Titian Peale
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robot Adding: [[id:Titian Ramsay Peale]]
[[Image:Titian Ramsay Peale 2 1799-1885.jpg|thumb|right|Titian Ramsay Peale.]]
[[Image:Titian Ramsey Peale's painting 'Kilauea', 1842.jpg|thumb|right|Titian Ramsey Peale's painting 'Kilauea', 1842]]
'''Titian Ramsay Peale''' (born [[November 2]], [[1799]]; died [[March 13]], [[1885]]) was a noted [[United States|American]] [[artist]], [[natural history|naturalist]], [[entomologist]] and [[photographer]]. He was the sixteenth and youngest son of noted [[United States|American]] [[natural history|naturalist]] [[Charles Willson Peale]].
==Biography==
Peale was first exposed to the study of [[natural history]] while assisting his father on his many excursions in search of specimens for the [[Peale Museum]]. The family moved to [[Germantown, Pennsylvania]], outside of [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], where he began collecting and drawing [[insects]] and [[butterflies]]. Like his older brothers, Peale helped his father in the preservation of the museum's specimens for display, which included contributions from [[George Washington]], [[Thomas Jefferson]], and the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]].
His drawings were published in [[Thomas Say]]'s ''American Entomology'' as early as [[1816]], and he was soon after elected to the [[Academy of Natural Sciences]].
Peale took part in the 1817 expedition of the [[Academy of Natural Sciences]] to [[Florida]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], together with [[Thomas Say]], [[George Ord]] and [[William Maclure]]. He was assistant to Say on the expedition to the [[Rocky Mountains]] led by [[Stephen Harriman Long]] in [[1819]]. The collection submitted to the [[Academy of Natural Sciences]] in [[Philadelphia]] from this expedition included 122 drawings by Peale. He acquired a wild turkey for the museum's collections.
Peale provided illustrations for Say's ''American Entomology'' (1824-28) and [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte]]'s ''American Ornithology'' (1825-33). He also undertook a collecting expedition to [[Florida]] on behalf of Bonaparte.
In [[1831]], Peale published a pamphlet known as ''Circular of the Philadelphia Museum: Containing Direction for the preservation and preparation of objects of natural history''. The Peale museum continued to gain a worldwide reputation. He developed an effective method for storing [[butterflies]] in sealed cases with glass fronts and backs. As a result, parts of his collection have been preserved until the present day. His meticulous collection of over 100 separate [[butterfly]] species was often praised for the brilliance and vibrancy of the insects' colors.
In [[1838]], two years after [[Charles Darwin]] had returned from his voyage on the ''Beagle'', Peale took leave from his work at the museum to sail aboard the ''Peacock'' as chief [[natural history|naturalist]] for the [[United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842]] led by Lt. [[Charles Wilkes]]. As chief naturalist, he collected and preserved various specimens of natural history, many of which he packed and shipped back to the museum. Peale's post-expedition report, ''Mammalia and Ornithology'' ([[1848]]), was suppressed due to objections by Wilkes and [[John Cassin]]. Cassin was hired to produce a corrected volume, which was published in 1858. During the expedition, Wilkes named [[Peale Passage]] after Titian Peale.<ref>{{cite book |last= Phillips |first= James W. |title= Washington State Place Names |year= 1971 |publisher= University of Washington Press |isbn= 0-295-95158-3}}</ref>
On [[May 1]], [[1843]], financial pressures forced Peale to sell the bankrupt museum at a sheriff's sale to Isaac Brown Parker. Then Peale went on to work for the [[U.S. Patent Office]] and to become a pioneer American [[photographer]].
==Collections and legacy==
[[Image:Titian Ramsay Peale 1799-1885.jpg|thumb|left|Titian Ramsay Peale.]]
Peale's work on insects, ''The Butterflies of North America'', was never published, although the manuscript still resides at the [[American Museum of Natural History]] in New York. The [[Amon Carter Museum]] (Fort Worth, Texas), the [[Detroit Institute of Arts]], the [[Honolulu Academy of Arts]], the [[Joslyn Art Museum]] (Omaha, Nebraska), the [[Museum of Nebraska Art]] (University of Nebraska), the [[National Portrait Gallery (United States)|National Portrait Gallery]] (Washington, D.C.), the [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]], the Reading Public Museum (Reading, Pennsylvania), the Westmoreland Museum of American Art (Greensburg, Pennsylvania) and [[Yale University Art Gallery]] are among the public collections holding works by Titian Peale. Peale's Butterfly and Moth collection is held at the [[Academy of Natural Sciences]] with some additional specimens at the [[Carnegie Museum of Natural History]].
== Books and Publications ==
* {{cite book
| last = Poesch
| first = Jessie Peale
| authorlink = Jessie Peale Poesch
| coauthors =
| year = 1961
| title = Titian Ramsay Peale And His Journals of The Wilkes Expedition, 1799-1885
| publisher = American Philosophical Society
| location =
| id =
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Sellers
| first = Charles Coleman
| authorlink = Charles Coleman Sellers
| coauthors =
| year = 1980
| title = Mr. Peale's Museum
| publisher = W. W. Norton & Company
| location =
| id =
}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{commons}}
*[http://data.acnatsci.org/peale/ The Historic Titian Peale Butterfly and Moth Collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences]
*[http://www.amphilsoc.org/exhibitions/undaunted.html Exhibit at the Museum of the American Philosophical Society featuring T. R. Peale's voyage with the US Exploring Expedition]
*[http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/mole/p/pealetr.htm Collection of Titian Ramsay Peale sketches at the American Philosophical Society Library.]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Peale, Titian}}
[[Category:1799 births]]
[[Category:1885 deaths]]
[[Category:American artists]]
[[Category:American entomologists]]
[[Category:American naturalists]]
[[Category:American ornithologists]]
[[Category:American photographers]]
[[Category:Bird artists]]
[[Category:Scientific illustrators]]
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