Timeline of entomology - post 1900
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[[Image:Finlay Carlos 1833-1915.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Juan Carlos Finlay]]
[[1900]]
*[[Walter Reed]], a [[United States Army]] major, was appointed president of a board "to study infectious diseases in [[Cuba]] paying particular attention to yellow fever." He concurred with [[Carlos Finlay]] in idenitifying [[mosquitoes]] as the agent.
*[[Ignacio Bolívar|Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia]] publishes ''y Catálogo sinóptico de los ortópteros de la fauna ibérica''.
*[[Kálmán Kertész]] , [[Mario Bezzi]], [[Paul Stein (entomologist)]] and [[Theodor Becker]] published the first part of a [[Palaearctic]] Catalogue of Diptera ''Katalog der Paläarktischen dipteren'' in Budapest.
[[1901]]
* [[William Francis de Vismes Kane]] ''A catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland''-the third (and first comprehensive) catalogue of the Irish macrolepidoptera.
*[[Augustus Daniel Imms]] ''General textbook of Entomology'' published. 10th revised edition (1977) still one of the most widely used of all insect texts.
*[[Thomas Hunt Morgan]] is the first to conduct genetic research with the fruit fly ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]''. In the Fly Room at [[Columbia University]].
[[1902]]
*[[Ronald Ross]] gained [[Nobel Prize for Medicine]] for his discovery that [[malaria]] is carried by mosquitoes.The awarding committee made special mention of the work of [[Giovanni Battista Grassi]] on the life history of the [[Plasmodium]] parasite.
*[[Charles W. Woodworth]] ''A List of the Insects of California'' published.
*[[Philogene Auguste Galilee Wytsman]] started ''Genera Insectorum'' , a multi-authored series that consisted of 219 issues, the last occurring in 1970.
*[[Otto Schmiedeknecht]]''Opuscula Ichneumonologica''. Blankenburg.
*[[William Morton Wheeler]] appointed curator of invertebrate zoology in the [[American Museum of Natural History]] , New York
[[1905]]
*[[Adolfo Lutz]] Beitraege zur Kenntniss der brasilianischen Tabaniden. ''Rev. Soc. Sci. São Paulo'' 1: 19-32, published
*[[Raphaël Blanchard]] ''Les moustiques. Histoire naturelle et médicale'' Paris, F.R. de Rudeval, published.
[[1906]]
*[[Adalbert Seitz]] , ''Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde'' commenced. This vast work on [[Lepidoptera]] was published in German, English and French. It contained colour plates of all important species.
[[1907]]
*[[William Lundbeck]] ''Diptera Danica. Genera and species of flies Hitherto found in Denmark'' commenced.
*[[Herbert Druce]] On Neotropical Lycaenidae, with Descriptions of New Species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.
*[[Henry Christopher McCook]] ''Nature's Craftsmen: Popular Studies of Ants and Other Insects''.
*[[Lajos Abafi]] ''Magyarország lepkéi'' (butterflies of Hungary)1907
[[1908]]
*[[Edmund Reitter]] ''Fauna Germanica - Die Käfer des Deutschen Reiches''commenced. This five volume masterwork remains in use today, almost 100 years from its inception.
[[1909]]
*[[George Henry Verrall]] ''Stratiomyidae and succeeding families of the Diptera Brachycera of Great Britain''- ''British flies'' published.
*[[Carlos Chagas]] observed the peculiar infestation of rural houses in [[Brazil]] with [[Triatoma]], a "kissing" bug, later demonstrating that it was the vector of ''Trypanosoma cruzi'', and he was able to prove experimentally that it could be transmitted to [[marmoset]] monkeys that were bitten by the infected bug. His description of the new disease was to become a classic in medicine and brought him domestic and international distinction.
*[[Charles Nicolle]] reasoned that it was most likely [[lice]] that were the vector for [[epidemic typhus]].He tested his theory by infecting a [[chimpanzee]] with typhus, retrieving the lice from it, and placing it on a healthy chimpanzee. Within 10 days the second chimpanzee had typhus as well.
[[Antonio Berlese]] Volume I of ''Gli insetti loro organizzazione, sviluppo, abitudini e rapporti con l’uomo'' (Volume 2 1925).
*[[Arnold Pagenstecher]] ''Die geographische Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge''published in [[Jena]]..
*Foundation of ''Journal of Entomology'' by [[Charles Fuller Baker]], one of the first revues of [[economic entomology]].
[[1910]]
*[[Gilbert John Arrow]] published the first volume of [[Fauna of British India]]: Lamellicornia 1. Cetoniinae and Dynastinae. Arrow wrote five volumes of this classic work.
*[[Hans Ferdinand Emil Julius Stichel]] Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Fam. Riodinidae.published in J. Wytsman ''Genera Insectorum'' 112A completed 1911).
*[[Hans Fruhstorfer]] published Family Pieridae in [[Adalbert Seitz]] ''' Macrolepidoptera of the world''
[[1912]]
* [[Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius]] wrote Part 39 of ''Catalogus Coleopterorum'' [[Cerambycidae]]: Cerambycinae (1912). Aurivillius worked on world insects.
[[1913]]
[[Image:Wytsman.Genera.Insectorum.Buprestidae.01.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Plate from Wytsman.Genera.Insectorum.Buprestidae]]
*[[Charles Paul Alexander]] ''A synopsis of part of the Neotropical Crane-flies of the subfamily Limnobinae (Tipulidae'').
*[[Erwin Lindner]] joined the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart.
*[[Otto Kröber]] Therevidae.''Genera.Ins'' published.
[[1914]]
* [[Friedrich Georg Hendel]] Die Arten der Platystominen. ''Abh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien'' 8 (1): 1-409, 4 pls. published
* [[Filippo Silvestri]] Contribuzione alla conoscenza dei Termitidi e Termitofili dell'Africa occidentale. ''Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia General e Agraria'', Portici.
[[1915]]
* [[Nathan Banks]]'' A Treatise on the Acarina, Or Mites'' the first comprehensive English handbook on [[mites]].
[[1916]]
* The [[Japanese Beetle]], [[Popillia japonica]], was first discovered in the United States in [[Riverton, New Jersey]] during mid-August, 1916.
[[1920]]
* [[Alfred Kinsey]] became Professor of Entomology at [[Indiana University Bloomington]].
* [[Ernst Jünger]] publishes In ''Stahlgewittern'', The Storm of Steel.
* [[Enrico Adelelmo Brunetti]] ''Fauna of British India'' Diptera 1. Brachycera published.
* [[Charles Thomas Brues]] ''Insects and Human Welfare'' published.
[[1921]]
* [[Günther Enderlein]] Über die phyletisch älteren Stratiomyiidensubfamilien (Xylophaginae, Chiromyzinae, Solvinae, Beridinae und Coenomyiinae). ''Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl.'' 10: 150-214 published.
[[1923]]
*[[Auguste-Henri Forel]] publishes a [[myrmecology|myrmecological]] 5-volume magnum opus, Le Monde Social des Forimis
[[1924]]
*[[Frederick William Frohawk]] 's ''Natural History of British Butterflies'' published.
[[Image:Charles W. Woodworth reading.jpg|thumb|right|Charles W. Woodworth.]]
[[1925]]
*[[Frank M. Carpenter]] begins work on the [[Elmo, Kansas|Elmo]] [[Permian]] fossil fauna.
* [[Josef Fahringer]] ''Opuscula braconolocica'' (4 parts, finished 1937) begun.
[[1927]]
*[[Ronald A. Senior-White]] and [[Robert Knowles (entomologist)]] ''Malaria: Its Investigation and Control, with Special Reference to Indian Conditions''. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co published.
*[[José María Hugo de la Fuente Morales]]Tablas analíticas para la clasificación de los coleópteros de la Península Ibérica. [[Barcelona]] Imprenta Altés, published.
*[[Zeno Payne Metcalf]] commenced (as overall editor and author of the Homoptera sections.''General catalogue of the Hemiptera''. Completed 1971.
[[1928]]
*[[Jan Noskiewicz]] with [[G. Poluszynski]] Embryologische Untersuchungen an Strepsipteren. I. Teil: Embryogenesis der Gattung Stylops Kirby. ''Akad. Umiejetnosci''..
*[[Leopold III of Belgium]] a keen amateur entomologist collects in the [[Dutch East Indies]](1929-1929)
*[[Guido Grandi (entomologist)|Guido Grandi]] founded the Institute of Entomology at the [[University of Bologna]] (l'Istituto di Entomologia dell'Università di Bologna).
*World’s oldest known [[insect]] , ''[[Rhyniognatha hirsti]]'' named by [[Robert John Tillyard]].
*[[Alexander Kirilow Drenowski]] The Lepidoptera fauna on the high mountains of Bulgaria ''Sbornik bulg. Akad. Nauk''. 23: 1-120, 1 map, published.
[[1930]]
*[[Camillo Acqua]] ''Il bombice del Gelso:Nello stato normale e patologico nella tecnica dell'allevamento e della riproduzione. (Industria della preparazione del seme Bachi)''-Enc. tela. Casa Ed. di Giuseppe Cesari,published. This was an important contribution to the literature on [[sericulture]].
[[1931]]
*[[Georg Hermann Alexander Ochs]] publishes ''Über die Gyriniden-Ausbeute der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition mit einer Übersicht über die Gyriniden-Fauna Javas und Larvenbeschreibungen''.
*[[Shonen Matsumura]] 6,000 illustrated Insects of [[Empire of Japan|Japan-Empire]].
[[1932]]
*[[A Practical Handbook of British Beetles]] by [[Norman H. Joy]] published by Witherby.
*[[Alfred Balachowsky]] ''Étude biologique des coccides du bassin occidental de la Méditerranée'' published in Paris by Lechevalier and Fils.
[[1934]]
*[[René Malaise]] invents the [[Malaise trap]].
*[[Vincent B. Wigglesworth]], the "Father" of Insect Physiology, wrote the first book on insect phsyiology, ''The Principles of Insect Physiology''.
*[[Antoni Władysław Jakubski]] ''Czerwiec polski'' "Polish cochineal". Monograph on the [[Polish cochineal]].
[[1935]]
*[[Gerhard Schrader]] discovers the powerful [[insecticide]]s called [[organophosphate]]s
*[[Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild|Walter Rothschild]] gives his insect collection, one of the world's largest collections of [[Lepidoptera]] to the [[Natural History Museum]].
[[1936]]
*The [[Natural History Museum|Natural History Museum, London]] acquires the [[James John Joicey]] collection of Lepidoptera.
[[1938]]
*[[Lucien Chopard]] ''La biologie des orthoptères'' (Paul Lechevalier, Paris).
*[[Ângelo Moreira da Costa Lima]] commenced ''Insetos do [[Brazil|Brasil]], v. 1-11''.Completed 1960.
[[1940]]
*[[Vladimir Nabokov]] begins organizing the butterfly collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at [[Harvard University]].
*[[Ruggero Verity]] commenced ''Farfalle,in English Butterflies, of Italia '' (five volumes, 1940-1953).
*[[René Jeannel]] ''Faune cavernicole de la France'', in English The Fauna of the Caves of France, published.
[[1941]]
*[[Zoltán Szilády]] A magyar birodalom legyeinek szinopszisa. VI. Talpaslegyek, Clythidae ([[Platypezidae]]); VIII. [[Lauxaniidae]] [Synopsis of the flies of the Hungarian empire].
[[1942]]
*[[Woodhouse, L. G. O.]] & [[George Morrison Reid Henry]]. ''The Butterfly Fauna of Ceylon''. Government Record Office, Colombo
[[1943]]
*[[André Badonnel]] ''Faune de France. Psocoptères''. Paris. Paul Lechevalier 1943.
[[1945]]
*[[Edmund Brisco Ford]] ''Butterflies'' published . Seminal introduction to the study of butterflies and their genetics.
*[[Cynthia Longfield]] The Odonata of South [[Angola]].'' Arquivos do Museu Bocage'', 16, Lisboa.
[[1946]]
*[[Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique]] founded.
[[1947]]
*[[Carlo Alonza]] became director of the Muséum de Gênes.
[[1949]]
*[[Pierre-Paul Grassé]] ed. [[Traite de Zoologie]] Tome IX. Insectes. Paris, 1949. 1118 p.
[[1950]]
*[[Maynard Jack Ramsay]] becomes Port Entomologist on [[Staten Island]].
*[[Mahadeva Subramania Mani]] founded the School of Entomology at [[Agra]], India.
[[1951]]
*Work on [[Sterile insect technique]] begun by American entomologists [[Raymond Bushland]] and [[Edward Knipling]]. For their achievement, they jointly received the 1992 [[World Food Prize]].
*[[Sakae Tamura (nature photographer)|Sakae Tamura]] ''Konchū no seitai: Raika shashinshū'' (昆虫の生態:ライカ写眞集) or Closeups on Insects. Tokyo: Seibundo-Shinkosha
*[[Torkel Weis-Fogh]] pioneered studies of insect flight with [[August Krogh]].
[[1952]]
*[[Bernard Kettlewell]] begins research into the influence of industrial melanism on natural selection in moths.
[[1953]]
*[[Willi Hennig]] publishes ''Grundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik''in [[Berlin]]. This was followed by
''Kritische Bemerkungen zum phylogenetischen System der Insekten''in 1953 and Phylogenetic Systematics in 1966. In these works Hennig founded [[cladistics]].
*[[Sydney Skaife]] ''African Insect Life'' published.
[[1954]]
*[[Grigorij Jakovlevitsch Bey-Bienko]] ''Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae. Fauna SSSR''.
[[1955]]
*World programme for [[malaria]] eradication begins. Finally abandoned [[1969]].
*[[Roy Albert Crowson]]'s ''The natural classification of the families of Coleoptera'' is published. This is a classic monograph.
[[1957]]
[[Clodoveo Carrión Mora]] died in Ecuador. Mora was a leading figure entomology of 20th century entomology in South America.
[[Image:Clodoveo Carrión.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Clodoveo Carrión Mora in 1925]]
[[1960]]
*[[Czesław Bieżanko]] publishes ''Álbum iconográfico dos Lepidópteros coletados por Biezanko. Papilionidae''.
*[[Marta Grandi]] ''Ephemeroidea''. ''Fauna d'Italia''
[[1961]]–65
*Genetic code is cracked. DNA was discovered by [[Friedrich Miescher]] in [[1868]], recognized as the bearer of genetic information in [[1943]] and revealed as a double helix by [[Rosalind Franklin]] in [[1952]]. This leads to radical revision of the higher taxonomy of the Insecta.
[[Image:DNA123.png|thumb|right|125px|Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule.]]
[[1964]]
*Morris Rockstein’s edited series—3 vols.—''The Physiology of Insecta''
*[[Takashi Shirozu]] ''Butterflies of Japan Illustrated in Colour'' published in Tokyo by Hokuryu-kan.
[[1965]]
*[[Nikolaj Sergejevitsch Borchsenius]] Essay on the classification of the armoured scale insects (Homoptera, [[ Coccoidea]] , Diaspididae). (In Russian.) ''Entomologicheskoe Obozrenye'' 44: 208-214.
[[1966]]
*First international [[IUCN Red List|Red Lists]] of endangered species were published.
[[1967]]
*[[Richard E. Blackwelder]] ''Taxonomy: a Text and Reference Book'' John. Wiley and Sons, New York, published.
[[1968]]
*[[David Allan Young]] ''Taxonomic Study of the Cicadellinae (Homoptera: [[Cicadellidae]]'') commenced. Finished 1986.
[[1969]]
*Reg Chapman’s textbook appears—''The Insects-Structure and Function''. American Elsevier, N.Y.
*[[International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology]] established.
[[1971]]
*[[Maximilian Fischer]] ''Index of [[Entomophagous]] Insects''. Le Francois, Paris.
[[1973]]
*[[Karl von Frisch]] awarded [[Nobel Prize]] for pioneering work on insect behaviour.
[[Warwick Estevam Kerr]] Evolution of the population structure in bees. ''Genetics'' 79: 73–84.
[[1976]]
*[[Anastase Alfieri]] ''The Coleoptera of Egypt'' published.
[[1981]]
*Robert Michael Pyle published The [[National Audubon Society]] ''Field Guide to North American Butterflies''. Knopf.
[[1984]]
*[[Árpád Soós]] and [[Lazlo Papp]] begin editing ''Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera''.1984 - 1992.
*[[Justin O. Schmidt]] publishes first paper on the [[Schmidt Sting Pain Index]].
[[1985]]
*[[Murray S. Blum]] ''Fundamentals of Insect Physiology''. New York: Wiley, 1985.
*[[Gerald A. Kerkut]] and L. I. Gilbert ''Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry & Pharmacology''.
[[1987]]
*[[Stephen Taber III]] ''Breeding Super Bee''. Ohio: AI Root Co, 1987.
[[1989]]
*[[Forensic entomology|Forensic entomologist]] [[Mark Benecke]] joins the [[punk rock]] band "Die Blonden Burschen" , The Blonde Boys. Many past entomologists were also musical.
[[1990]]
*Hölldobler B. and [[E. O. Wilson]] publish ''The [[Ants]]''
*Low cost [[Scanning electron microscope]] came into general use
[[Image:Golden insect 01 Pengo.jpg|thumb|230px|An insect coated in gold, having been prepared for viewing with a scanning electron microscope.]]
[[1991]]
* Naumann, I. D., P. B. Carne, J. F. Lawrence, E. S. Nielsen, J. P. Spradberry, R. W. Taylor, M. J. Whitten and M. J. Littlejohn, eds. The Insects of Australia: A Textbook for Students and Research Workers. Volume I and II. Second Edition. Carlton, Victoria, Melbourne University Press.
[[1993]]
*Edward Grumbine, ''Ghost Bears: Exploring the Biodiversity Crisis'' reflects growing concerns. Insects are major indicators
of environmental destruction and impending mass extinction.
[[1994]]
* Hoy, M. ''Insect molecular genetics''. An introduction to principles and applications.
* [[Vladimir Nikolayevich Beklemiwev]] Методология систематики (Methodology of systematics).KMK Scientific Press Ltd.
[[1995]]
*[[Yuri Petrovich Korshunov]] and [[Pavel Yunievich Gorbunov]] ''Butterflies of the Urals, Siberia and Far East'' published.
[[1996]]
*[[Microcosmos]] released in France.
[[1997]]
*[[Perry Adkisson]] receives [[World Food Prize]] for his work on [[Integrated Pest Management]].
[[1998]]
*[[Paul R. Ehrlich]] publishes ''Betrayal of Science and Reason: How Anti-Environment Rhetoric Threatens Our Future'' (1998, co-authored with his wife)
*[[Phylocode]] proposed following a meeting at [[Harvard University]].
[[1999]]
*[[Ebbe Schmidt Nielsen]] instrumental in setting up the [[Global Biodiversity Information Facility]]
[[2000]]
*[[Loïc Matile]] ''Diptères d'Europe Occidentale'' Tomes 1 and 2 ''Atlas d'Entomologie''.Editions N. Boubée.Paris.
[[2001]]
*First volume of [[American Beetles]] published.[[Ross H. Arnett, Jr.]] and [[Michael C. Thomas]].
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Beetles-1.jpg|right|thumb]] -->
[[2002]]
[[Alex Rasnitsyn]] with [[D.L.J. Quicke]] ''History of Insects''. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
[[2004]]
*Gilbert, L.I. (ed.). 2004. ''Comprehensive molecular insect science'', 7 vols. Elsevier Pergamon, published in St. Louis
*A paper in ''[[Science]]'' found that [[Culex pipiens]] mosquitoes existed in two populations in Europe, one which bites birds and one which bites humans. In North America 40% of Culex pipiens were found to be hybrids of the two types which bite both birds and humans, providing a vector for [[West Nile virus]]. This is thought to provide an explanation of why the West Nile disease has spread more quickly in North America than Europe.
[[2005]]
* The [[Insect Biocontrol Laboratory]] at the [[Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center]] in the United States develops [[DNA fingerprinting]] tools that match hard-to-identify [[larva]]e to adults that have been positively identified.
*[[Michael S. Engel]] and [[David Grimaldi]] ''Evolution of the Insects'' published.
==See also==
*[[Timeline of entomology]] — for a list of other available time periods
*[[List of entomologists]]
[[Category:Entomology]]
[[Category:Zoology timelines|Entomology post 1900]]