Tonguefish 4604825 215559566 2008-05-28T19:08:34Z DOI bot 6652755 Citation maintenance. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. {{Taxobox | name = Tonguefishes | image = Symphurus pusillus.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = [[Northern tonguefish]], ''Symphurus pusillus'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Actinopterygii]] | ordo = [[Pleuronectiformes]] | familia = '''Cynoglossidae''' | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''[[Cynoglossus]]''<br/> ''[[Paraplagusia]]''<br/> ''[[Symphurus]]''<br/> See text for species. }} '''Tonguefishes''' are a family, '''Cynoglossidae''', of [[flatfish]]es.<ref name="fishbase">{{FishBase family | family = Cynoglossidae | month = February | year = 2006}}</ref> They are found in tropical and subtropical oceans, mainly in shallow waters and [[estuary|estuaries]], though a few species found in deep sea floors, and a few in rivers. Some species have been observed congregating around ponds of sulphur that pool up from beneath the seafloor. Scientists are unsure of the mechanism that allows the fish to survive and even thrive in such a hostile environment, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6212716.stm]. ==Species== There are 137 species in 3 genera:<ref name="fishbase"/><ref>{{ITIS | ID = 173060 | taxon = Cynoglossidae | date = 2 April | year = 2006}}</ref> * Genus ''[[Cynoglossus]]'' ** [[Three-lined tongue sole]], ''[[Cynoglossus abbreviatus]]'' <small>([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1834)</small>. ** [[Natal tongue-fish]], ''[[Cynoglossus acaudatus]]'' <small>Gilchrist, 1906</small>. ** [[Sharpnose tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus acutirostris]]'' <small>Norman, 1939</small>. ** [[Largescale tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus arel]]'' <small>([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]] & [[Johann Gottlob Schneider|Schneider]], 1801)</small>. ** [[Fourline tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus attenuatus]]'' <small>(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1917)</small>. ** [[Fourlined tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus bilineatus]]'' <small>([[Bernard Germain Étienne De La Ville, Comte De Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1802)</small>. ** [[Southern tongue sole]], ''[[Cynoglossus broadhursti]]'' <small>Waite, 1905</small>. ** [[Nigerian tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus browni]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1949</small>. ** [[Ghanaian tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus cadenati]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1947</small>. ** [[Canary tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus canariensis]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1882</small>. ** [[Sand tonguefish]], ''[[Cynoglossus capensis]]'' <small>([[Johann Jakob Kaup|Kaup]], 1858)</small>. ** [[Hooked tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus carpenteri]]'' <small>[[Alfred William Alcock|Alcock]], 1889</small>. ** [[Bengal tongue sole]], ''[[Cynoglossus cynoglossus]]'' <small>([[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|Hamilton]], 1822)</small>. ** [[Roundhead toungesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus dispar]]'' <small>Day, 1877</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus dollfusi]]'' <small>(Chabanaud, 1931)</small>. ** [[Carrot tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus dubius]]'' <small>Day, 1873</small>. ** [[Durban tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus durbanensis]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1921</small>. ** [[River tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus feldmanni]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1853)</small>. ** [[Ripplefin tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus gilchristi]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1920</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus gracilis]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1873</small>. ** [[Freshwater tongue sole]], ''[[Cynoglossus heterolepis]]'' <small>Weber, 1910</small>. ** [[Genko sole]], ''[[Cynoglossus interruptus]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1880</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus itinus]]'' <small>(Snyder, 1909)</small>. ** [[Red tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus joyneri]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1878</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus kapuasensis]]'' <small>Fowler, 1905</small>. ** [[Shortheaded tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus kopsii]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1851)</small>. ** [[Lachner's tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus lachneri]]'' <small>Menon, 1977</small>. ** [[Roughscale tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus lida]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1851)</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus lighti]]'' <small>Norman, 1925</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus lineolatus]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1867</small>. ** [[Long tongue sole]], ''[[Cynoglossus lingua]]'' <small>Hamilton, 1822</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus maccullochi]]'' <small>Norman, 1926</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus macrolepidotus]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1851)</small>. ** [[Big-eyed tongue-sole]], ''[[Cynoglossus macrophthalmus]]'' <small>Norman, 1926</small>. ** [[Malabar tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus macrostomus]]'' <small>Norman, 1928</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus maculipinnis]]'' <small>Rendahl, 1921</small>. ** [[Threeline tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus marleyi]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1921</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus melampetalus]]'' <small>([[John Richardson (naturalist)|Richardson]], 1846)</small>. ** [[Smallscale tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus microlepis]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1851)</small>. ** [[Guinean tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus monodi]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1949</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus monopus]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1849)</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus nigropinnatus]]'' <small>Ochiai, 1963</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus ogilbyi]]'' <small>Norman, 1926</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus oligolepis]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1854)</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus pottii]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1902</small>. ** [[Speckled tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus puncticeps]]'' <small>([[John Richardson (naturalist)|Richardson]], 1846)</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1905</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus robustus]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1873</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus roulei]]'' <small>Wu, 1932</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus sealarki]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1908</small>. ** [[Bengal tongue-sole]], ''[[Cynoglossus semifasciatus]]'' <small>Day, 1877</small>. ** [[Tongue sole]], ''[[Cynoglossus semilaevis]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1873</small>. ** [[Senegalese tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus senegalensis]]'' <small>([[Johann Jakob Kaup|Kaup]], 1858)</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus sibogae]]'' <small>Weber, 1913</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus sinicus]]'' <small>Wu, 1932</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus sinusarabici]]'' <small>(Chabanaud, 1931)</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus suyeni]]'' <small>Fowler, 1934</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus trigrammus]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1862</small>. ** [[Macau sole]], ''[[Cynoglossus trulla]]'' <small>([[Theodore Edward Cantor|Cantor]], 1849)</small>. ** ''[[Cynoglossus waandersii]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1854)</small>. ** [[Zanzibar tonguesole]], ''[[Cynoglossus zanzibarensis]]'' <small>Norman, 1939</small>. * Genus ''[[Paraplagusia]]'' ** [[Doublelined tonguesole]], ''[[Paraplagusia bilineata]]'' <small>([[Bernard Germain Étienne De La Ville, Comte De Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1802)</small>. ** [[Bloch's tonguesole]], ''[[Paraplagusia blochii]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1851)</small>. ** ''[[Paraplagusia guttata]]'' <small>(Macleay, 1878)</small>. ** [[Black cow-tongue]], ''[[Paraplagusia japonica]]'' <small>([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]] & [[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1846)</small>. ** [[Long-snouted tongue sole]], ''[[Paraplagusia longirostris]]'' <small>Chapleau, Renaud & Kailola, 1991</small>. ** [[Dusky tongue sole]], ''[[Paraplagusia sinerama]]'' <small>Chapleau & Renaud, 1993</small>. * Genus ''[[Symphurus]]'' ** [[Caribbean tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus arawak]]'' <small>Robins & Randall, 1965</small>. ** [[Inkspot tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus atramentatus]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Bollman, 1890</small>. ** [[California tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus atricaudus]]'' <small>([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1880)</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus australis]]'' <small>(Rendahl, 1922)</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus bathyspilus]]'' <small>Krabbenhoft & Munroe, 2003</small>. ** [[Kriete's tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus billykrietei]]'' <small>Munroe, 1998</small>. ** [[Chocolate tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus callopterus]]'' <small>Munroe & Mahadeva, 1989</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus caribbeanus]]'' <small>Munroe, 1991</small>. ** [[Chabanaud's tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus chabanaudi]]'' <small>Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990</small>. ** [[Offshore tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus civitatium]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1951</small>. ** [[Devil's tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus diabolicus]]'' <small>Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990</small>. ** [[Spottedfin tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus diomedeanus]]'' <small>([[George Brown Goode|Goode]] & [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1885)</small>.[[Image:Symphurus diomedeanus.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Spottedfin tonguefish]], ''Symphurus diomedeanus'']] ** [[Elongate tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus elongatus]]'' <small>(nil)</small>. ** [[Banded tongue-fish]], ''[[Symphurus fasciolaris]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1892</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus fuscus]]'' <small>Brauer, 1906</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus gilesii]]'' <small>([[Alfred William Alcock|Alcock]], 1889)</small>. ** [[Ginsburg's tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus ginsburgi]]'' <small>Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976</small>. ** [[Gorgonian tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus gorgonae]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1948</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus hondoensis]]'' <small>Hubbs, 1915</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus insularis]]'' <small>Munroe, Brito & Hernández, 2000</small>. ** [[Jenyn's tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus jenynsi]]'' <small>Evermann & Kendall, 1907</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus kyaropterygium]]'' <small>Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976</small>. ** [[Lee's tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus leei]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Bollman, 1890</small>. ** [[Elongate tonguesole]], ''[[Symphurus ligulatus]]'' <small>(Cocco, 1844)</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus lubbocki]]'' <small>Munroe, 1990</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus luzonensis]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1955</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus macrophthalmus]]'' <small>(Norman, 1926)</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus maldivensis]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1955</small>. ** [[Margined tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus marginatus]]'' <small>([[George Brown Goode|Goode]] & [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1886)</small>.[[Image:Symphurus marginatus.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Margined tonguefish]], ''Symphurus marginatus'']] ** ''[[Symphurus marmoratus]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1851)</small>. ** [[Drab tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus melanurus]]'' <small>Clark, 1936</small>. ** [[Blackstripe tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus melasmatotheca]]'' <small>Munroe & Nizinski, 1990</small>. ** [[Smallfin tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus microlepis]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1851)</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus microrhynchus]]'' <small>(Weber, 1913)</small>. ** [[Largescale tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus minor]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1951</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus monostigmus]]'' <small>Munroe, 2006</small>.<ref>{{cite journal | journal = Copeia | volume = 2006 | issue = 2 | year = 2006 | pages = 231ff | title = New western Indian Ocean tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae, Symphurus). | author = Munroe | doi = 10.1643/0045-8511(2006)6[230:NWIOTP]2.0.CO;2 | doilabel = 10.1643/0045-8511(2006)6&#x5B;230:NWIOTP&#x5D;2.0.CO;2}}</ref> ** [[Freckled tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus nebulosus]]'' <small>([[George Brown Goode|Goode]] & [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1883)</small>.[[Image:Symphurus nebulosus.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Freckled tonguefish]], ''Symphurus nebulosus'']] ** [[Tonguesole]], ''[[Symphurus nigrescens]]'' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz|Rafinesque]], 1810</small>. ** [[Norman's tonguesole]], ''[[Symphurus normani]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1950</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus novemfasciatus]]'' <small>Shen & Lin, 1984</small>. ** [[Double-spot tonguesole]], ''[[Symphurus ocellatus]]'' <small>(nil)</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus oculellus]]'' <small>Munroe, 1991</small>. ** [[Spotfin tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus oligomerus]]'' <small>Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990</small>. ** [[Ocellated tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus ommaspilus]]'' <small>Böhlke, 1961</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus orientalis]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1879)</small>. ** [[Pygmy tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus parvus]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1951</small>. ** [[Longtail tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus pelicanus]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1951</small>. ** [[Deepwater tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus piger]]'' <small>(nil)</small>.[[Image:Symphurus piger.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Deepwater tonguefish]], ''Symphurus piger'']] ** [[Blackcheek tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus plagiusa]]'' <small>([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766)</small>. ** [[Duskycheek tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus plagusia]]'' <small>([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]] & [[Johann Gottlob Schneider|Schneider]], 1801)</small>. ** [[Halfstriped tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus prolatinaris]]'' <small>Munroe, Nizinski & Mahadeva, 1991</small>. ** [[Northern tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus pusillus]]'' <small>([[George Brown Goode|Goode]] & [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1885)</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus regani]]'' <small>Weber & de Beaufort, 1929</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus reticulatus]]'' <small>Munroe, 1990</small>. ** [[Patchtail tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus rhytisma]]'' <small>Böhlke, 1961</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus schultzi]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1955</small>. ** [[Sevenband tonguesole]], ''[[Symphurus septemstriatus]]'' <small>([[Alfred William Alcock|Alcock]], 1891)</small>. ** [[Blotchfin tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus stigmosus]]'' <small>Munroe, 1998</small>. ** [[Blackbelly tonguesole]], ''[[Symphurus strictus]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1905</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus tessellatus]]'' <small>([[Jean René Constant Quoy|Quoy]] & [[Joseph Paul Gaimard|Gaimard]], 1824)</small>. ** [[Trewavas' tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus trewavasae]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1948</small>. ** [[Threeband tonguesole]], ''[[Symphurus trifasciatus]]'' <small>([[Alfred William Alcock|Alcock]], 1894)</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus undatus]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1905</small>. ** [[Dark cheek tongue]], ''[[Symphurus undecimplerus]]'' <small>Munroe & Nizinski, 1990</small>. ** [[Spottail tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus urospilus]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1951</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus vanmelleae]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1952</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus variegatus]]'' <small>(Gilchrist, 1903)</small>. ** [[Mottled tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus varius]]'' <small>[[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1899</small>. ** [[William's tonguefish]], ''[[Symphurus williamsi]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Culver, 1895</small>. ** ''[[Symphurus woodmasoni]]'' <small>([[Alfred William Alcock|Alcock]], 1889)</small>. == References == <references/> [[Category:Cynoglossidae| ]] [[de:Hundszungen (Fische)]] [[fr:Cynoglossidae]] [[lt:Kairiaakiai jūrų liežuviai]] [[nl:Hondstongen]] [[ja:ウシノシタ]] [[pl:Ciosankowate]] [[pt:Cynoglossidae]] [[th:วงศ์ปลายอดม่วง]] [[zh:舌鰨科]]