October 6]], [[1949]]: Newly established [[People's Republic of China]] recognizes Mongolia and agrees to establish diplomatic relations. *late 1950s: Herds are collectivized again, this time successfully. *[[1961]]: [[Trans-Mongolian Railway]] finished. *October [[1961]]: Mongolia becomes a member of the [[United Nations]]. *[[1962]]: Mongolia becomes member of the [[COMECON]]. *[[1965]]: Yu. Tsedenbal purges intelligentsia. *March [[1981]]: [[Zhugderdemidiyn Gurragcha|Gurragchaa]] becomes the first Mongolian in Space. *August [[1984]]: Resignation of Yu. Tsedenbal. *[[January 27]], [[1987]]: Diplomatic relations established with the [[United States]]. *December [[1989]]: First popular reform demonstrations. [[Mongolian Democratic Association]] organized. *January [[1990]]: Large-scale pro-democracy demonstrations held in sub-zero weather. *[[March 2]], [[1990]]: Soviets and Mongolians announce that all Soviet troops will be withdrawn from Mongolia by 1992. *May [[1990]]: Constitution amended to provide for multi-party system and new elections. *[[July 29]], [[1990]]: First democratic elections held. Ex-communist [[Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]] (MPRP) wins *[[September 3]], [[1990]]: First democratically elected People's Great Hural takes office. *[[January 13]], [[1992]]: New constitution goes into effect. *[[April 8]], [[1992]]: New election law passed. *[[June 28]], [[1992]]: Election for the first unicameral legislature (State Great Hural). MPRP wins *[[June 6]], [[1993]]: First direct presidential election. Opposition candidate [[Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat|Ochirbat]], a former MPRP member, wins. *[[June 30]], [[1996]]: Election of first non-communist government. *[[1998]]: murder of [[Sanjaasürengiin Zorig|Zorig]], minister of infrastructure and one of the leaders of the 1990 protests. *[[July 2]], [[2000]]: Election of the former communist [[Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]] (MPRP); formation of new government by Prime Minister [[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]]. *[[2003]]: Mongolian troops begin taking part in peace keeping operations in [[Afghanistan]], [[Iraq]] and [[Sudan]]. *[[2004]]: Election leads to a draw. Coalition formed between MPRP and other parties, headed by [[Tsakhia Elbegdorj|Elbegdorj]], but dissolved by MPRP in January 2006. New coalition between MPRP and smaller parties and defectors formed under [[Miyeegombyn Enkhbold|Enkhbold]] on January 25th, 2006, but dissolved by MPRP in October/November 2007. Another Coalition formed under [[Sanjaagiin Bayar]] on November 22nd, 2007. == See also == * [[History of Mongolia]] * [[Mongolian nobility]] [[Category:History of Mongolia]] [[Category:National timelines|Mongolia]] [[Category:Mongolia-related lists]]