Toledo, Ohio 30849 225826500 2008-07-15T16:07:48Z 66.213.224.82 /* References to Toledo in popular culture */ added a tv show which an episode took place i Toledo :''This article is about the city in Ohio. For [[Toledo, Spain]], see that article. For other uses, see [[Toledo (disambiguation)]].'' {{Infobox Settlement |official_name = City of Toledo |settlement_type = [[City]] |nickname = The Glass City |website = http://www.ci.toledo.oh.us/ |image_skyline = Skyline of Toledo, Ohio.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = Toledo Ohio flag.png |image_seal = Toledo OH seal.png |image_map = OHMap-doton-Toledo.png |mapsize = 250x200px |map_caption = Location in the state of [[Ohio]] |image_map1 = Toledo Lucas.GIF |mapsize1 = 250x200px |map_caption1 = Location of Toledo within Lucas County, Ohio. |subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Ohio|County]] |subdivision_name = [[United States]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Ohio]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Lucas County, Ohio|Lucas]] |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1833 |government_type = |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = [[Carty Finkbeiner]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])| area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = 1 E9 |area_total_km2 = 217.8 |area_land_km2 = 208.8 |area_water_km2 = 8.9 |population_as_of = 2006 |population_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2006-04-39.csv|title=2006 US Census Estimates by city|date=[[2007-06-28]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/CBSA-EST2006-01.csv|title=2006 US Census Estimates by MSA|date=[[2007-04-05]]}}</ref> |population_total = 298446 |population_metro = 653695 |population_density_km2 = 1502.0 | |postal_code_type = |postal_code = 43606, 43607, 43613 |area_code = [[Area code 419|419]], [[Area code 567|567]] | |timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]] |utc_offset = −5 | |timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]] |utc_offset_DST = −4 |latd = 41 |latm = 39 |lats = 56 |latNS = N |longd = 83 |longm = 34 |longs = 31 |longEW = W |area_total_sq_mi = 84.1 |area_land_sq_mi = 80.6 |area_water_sq_mi = 3.5 |elevation_m = 187 |elevation_ft = 614 |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 39-77000{{GR|2}} |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank1_info = 1067015{{GR|3}} |footnotes = | }} '''Toledo''' is a city in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Ohio]] and the [[county seat]] of [[Lucas County, Ohio|Lucas County]]{{GR|6}}. Named after [[Toledo, Spain]], it is located on the western end of [[Lake Erie]], on the [[Michigan]] border. It is the principal city in the [[Toledo Metropolitan Area|Toledo Metropolitan Statistical Area]]. In the [[United States Census 2000|2000 census]], the city proper had a population of 313,619. As of [[July 1]], [[2006]], however, the [[U.S. Census Bureau]] listed the city with a reduced population of 298,446, allowing Toledo to maintain its place as the fourth-largest city in the state. Although, the 2007 estimate predicts the population of the city is now only about 295,029. According to the US Census, the metropolitan area had a population of 653,695, while the [[Combined Statistical Area]] had a population of 715,320.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/CBSA-EST2006-02.csv|title=2006 US Census Estimates by CSA|date=[[2007-04-05]]}}</ref> Residents of Toledo are usually referred to as Toledoans. Toledo is known as the [[List of city nicknames in the United States|Glass City]] because of its long history of innovation in all aspects of the [[glass]] industry: [[window]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[windshield]]s, [[construction|construction materials]], and [[glass art]], of which the [[Toledo Museum of Art]] has a large collection. Several large glass companies have their origins here. [[Owens-Illinois]], [[Owens Corning]], Libbey Glass, [[Pilkington]] North America (formerly [[Libbey Owens Ford]]), and Therma-Tru have long been a staple of Toledo's economy. Other off-shoots and spinoffs of these companies also continue to play important roles in Toledo's economy. Fiberglass giant [[Johns Manville]]'s two plants in the metro area were originally built by a subsidiary of [[Libbey Owens Ford]]. Many other companies that service the glass industry also began in Toledo, such as Toledo Engineering and Glasstech. Toledo had also been known as "The Auto Parts Capital of the World". Several large, Fortune 500 automotive related companies had their headquarters in Toledo. Electric AutoLite, [[Sheller-Globe Corporation]], Champion Spark Plug, Questor, and [[Dana Corporation]] are examples of large auto parts companies that began in Toledo. Only [[Dana Corporation]] is still in existence as an independent entity. The [[Jeep]] vehicle has been manufactured in Toledo since 1941 as well. [[Willys-Overland]] was a major automaker headquartered in Toledo until 1953. ==History== The area was first settled by European Americans in 1794, after the [[Battle of Fallen Timbers]], with the founding of Fort Industry. However, with the War of 1812, many settlers fled the area. Resettling around 1817 a Cincinnati syndicate purchased a {{convert|974|acre|km2|1|sing=on}} tract at the mouth of Swan Creek and named it Port Lawrence. The syndicate failed 3 years later, and the settlement joined with a river settlement to the north called Vistula. The inhabitants of this joined settlement chose the name Toledo, "but the reason for this choice is buried in a welter of legends. One recounts that [[Washington Irving]], who was traveling in [[Spain]] at the time, suggested the name to his brother, a local resident; this explanation ignores the fact that Irving returned to the United States in 1832. Others award the honor to Two Stickney, son of the major who quaintly numbered his sons and named his daughters after States. The most popular version attributes the naming to Willard J. Daniels, a merchant, who reputedly suggested Toledo because it 'is easy to pronounce, is pleasant in sound, and there is no other city of that name on the American continent'." From the Federal Writers' Project - The Ohio Guide - 1940 On [[January 15]], [[1936]], the first building to be completely covered in [[glass]] was constructed in Toledo. It was a building for the [[Owens-Illinois Glass Company]] and marked a milestone in [[architecture|architectural design]] representative of the [[International style (architecture)|International style]] of architecture, which was at that time becoming increasingly popular in the US. ===Toledo War=== {{main|Toledo War}} An almost bloodless conflict between Ohio and the [[Michigan Territory]], called the [[Toledo War]] (1835-1836), was "fought" over a narrow strip of land from the [[Indiana]] border to [[Lake Erie]], now containing the city and the suburbs of [[Sylvania, Ohio|Sylvania]] and [[Oregon, Ohio|Oregon]]. The strip—which varied between five and eight miles (13 km) in width—was claimed by the state of Ohio and the Michigan Territory due to old conflicting legislation about where the Ohio-Michigan state line should be. Militias from both states were sent but never engaged. The only casualty of the conflict was a Michigan deputy [[sheriff]]—stabbed in the leg by Two Stickney during the arrest of his elder brother, One Stickney—and the loss of two horses, two pigs and a few chickens stolen from an Ohio farm by lost members of the Michigan militia.<ref>[http://newpsm.profsurv.com/newpsm/archive.php?issue=90&article=1265 Professional Surveyor Magazine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In the end, the state of Ohio was awarded the land after the state of Michigan was given the [[Upper Peninsula]] in exchange. Stickney Avenue in Toledo is named for One and Two Stickney. ===Adams Township=== Adams Township was a [[civil township|township]] in Lucas County until it was incorporated into the city of Toledo in the 1960s. The area is now part of west Toledo, and is just east of [[Springfield Township, Lucas County, Ohio|Springfield Township]], north of the city of [[Maumee, Ohio|Maumee]], and included the [[University of Toledo]] main campus as its eastern border. The area that would become Adams Township was settled around 1833, a few years before Toledo became a city. It had been chartered as Carey Township in 1856, but the name was changed to Adams in 1860. With a growing population, there was a desire by the residents to incorporate the township under the name "Adams Heights", but the area would eventually become part of Toledo in the 1960s. Toledo Rogers High School is located in what was Adams Township and was a member of the [[Great Lakes League|GLL]] for athletics until the area became incorporated into Toledo, and then it became a member of the [[Toledo City League|City League]].<ref>[http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Lucas/LucasTownshipAdams-841.htm History of the City of Toledo and Lucas County, Ohio]</ref> ==Geography== Toledo is located at {{coor dms|41|39|56|N|83|34|31|W|city}} (41.665682, -83.575337).{{GR|1}} The city sits astride the [[Maumee River]] at the southern end of [[Maumee Bay]], which is the westernmost [[inlet]] of [[Lake Erie]]. Toledo is north of what was formerly the [[Great Black Swamp]], giving rise to another nickname, ''Frog Town.'' An important ecological site, a sandy oak savanna called the '''Oak Openings''' region, lies just west. {{Geographic Location (8-way) | Centre = Toledo | North = [[Ann Arbor]] | Northeast = [[Detroit]],[[Windsor]] | East = [[Lake Erie]] | Southeast = [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]] | South = [[Rossford]] | Southwest = [[Maumee]] | West = [[Ottawa Hills]] | Northwest = [[Sylvania]] | image = Toledo_OH_seal.png }} According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 84.1&nbsp;[[square mile]]s (217.8&nbsp;[[km²]]), of which, 80.6&nbsp;square miles (208.8&nbsp;km²) of it is land and 3.5&nbsp;square miles (8.9&nbsp;km²) of it (4.10%) is water. ===Climate=== {{main|Climate of Toledo, Ohio}} Toledo, like several other cities in the [[Great Lakes]] region, experiences a lake-moderated [[continental climate]], characterized by four distinct [[season]]s varying significantly in temperature and precipitation. [[Lake Erie]] moderates its climate somewhat, especially in late spring and fall, when air and water temperature differences are maximal. However, this effect is tempered in the winter by the fact that Lake Erie freezes over much more readily than the other Great Lakes, coupled with prevailing winds that are often westerly. The warmest month of the year is July, when high temperatures average 87 °F (30 °C), and overnight low temperatures average 68 °F (20 °C). January is the coldest month, when high temperatures average 33 °F (1 °C), and low temperatures average 22 °F (-5 °C). The wettest month of the year is June, when 3.84 inches (97.5 mm) of precipitation falls. The driest month is January, when 2.00 inches (50.8 mm) of precipitation falls. The warmest temperature ever recorded in Toledo was 105 °F (41 °C) on [[July 14]], [[1936]]. The coldest temperature ever recorded was -20 °F (-29 °C), on [[January 21]], [[1984]]. The record high in the month of January by Toledo was set [[January 7]], [[2008]] with the high temperature at 68 °F which was broken at Toledo Express Airport.(Source:http://www.erh.noaa.gov/cle/climate/tol/normals/tolnrtjan.html) {| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"| | colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"|Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color: #000000" height="17" | Month ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jan ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Feb ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Mar ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Apr ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | May ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jun ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jul ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Aug ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Sep ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Oct ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Nov ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Dec |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec High °F | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 68 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 71 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 81 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 88 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 95 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 104 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 105 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 99 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 98 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 91 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 80 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 70 |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm High °F | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 31.4 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 35.1 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 46.5 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 58.9 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 70.7 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 79.5 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 83.4 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 81 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 74 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 62.1 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 48.3 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 36 |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm Low °F | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 16.4 | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 18.9 | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 27.9 | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 37.7 | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 48.6 | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 58.2 | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 62.6 | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 60.7 | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 52.9 | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 41.6 | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 32.6 | style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 22.3 |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec Low °F | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -20 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -14 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -6 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 8 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 25 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 32 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 40 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 34 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 26 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 15 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 2 | style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -19 |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Precip (in) | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 1.93 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 1.88 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.62 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.24 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.14 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.8 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.8 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.19 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.84 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.35 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.78 | style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.64 |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|''Source:The Weather Channel. [http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/daily/USOH0953?climoMonth=1]" |- |colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|''Source: USTravelWeather.com [http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-ohio/toledo-weather.asp]'' |} ==Demographics== {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:3px; text-size:80%; text-align:right" |align=center colspan=3| '''City of Toledo Population [http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html]''' |- |'''Year''' ||'''Population''' ||'''U.S.<br /> Ranking''' |- |1860 || 13,768 || 68th |- |1870 || 31,584 || 40th |- |1880 || 50,137 || 35th |- |1890 || 81,434 || 34th |- |1900 || 131,822 || 26th |- |1910 || 168,497 || 30th |- |1920 || 243,164 || 26th |- |1930 || 290,718 || 27th |- |1940 || 282,349 || 34th |- |1950 || 303,616 || 36th |- |1960 || 318,003 || 39th |- |1970 || 383,818 || 34th |- |1980 || 354,635 || 40th |- |1990 || 332,943 || 49th |- |2000 || 313,619 || 57th |} As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 313,619 people, 128,925 households, and 77,355 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 3,890.2 people per square mile (1,502.0/km²). There were 139,871 housing units at an average density of 1,734.9/sq&nbsp;mi (669.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.23% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 23.55% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.31% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.03% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 2.28% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.57% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 5.47% of the population. The top 5 largest ancestries include [[German American|German]] (23.4%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (10.8%), [[Polish American|Polish]] (10.1%), [[English American|English]] (6.0%), and [[French American|French]] (4.6%).<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US3977000&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U Toledo city, Ohio - QT-P13. Ancestry: 2000<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In 2000 there were 128,925 households in Toledo, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.04. In the city the population was spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males. There was a total of 139,871 housing units in the city, of which 10,946 (7.8%) were vacant. The median income for a household in the city was $32,546, and the median income for a family was $41,175. Males had a median income of $35,407 versus $25,023 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,388. About 14.2% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over. ==Neighborhoods== Toledo consists of the following neighborhoods: {{Col-begin}} {{Col-break}} *Birmingham *DeVeaux *[[Five Points (Toledo)|Five Points]] *Downtown *East Toledo *Franklin Park *[[Harvard Terrace: Toledo, Ohio|Harvard Terrace]] *Lagrange *Library Village {{Col-break}} *North Toledo (North End) *North Towne *Old Orchard *[[Old West End]] *[[Ottawa, Toledo, Ohio|Ottawa]] (includes Westmoreland) *Point Place *Polish Village *Reynolds Corners {{Col-break}} *Scott Park *South Toledo *Southwyck *[[West Toledo]] *Wernert's Corner *Trilby *University Hills *Warehouse District *Westgate {{Col-end}} ==Suburbs== According to the [[US Census Bureau]], the [[Toledo Metropolitan Area]] covers 4 Ohio counties and combines with other micropolitan areas and counties for a combined statistical area. Some of the suburbs include: ===Ohio=== {{Col-begin}} {{Col-break}} *[[Bowling Green, Ohio|Bowling Green]] *[[Holland, Ohio|Holland]] *[[Lake Township, Wood County, Ohio|Lake Township]] *[[Maumee, Ohio|Maumee]] *[[Millbury, Ohio|Millbury]] *[[Monclova Township, Lucas County, Ohio|Monclova Township]] *[[Northwood, Ohio|Northwood]] *[[Oregon, Ohio|Oregon]] *[[Ottawa Hills, Ohio|Ottawa Hills]] {{Col-break}} *[[Perrysburg, Ohio|Perrysburg]] *[[Rossford, Ohio|Rossford]] *[[Springfield Township, Lucas County, Ohio|Springfield Township]] *[[Sylvania, Ohio|Sylvania]] *[[Walbridge, Ohio|Walbridge]] *[[Waterville, Ohio|Waterville]] *[[Whitehouse, Ohio|Whitehouse]] *[[Washington Township, Lucas County, Ohio|Washington Township]] {{Col-end}} ===Michigan=== {{Col-begin}} {{Col-break}} *[[Bedford Township, Monroe County, Michigan|Bedford Township]] *[[Erie Township, Michigan|Erie Township]] *[[Lambertville, Michigan|Lambertville]] *[[Luna Pier, Michigan|Luna Pier]] {{Col-break}} *[[Monroe, Michigan|Monroe]] *[[Ottawa Lake, Michigan|Ottawa Lake]] *[[Temperance, Michigan|Temperance]] *[[Whiteford Township, Michigan|Whiteford Township]] {{Col-end}} ==Economy== Historically, before the [[industrial revolution]], Toledo was a port city on the [[Great Lakes]]. But with the advent of the automobile, the city became best known for industrial manufacturing, although these industries have declined considerably in past decades. The [[Big Three automobile manufacturers|Big Three]] all have factories in metropolitan Toledo, and [[automobile]] manufacturing has been important at least since [[Kirk Manufacturing Company (automobile company)|Kirk]]<ref>Clymer, Floyd. ''Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877-1925'' (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p.158.</ref> began operations early in the 20th Century. The city is home to two [[Fortune 500]] companies: [[Dana Corporation]] and [[Owens Corning]]. Another Fortune 500 company, formerly located at [[One SeaGate]], is [[Owens-Illinois]]. O-I has recently relocated to suburban [[Perrysburg, Ohio|Perrysburg]]. [[HCR Manor Care]] is an up and coming [[Fortune 1000]] company headquartered in Toledo. Though the largest employer in Toledo was [[Jeep]] for much of the 20th century, this honor has recently gone to the [[University of Toledo]]. Manufacturing as a whole now employs fewer Toledoans than does the healthcare industry, now the city's biggest employer. In 2001, a taxpayer lawsuit was filed against Toledo that challenged the constitutionality of tax incentives it extended to [[DaimlerChrysler]] for the expansion of its Jeep plant. The case was won by the city on a technical issue after it reached the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] in ''[[DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno]]'', 547 U.S. ___ (2006). Toledo is home to several other large companies. Faurecia Exhaust Systems, which is a $2 billion subsidiary to France's Faurecia SA, and Pilkington North America, which is a $900 million subsidiary to Britain's Pilkington Ltd., are located in Toledo. Toledo is the primary market city for northwest Ohio, a region of nine counties with a population in excess of one million. As such there is a high concentration of retail establishments and medical facilities in Toledo. The city's location near the intersection of [[Interstate 80|I-80]]/[[Interstate 90|I-90]] and [[Interstate 75|I-75]] (i.e. "The Crossroads of America") has made it a popular hub location for transportation companies such as [[United Parcel Service|UPS]] and [[BAX Global]]. Toledo is also the nation's third busiest rail hub, 15th-busiest air cargo hub, and one of the busiest ports on the Great Lakes. To promote economic development, the City of Toledo has announced that it will cover the {{convert|81|sqmi|km2|0}} of the city of Toledo with Wi-Fi internet access for government, business, and personal use. This will create the nation's sixth largest Wi-Fi network, and will be funded with private dollars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ci.toledo.oh.us/index.cfm?Article=2041|title=ci.toledo.oh.us/index.cfm?Article=2041<!--INSERT TITLE-->|accessdate=2007-03-31}}</ref> ==Education== ===Colleges and universities=== These higher education institutions operate campuses in [[Metro Toledo]]: *The [[University of Toledo]] *[[Bowling Green State University]] ([[Bowling Green, Ohio|BGSU]]) *[[Lourdes College]] ([[Sylvania, Ohio|Sylvania]]) *[[Mercy College]] *[[Monroe County Community College]] ([[Monroe, Michigan|Monroe]]) *[[Owens Community College]] ([[Perrysburg, Ohio|Perrysburg/Oregon]]) *Stautzenberger College (Maumee) *Toledo Academy of Beauty *Toledo Professional Skills Institute ===Primary and secondary schools=== ====Public schools==== [[Toledo Public Schools]] operates public schools within much of the city limits, along with the [[Washington Local School District]] in northern Toledo. ====Private schools==== Additionally, several private and parochial primary and secondary schools are present within the Toledo area. The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo]] operates Roman Catholic primary and secondary schools. Private high schools in Toledo include [[Maumee Valley Country Day School]], [[Central Catholic High School (Toledo, Ohio)|Central Catholic High School]], [[St. Francis de Sales High School (Toledo, Ohio)|St. Francis de Sales High School]], [[St. John's Jesuit High School and Academy]], [[Notre Dame Academy]], [[St. Ursula Academy (Toledo, Ohio)|St. Ursula Academy]] (Ottawa Hills), [[Cardinal Stritch High School]] (Oregon), the Toledo Islamic Academy, Freedom Christian Academy, Toledo Christian Schools, Emmanuel Christian, the David S. Stone Hebrew Academy (Sylvania),Apostolic Christian Academy and Toledo School for the Arts. ==Media== {{main|List of Toledo, Ohio media outlets}} The following are media outlets located in the city of Toledo. Also serving the city are a number of other radio and television stations, and newspapers located outside the city limits, including many such media outlets in the [[Detroit, Michigan]], area. Some of these newspapers and broadcasting stations are listed below, with the city of publication or license noted when occurring outside of Toledo. ===Newspapers=== ''[[The Blade (newspaper)|The Blade]]'', a daily newspaper, is the primary newspaper in Toledo and was founded in 1835. It considers itself to be one of the best local newspapers in the United States. Page one of each issue asserts "One of America's Great Newspapers." The city's arts and entertainment weekly is the ''[[Toledo City Paper]]''. In March 2005, the weekly newspaper ''[[Toledo Free Press]]'' began publication, and it has a focus on news and sports. Other weeklies include the "West Toledo Herald," "El Tiempo", ''La Prensa'', ''Sojourner's Truth'', "Toledo Journal'', and now [http://www.midwesturban.com Midwesturban Newspaper]as well as ''type A magazine'', a quarterly publication focused on Toledo's anarchist community. ''Toledo Tales'' provides satire and parody of life in the Glass City. ===Magazines=== The Old West End Magazine is published monthly and highlights "The Best in Urban Historic Living". Monthly issues are also published on the Old West End Association web site. http://www.toledooldwestend.com/main.aspx The Toledo Journal is an African-American owned newspaper. It is published weekly, and normally focuses on African-American issues. ===Television stations=== *05 [[WT05]] - [[The CW Television Network|CW]] ''(cable only/non-broadcast in NW Ohio on various cable systems, usually cable channel 5)'' *09 [[CBET-TV]] - [[CBC Television|CBC]] ''(from [[Windsor, Ontario]])'' *11 [[WTOL]] - [[CBS]] [[Image:fourseagate.jpg|thumb|Four SeaGate, home of Fox Toledo]] *13 [[WTVG]] - [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] *22 [[W22CO]] - [[Trinity Broadcasting Network|TBN]] ''(formerly channel 68)'' *24 [[WNWO-TV]] - [[NBC]] *27 [[WBGU-TV]] - [[PBS]] ''(in [[Bowling Green, Ohio]])'' *30 [[WGTE-TV]] - [[PBS]] *34 [[WBTL-LP]] - [[HSN]]'', '' [[Infomercials]] ''(formerly broadcast channel 5)'' *36 [[WUPW]] - [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] *38 [[W38DH]] - [[America's Store]] ''(formerly channel 64)'' *40 [[WLMB]] - [[Christian]]'', '' [[FamilyNet|FN]] '', '' [[Worship]] *48 [[WMNT-CA]] - [[My Network TV|MNTV]] ''and '' [[America One]] *BCSN [[Buckeye Cable Sports Network]] (cable only) ''''** Low Power stations (containing "LP" or numbers in their calls) had to move, due to digital station conversions on a specific station number, or the channel they are broadcasting on is being withdrawn from television broadcasting. Therefore, the station on that channel had to move to another channel number.''' ===Radio stations=== ====AM==== *730 [[WJYM]] - [[Christian radio|Christian]]/[[College radio|College]] *1230 [[WCWA]] - [[Sports radio|Sports]] ("Fox Sports") *1370 [[WSPD]] - [[All-news radio|News]]/[[Talk radio|Talk]] ("News/Talk 1370") *1470 [[WLQR]] - [[Sports radio|Sports]] ("The Ticket") *1520 [[WDMN]] - [[Christian radio|Christian]] *1560 [[WTOD]] - [[Talk radio|Talk]] ("SuperTalk 1560") *1610 [[WFAL]] - [[Sports]]/[[Rock music|Rock]]/[[College radio|College]] ====FM==== *88.1 [[WBGU (FM)|WBGU]] -[[Indie Rock|Indie]]/[[Campus radio|College]] ("WBGU FM") *88.3 [[WXUT]] - [[Alternative rock|Alternative]]/[[Campus radio|College]] *88.3 [[WXTS-FM|WXTS]] - [[Jazz]]/[[High school radio|High school]] *88.7 [[CIMX]] - [[Alternative rock|Alternative]] ("89X") *89.3 [[WYSZ]] - [[Christian radio|Christian]] ("Yes FM") *90.3 [[WOTL]] - [[Christian radio|Christian]] *91.3 [[WGTE-FM|WGTE]] - [[European classical music|Classical]] *92.5 [[WVKS]] - [[Top 40]] ("KISS FM") *93.5 [[WRQN]] - [[Oldies]] *94.5 [[WXKR]] - [[Classic Rock]] ("94-5 XKR") *95.3 [[WQTE]] - [[Country music|Country]] *95.7 [[WIMX]] - [[Urban Adult Contemporary]] ("Mix 95.7") *96.9 [[WXQQ]] - [[Contemporary Christian]] ("Satellite") *97.3 [[WJZE]] - [[Rhythmic Top 40]]/[[Mainstream Urban]] ("Hot 97.3") *98.3 [[WTWR-FM|WTWR]] - [[Top 40]] ("Tower 98") *99.9 [[WKKO]] - [[Country music|Country]] ("K-100") *100.7 [[W264AK|W264]] - [[Christian radio|Christian]] *101.5 [[WRVF]] - [[Adult Contemporary]] ("The River") *102.3 [[WPOS]] - [[Christian radio|Christian]] *102.9 [[WWWW]] - [[Country music|Country]] *103.7 [[WCKY]] - [[Country music|Country]] ("Buckeye Country") *104.7 [[WIOT]] - [[Rock Music|Rock]] ("FM 104") *105.5 [[WWWM]] - [[Hot Adult Contemporary]] ("Star 105") *106.5 [[WRWK]] - [[Alternative Rock]] ("The Zone") *107.3 [[WJUC]] - [[Urban Contemporary]] ("The Juice") *107.9 [[WMLZ-LP|WMLZ]] - [[Classic Rock]]/[[High school radio|High school]] ("Z108") ==Sites of interest== *The [[Toledo Museum of Art]] is an internationally-acclaimed museum located in a [[Greek Revival]] building. The Center for Visual Arts addition by Frank Gehry was added in the recent past and the Museum's new Glass Pavilion across Monroe Street opened in August 2006. [[Image:Toledo Zoo pedestrian bridge - west Anthony Wayne Trail - fall.JPG|thumb|left|Toledo Zoo pedestrian bridge]] *The [[Toledo Zoo]] - consistently rated as one of the nation's ten best - was the first [[zoo]] to feature a ''[[hippoquarium]]''-style exhibit. The Toledo Zoo was also one of three finalists to be in the computer game Zoo Tycoon. *The [[Willis B Boyer]] is a former Cleveland-Cliffs [[lake freighter]] open to the public as a museum, located at International Park, across from downtown Toledo along the Maumee River. *The [[R. A. Stranahan Arboretum]] is a 47 acre [[arboretum]] maintained by the [[University of Toledo]]. *The Old West End is an historic neighborhood of [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]], Arts & Crafts, and other Edwardian style houses recognized by the National Register of Historic Places. *The Mansion View Inn, also known as the Reynolds-Secor home, built in 1887, was home to several prominent and wealthy Toledo families. It is listed on the Department of Interior’s National Historic Register. *The world famous [[Tony Packo's Cafe]] is located in the Hungarian neighborhood on the east side of Toledo known as Birmingham, and features hot dog buns signed by celebrities. [[Image:Veterans' Glass City Skyway 1.jpg|thumb|The Veterans' Glass City Skyway]] *The The Veterans' Glass City Skyway over the [[Maumee River]] on [[Interstate 280 (Ohio)|Interstate 280]], just north-east of downtown Toledo. This {{convert|400|ft|m|-1|sing=on}} tall [[bridge]] includes a glass covered pylon, which lights up at night, adding a distinctive feature to Toledo's [[skyline]].<ref>{{cite journal | title =Ohio DOT endorses design for Maumee River crossing | journal =Civil Engineering | volume =70 | issue =9 | pages =12 |date=September 2000}}</ref> *The Anthony Wayne Bridge, a 3215 [[Foot (unit of length)|foot]] [[suspension bridge]] crossing the Maumee River, has been a staple of Toledo's skyline for more than 70 years. * [[Toledo Metroparks|The Toledo Metroparks]] which includes the [[University/Parks Trail]] and the [[Toledo Botanical Garden]]. * [[Martin Luther King, Jr. Plaza (Toledo)|Martin Luther King, Jr. Plaza]] was built as Central Union Terminal by the [[New York Central Railroad]] in 1950 and currently serves as the city's [[Amtrak]] [[train station|station]]. * [[Fifth Third Field (Toledo)|Fifth Third Field]], home of the Toledo Mud Hens Baseball Club, was selected as one of the best Minor League ballparks in the USA by ''[[Newsweek]]'' magazine in 2002. * [[Stranahan Theater]] is a major concert hall located on the city's south side. ==Sports== {| class="wikitable" |- ! scope="col" | Club ! scope="col" | League ! scope="col" | Venue ! scope="col" | Established ! scope="col" | Championships |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Toledo Mud Hens]] | [[International League|IL]], Baseball | [[Fifth Third Field (Toledo)|Fifth Third Field]] | 1897 | 3 |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Toledo Walleye]] | [[ECHL]], Ice hockey | [[Lucas County Arena]] | 2009 | 0 |} ===Walleye=== The [[Toledo Walleye]] is an [[ECHL]] hockey team scheduled to play in a new arena is built in downtown Toledo in 2009. The Walleye is a farm team for [[American Hockey League]] affiliate [[Grand Rapids Griffins]] and [[Rockford Icehogs]]. They are also affiliated with the [[Detroit Red Wings]] and [[Chicago Blackhawks]] of the [[NHL]]. ===Mud Hens=== The [[Toledo Mud Hens]] are one of minor league baseball's oldest teams, having first played in 1896. Fifth Third Field, however, is a new stadium, having been completed in 2002. In 2005, the Mud Hens won the [[International League]] Governor's Cup Championship by beating the [[Indianapolis Indians]] and again in 2006 by defeating the [[Rochester Red Wings]]. Fifth Third Field also made record-breaking attendance in 2007 with over 590,000 fans, the most in franchise history. The Mud Hens are the [[AAA (baseball)|AAA]] affiliate of the [[Detroit Tigers]]. ===Rockets=== The [[University of Toledo]] fields teams in many intercollegiate sports, quite a number of which enjoy loyal followings by Toledo sports fans. The '''[[Toledo Rockets]]''' football team plays at the [[Glass Bowl]], while the basketball teams compete at [[Savage Hall]]. ===Golf=== [[Inverness Club]] is a [[golf]] club in Toledo. It is known for hosting six major [[USGA]] events, including the 2003 U.S. Senior Open. Highland Meadows Golf Club is home to [[LPGA]]'s [[Jamie Farr Owens Corning Classic presented by Kroger]]. The 2011 U.S. Senior Open will be hosted at Inverness July 25 - 31, 2011. For tent packages and tickets call 419-536-2011. ===Motorsports=== [[Toledo Speedway]] is a local auto racetrack that features, among other events, stock car racing and concerts. ===Glass City Rollers=== The Glass City Rollers is a Female Roller Derby league. They are currently recruiting derby girls, referees, volunteers and sponsors. ==Major routes== *[[Interstate 75]] from [[Northwood, Ohio]] to [[Washington Township, Lucas County, Ohio]] *[[Interstate 280 (Ohio)|Interstate 280]] from [[Oregon, Ohio]] to Interstate 75 *[[Interstate 475 (Ohio)|Interstate 475]] from [[Sylvania Township, Lucas County, Ohio]] to Interstate 75 *[[US 20|U.S. Route 20]] Reynolds Road ([[Sylvania Township, Lucas County, Ohio]] to [[Maumee, Ohio]]) *[[US 24|U.S. Route 24]] S Detroit Avenue ([[Maumee, Ohio]] to Fearing Boulevard), Fearing Boulevard (S Detroit Avenue to N Detroit Avenue), N Detroit Avenue (Fearing Boulevard to Telegraph Road), Telegraph Road (N Detroit Highway to [[Bedford Township, Monroe County, Michigan]]) *[[Ohio State Highway 2|SR 2]] Airport Highway ([[Springfield Township, Lucas County, Ohio]] to Western Avenue), Western Avenue (Airport Highway to Broadway Street), Broadway Street (Western Avenue to Clayton Avenue), Clayton Avenue (turns into Woodville Road on the [[Anthony Wayne Bridge]], Woodville Road (Clayton Street to Navarre Ave), Navarre Ave (Woodville Road to [[Oregon, Ohio]]) *[[Ohio State Highway 25|SR 25]] Anthony Wayne Trail ([[Maumee, Ohio]] to Erie Street (northbound) and Michigan Avenue (southbound)), Greenbelt Parkway (Cherry Street (northbound) /Spielbusch Avenue (southbound) to Interstate 280), ends at Interstate 280 :*''(northbound)'' - Erie Street (Anthony Wayne Trail to Cherry Street), Cherry Street (Erie Street to Greenbelt Parkway) :*''(southbound)'' - Michigan Avenue (Spielbusch Avenue to Anthony Wayne Trail), Spielbusch Avenue (Greenbelt Parkway to Michigan Avenue) *[[Ohio State Highway 51|SR 51]] Monroe Street ([[Sylvania Township, Lucas County, Ohio]] to Summit Street), Summit Street (Monroe Street to Clayton Street), Clayton Street (turns into Woodville Road on the Anthony Wayne Bridge), Woodville Road (Clayton Street to [[Oregon, Ohio]]) *[[Ohio State Highway 65|SR 65]] Miami Street ([[Rossford, Ohio]] to Fassett Street), Fassett Street (Miami Street to Oak Street), Oak Street (Fassett Street to Woodville Road), Woodville Road (turns into Clayton Street on the Anthony Wayne Bridge), Clayton Street (Woodville Road to Summit Street), Summit Street (Clayton Street to Craig Memorial Bridge), Craig Memorial Bridge (Summit Street to Front Street/I-280) ends at Interstate 280 *[[Ohio State Highway 120|SR 120]] Central Avenue ([[Ottawa Hills, Ohio]] and [[Sylvania Township, Lucas County, Ohio]] to Cherry Street), Cherry Street (Central Avenue to [[Maumee River]]), ends at Maumee River *[[Ohio State Highway 184|SR 184]] Alexis Road ([[Sylvania Township, Lucas County, Ohio]] to Interstate 75), ends at Interstate 75 *[[Ohio State Highway 246|SR 246]] Dorr Street (Reynolds Road/US 20 to 17th Street), 17th Street (to Monroe Street), ends at Monroe Street ==Transportation== ===Air=== [[Toledo Express Airport]] serves the city. ===Rail transportation=== {{seealso|Martin Luther King, Jr. Plaza (Toledo)}} [[Amtrak]], the national passenger rail system, provides service to Toledo under the [[Capitol Limited (Amtrak)|Capitol Limited]] and the [[Lake Shore Limited]]. Both lines stop at [[Martin Luther King, Jr. Plaza (Toledo)]] which is the train station in Toledo. Freight rail service in Toledo is operated by the [[Norfolk Southern]], [[CSX Transportation]], [[Canadian National]], [[Ann Arbor]], and the [[Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway]]. All except the Wheeling have local terminals; The Wheeling operates into Toledo from the east through [[trackage rights]] on Norfolk Southern to connect with the Ann Arbor and the CN. ==References to Toledo in popular culture== * The character [[Maxwell Klinger]] from the [[M*A*S*H (TV series)|M*A*S*H television series]], played by Toledo native [[Jamie Farr]], made frequent references to Toledo, including the [[Toledo Mud Hens]] and [[Tony Packos]]. * [[John Denver]] sang a disparaging song about visiting Toledo entitled "Saturday Night In Toledo, Ohio" which was composed by Randy Sparks. The song was allegedly written because a concert venue refused to change their schedule to accommodate Denver. * Toledo is the subject of a song by [[Danny Michel]] that shares the city's name. * The 1942 film [[The Man Who Came to Dinner]] involves a runaway son who gets no farther than Toledo. * The 1945 film [[The Bells of St. Mary's]] Father O'Malley [[Bing Crosby]] untangles the girl's hair and exclaims, "Holy Toledo!". * The 1987 film [[The Secret of my Succe$s]] mentioned Toledo as being a location where one of the distribution centres is located for Pemrose Corporation. * The 1954 film [[Johnny Dark]], which starred [[Tony Curtis]] and [[Piper Laurie]], featured shots of the former Willys-Overland factory that made Jeeps. * [[Brewster's Millions (1985 film)|Brewster’s Millions]], a 1985 comedy starring [[Richard Pryor]], centers on a minor league baseball pitcher who played for the [[Mud Hens]]. * In the 1987 film [[Good Morning Vietnam]], [[Robin Williams]] asks a woman that he is trying to pick up if she is from Toledo. * Longtime [[Oakland Athletics]] announcer [[Bill King]] (1927-2005) is well-known for his catch-phrase "Holy Toledo!" * [[Kenny Rogers]] recorded a song entitled "Lucille" in 1977 that included the lines: "In a bar in Toledo, across from the depot, on a barstool she took off her ring." * [[Elvis Costello]] and [[Burt Bacharach]] composed and recorded a song entitled "Toledo" in 1998 and later in 1999 with Jazz guitarist [[Bill Frisell]] * In the 1979 film ''Apocalypse Now'' captain Benjamin Willard (played by Martin Sheen) mentions that he is from Toledo in a conversation with Colonel Walter E. Kurtz (played by Marlon Brando) * [[Five Iron Frenzy]] recorded a song entitled "Where is Micah?" in 1997 that included the lines: "I think we left him at the show. I think we left him in Toledo." * In Season 1 of [[Supernatural (TV Series)|Supernatural]], Episode 5(2005) titled Bloody Mary takes place in Toledo. ==Notable residents== Among famous residents of Toledo and its suburbs are: ===Arts and entertainment=== ====Architecture and Design==== *[[Norman Bel Geddes]] - industrial designer, Hollywood set designer, and noted modernist architect *[[Industrial Design|Harold Van Doren]] - co-founder and former President of [[Industrial Designers Society of America|Society of Industrial Designers]] ====Fine Arts==== *[[Joseph Kosuth]] - Conceptual Artist *[[John F. Swalley]] - Painter<ref>http://www.askart.com/askart/s/john_frederick_swalley/john_frederick_swalley.aspx</ref> ====Journalism==== *[[Amy Braunschweiger]] - Freelance journalist for ''[[The New York Times]]'' and ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' *[[Christine Brennan]], ''[[USA Today]]'' sports [[columnist]], [[ESPN]], [[ABC Sports]] and NPR sports analyst, and author of six books. *[[Janet Cooke]] - [[journalist]] with The [[Toledo Blade]] and [[The Washington Post]] *[[David Ross Locke]] - [[journalist]] and early political commentator during the [[American Civil War]] under the [[pen name]] Petroleum V. Nasby *[[P. J. O'Rourke]] - [[political satire|political satirist]], [[journalist]], and [[writer]] *[[Gloria Steinem]] - founder of [[Ms. magazine]], [[feminist]] icon, [[journalist]], and [[women's rights]] advocate ====Literature and poetry==== *[[Mildred Benson]] - author of the ''Nancy Drew'' series *[[Paul Lawrence Dunbar]] - [[African-American]] [[poet]], originally from [[Dayton, Ohio]] *[[Edward Eager]] - [[Author]] of many children's books *[[Mari Evans]] - [[author]] & [[dramatist]] *[[Christopher Moore (author)|Christopher Moore]] - novelist *[[Scott Nearing]] - [[conservationist]], [[peace activist]], [[educator]] and [[writer]]. Father of writer [[John Scott (writer)|John Scott]]. *[[Allen Saunders]] - [[cartoonist]] and creator of [[Mary Worth]] and [[Steve Roper]] comic strips. *[[Elizabeth Witherell]] - editor-in-chief of ''[[The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau]]'' ====Modeling==== *[[Cynthia Myers]] - [[Playboy magazine|Playboy]] Playmate model and actress *[[Jan Roberts]] - model featured as [[centerfold]] and [[Playmate of the Month]] in [[Playboy magazine]]'s August 1962 issue. ====Music==== *[[Anita Baker]] - [[Rhythm & Blues|R&B]] singer *[[Teresa Brewer]] - [[singer]] *[[Stanley Cowell]] - pianist and composer *[[Johnny and the Hurricanes]] *[[Jon Hendricks]] - member of the [[jazz]] group [[Lambert, Hendricks & Ross]] *[[Lyfe Jennings|Chester "Lyfe" Jennings]], singer *[[Kileak]] - DJ *[[Lollipop Lust Kill]] - heavy metal/alternative band *[[Gary Louris]] - singer and guitarist for [[The Jayhawks]] *[[Shirley Murdock]] - [[platinum record|platinum selling]] [[R&B]] [[singer]] in the 1980s who was a well known gospel singer before hitting it big as a secular recording artist. She now records gospel exclusively. *[[Jeff Nelson]] - [[Minor Threat]] drummer, founder of [[Dischord Records]] *[[Tom Scholz]] - guitarist and founder of the rock band [[Boston (band)|Boston]] (Ottawa Hills). *[[Scott Shriner]] - [[bassist]] of the rock band [[Weezer]] *[[Sanctus Real]] - Christian rock band *[[Stylex]] - [[electroclash]]/[[New Wave music|new wave]] band *[[Art Tatum]] - [[jazz]] [[pianist]] ====Theater and film==== *[[Cliff Arquette]] - [[actor]] and [[comedian]] *[[Jonathan Bennett (actor)|Jonathan Bennett]] - film actor *[[Joe E. Brown]] - actor and comedian *[[Daws Butler]] - [[voice actor]] *[[John Cromwell (director)|John Cromwell]] - American actor, [[film producer]] and [[film director|director]]. *[[Jason Dohring]] - actor *[[Jamie Farr]] - actor **[[Maxwell Klinger]] - fictional character in the television series ''[[M*A*S*H (TV series)|M*A*S*H]]'' *[[Philip Baker Hall]] - film actor *[[Katie Holmes]] - actress, wife of [[Tom Cruise]] *[[Eric Kripke]] - television [[writer]], [[Television director|director]] and [[Television producer|producer]] *[[Adrianne Palicki]] - television and film actress *[[Alyson Stoner]] - actress and dancer *[[Brandy Talore]] - pornographic movie actress * [[Lloyd Thaxton]] - producer, director, writer, hosted self-titled TV show in 1960s *[[Danny Thomas]] - actor and father of Marlo. *[[Marlo Thomas]] - actress, daughter of Danny, wife of [[Phil Donahue]] *[[Bonnie Turner]] - Creator of ''[[That '70s Show]]'' and ''[[3rd Rock from the Sun]]''. ===Business=== *[[Doug Dohring]] - former CEO and co-founder of Neopets *[[Cold Stone Creamery|Doug Ducey]] - CEO of Cold Stone Creamery *[[Edward Drummond Libbey]] - Glassmaker and philanthropist ===Politics and government=== *[[James Mitchell Ashley]] - [[abolitionist]] and author of the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] *[[Walter Folger Brown]] - [[United States Postmaster General]] 1929-1933, president of Toledo Humane Society 1911-1961 *[[Thomas Henry Burke (representative)]] - represented Ohio in the [[United States House of Representatives]] from 1949-1951 *[[Stephen Hadley]] - [[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] to President George W. Bush *[[Kristina Keneally]] - first [[United States|American]]-born member of [[Australia]]'s [[Parliament of New South Wales]] *[[Thomas Noe]] - former [[Ohio Republican Party]] fundraiser. Center of the [[Coingate]] scandal. *[[Michelle Rhee]] - Chancellor, [[District of Columbia Public Schools]] and founder of [[The New Teacher Project]] *[[John W. Snow]] - United States Secretary of the Treasury *[[Morrison Waite]] - Seventh [[Chief Justice of the United States]] *[[Brand Whitlock]] - US [[Minister (diplomacy)|Minister]] to [[Belgium]] during [[World War I]] ===Science and technology=== *[[Eugene F. Kranz|Eugene F. "Gene" Kranz]] - retired [[NASA]] [[flight director]] who served during the [[Project Gemini|Gemini]] & [[Project Apollo|Apollo]] space programs, known for his role in the rescue of ''[[Apollo 13]]'' *[[Michael S. Witherell]] - particle physicist, president of [[Fermilab]] ===Sports=== ====Baseball==== *[[Roger Bresnahan]] - Baseball Hall of Fame *[[Addie Joss]] - Baseball Hall of Fame *[[Jim Leyland]] - manager of [[Detroit Tigers]] [[Major League Baseball|major league]] [[baseball]] team *[[Doug Mientkiewicz]] - [[Major League Baseball|major league]] [[baseball]] player *[[George Mullin (baseball)|George Mullin]] - [[Major League Baseball|major league]] [[baseball]] player *[[John Lee Richmond]] - baseball player who pitched the first perfect game in major league history *[[Devin Vargas]] - Professional boxer former olympian *[[Moses Fleetwood Walker]] - First black professional baseball player ====Basketball==== *[[Don Donoher]] - former [[University of Dayton]] head [[basketball]] [[coach (sport)|coach]] *[[Dennis Hopson]] - American former professional basketball player *[[Jim Jackson (basketball)|Jim Jackson]], basketball player *[[Todd Mitchell]] - retired American professional basketball player *[[Steve Mix]] - retired American professional basketball player *[[Tony Peyton]] - last of the original [[Harlem Globetrotters]] *[[Kelvin Ransey]] - collegiate and professional [[basketball]] player ====Football==== *[[Rob Chudzinski]] - NFL/NCAA football former player & coach - the current offensive coordinator of the [[Cleveland Browns]] *[[Jim Harbaugh]] - former [[National Football League]] [[American football|football]] [[quarterback]] and head coach of [[Stanford University]]. *[[Curtis Johnson]] - #45 of 1972 undefeated [[Miami Dolphins]] "no-name defense". *[[Rick Upchurch]] - Professional football player *[[Chester Taylor]] - Running back for the Minnesota Vikings, former University of Toledo player *[[Nate Washington]] - #85 Pittsburgh Steelers graduated from Scott High School *[[Joe Tiller]] - Purdue University Head coach *[[Fred Davis]] - Tight End for the Washington Redskins, former USC player. Graduated from [[Robert S. Rogers High School]] *[[Myron Bell]] - Former professional football player, graduated from [[Macomber High School (Toledo, Ohio)|Macomber High School]] *[[Brandon Fields]] - Punter for the Miami Dolphins, graduated from [[St. John's Jesuit High School and Academy]] ====Ice hockey==== *[[Pat Jablonski]] - [[National Hockey League|NHL]] [[hockey]] goaltender *[[Bryan Smolinski]] - [[National Hockey League|NHL]] [[hockey]] player from suburban [[Genoa, Ohio]]. Attended [[Cardinal Stritch High School]], [[Oregon, Ohio]] ====Golf==== *[[Arthur Hills]] - [[golf course]] designer *[[Byron Nelson]] - World Golf Hall of Fame Member, PGA Tour Golfer, and former Inverness Club pro *[[Frank Stranahan]] - [[Professional Golfers' Association|professional]] [[golf]]er *[[A.W. Tillinghast]] - golf course designer ====Wrestling==== *[[Greg Wojciechowski]] - [[1980 Olympics|Olympic]] [[amateur wrestling|wrestler]] unable to compete due to the United States [[boycott]]. Alternate on the [[1984 Summer Olympics|1984]] and [[1988 Olympics|1988]] U.S. Olympic wrestling teams *[[Mark Kerr]] - [[Syracuse University]] Division I champion, USA Senior Champion, and professional [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] fighter ====Other sports==== *[[Paul Chamberlin]] - professional [[tennis]] player *[[Edmund Coffin]] - [[saddle]]maker & [[equestrianism|equestrian]] *[[Terry Cook]] - Driver in the [[NASCAR]] [[Craftsman Truck Series]] ===Other notoriety=== *[[Martin Frankel]] - former financier convicted in [[2002]] of [[insurance fraud]], [[racketeering]] and [[money laundering]]. *[[Ernest M. McSorley]] - [[Captain (nautical)|captain]] of the ill-fated [[lake freighter]] ''[[SS Edmund Fitzgerald]]'' *[[Gerald Robinson]] - [[Roman Catholic]] [[priest]] convicted of the [[murder]] of [[nun]] Margaret Ann Pahl on [[April 5]] [[1980]] {{seealso|List of mayors of Toledo, Ohio}} ==Sister cities== Toledo linked with [[Toledo, Spain]] as Sister Cities in 1931, creating the first Sister Cities relationship in the world. In total Toledo has eight [[town twinning|Sister Cities]], as designated by [http://www.sister-cities.org/ Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI)]: *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Delmenhorst]], [[Germany]] *{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Londrina]], [[Brazil]] *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Poznań]], [[Poland]] *{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Szeged]], [[Hungary]] *{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Csongrád County]], [[Hungary]] *{{flagicon|Tanzania}} [[Tanga, Tanzania|Tanga]], [[Tanzania]] *{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]], [[Spain]] *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Toyohashi]], [[Japan]] *{{flagicon|China}} [[Qinhuangdao]], [[People's Republic of China|China]] *{{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Bekaa Valley]], [[Lebanon]] According to [http://www.tsci.org/ Toledo Sister Cities International], Toledo also has five "friendship cities": *{{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Banja Luka]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] *{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Nikopol]], [[Ukraine]] *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Pohang]], [[South Korea]] *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Tomsk]], [[Russia]] *{{flagicon|Canada}} [[London]], [[Canada]] ==See also== * [[Greater Toledo]] * [[Toledo War]] * [[2005 Toledo Riot]] * [[One SeaGate]] * [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo]] * [[Toledo Zoo]] * [[Toledo Museum of Art]] * [[TARTA]], local bus transportation * [[COSI Toledo]], science museum * [[Toledo City League]], high school sports league * [[Toledo Mud Hens]], baseball team * [[Baseball parks of Toledo, Ohio]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [http://www.ci.toledo.oh.us/ The Official City of Toledo] * [http://www.washington-twp.com Washington Local Township] * [http://www.toledo.com/ Toledo.com] * [http://www.toledooldwestend.com/main.aspx Old West End (historic district)] * [http://www.dotoledo.org/ Greater Toledo Convention and Visitors Bureau] * [http://www.tps.org/ Toledo Public Schools] * [http://www.toledodiocese.org/ Catholic Diocese of Toledo] * [http://www.library.toledo.oh.us/ Toledo-Lucas County Public Library] * [http://toledoexplorer.com Toledo Explorer] * [http://www.toledotalk.com/ Toledo Talk] * [http://www.toledosattic.org Toledo's Attic], an online museum of Northwest Ohio History. * [http://www.tsci.org Toledo Sister Cities International, Serving Northwestern Ohio] * [http://www.glasscityrollers.com/ The Glass City Rollers] * [http://westmorelandassociation.org/ The Westmoreland Association] {{Toledo}} {{Lucas County, Ohio}} {{Ohio}} {{AllAmericanCity}} [[Category:Settlements established in 1794]] [[Category:Cities in Ohio]] [[Category:Cities on the Great Lakes]] [[Category:County seats in Ohio]] [[Category:Lucas County, Ohio]] [[Category:Port cities in the United States]] [[Category:Toledo, Ohio| ]] [[Category:Toledo metropolitan area]] [[ar:توليدو، أوهايو]] [[bg:Толедо (САЩ)]] [[ca:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[cs:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[da:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[de:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[et:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[es:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[fa:تولیدو]] [[fr:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[ko:털리도]] [[id:Toledo, Ohio]] [[it:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[nl:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[ja:トレド (オハイオ州)]] [[no:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[pl:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[pt:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[ro:Toledo, Ohio]] [[ru:Толедо (Огайо)]] [[simple:Toledo, Ohio]] [[sr:Толидо]] [[sh:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[fi:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[sv:Toledo, Ohio]] [[vo:Toledo (Ohio)]] [[zh:托莱多 (俄亥俄州)]]