Total Quality Management 143996 223701838 2008-07-05T10:01:49Z 80.191.148.175 /* TQM in manufacturing */ {{weasel}} {{buzzword}} '''Total Quality Management''' ('''TQM''') is a [[management]] strategy aimed at embedding [[awareness]] of [[quality]] in all organizational processes. TQM has been widely used in [[manufacturing]], [[education]], [[call centers]], [[government]], and [[service industry|service industries]], as well as [[NASA]] space and science programs. ==Definition== '''''TQM is composed of three paradigms:''''' *Total: Involving the entire organization, supply chain, and/or product life cycle *[[Quality]]: With its usual Definitions, with all its complexities [http://www.webdictionary.co.uk/definition.php?query=quality (External Definition)] *[[Management]]: The system of managing with steps like [[Quality Management System processes|Plan, Organize, Control]], [[leadership|Lead]], [[Labour (economics)|Staff]], [[Logistics|provisioning]] and [[Organizing|the likes]]{{Fact|date=September 2007}}. As defined by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO): :"TQM is a management approach for an organization, centered on quality, based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long-term success through customer satisfaction, and benefits to all members of the organization and to society." ISO 8402:1994 {{Fact|date=September 2007}} One major aim is to reduce variation from every process so that greater consistency of effort is obtained. (Royse, D., Thyer, B., Padgett D., & Logan T., 2006) In Japan, TQM comprises four process steps, namely: # ''[[Kaizen]]'' – Focuses on "Continuous Process Improvement", to make processes ''visible'', ''repeatable'' and ''measurable''. # ''[[Atarimae Hinshitsu]]'' – The idea that "things will work as they are supposed to" (for example, a pen will write). # ''[[Kansei Engineering|Kansei]]'' – Examining the way the user applies the product leads to improvement in the product itself. # ''[[Miryokuteki Hinshitsu]]'' – The idea that "things should have an aesthetic quality" (for example, a pen will write in a way that is pleasing to the writer).{{Fact|date=September 2007}} TQM requires that the company maintain this [[quality standard]] in all aspects of its [[business]]. This requires ensuring that things are done right the first time and that defects and waste are eliminated from [[manufacturing operations|operations]].{{Fact|date=September 2007}} ===A Comprehensive Definition=== TQM Total Quality Management is the organization wide management of quality. We know that management consists of planning, organizing, directing, control, and assurance. Then, one has to define "total quality". Total quality is called '''total''' because it consists of two qualities: '''Quality''' of return to satisfy the needs of the shareholders, '''Quality''' of products TQM Article: http://www.betsa.ir/Cat/21.aspx '''[http://www.betsa.ir/Cat/21.aspx]''' ==Origins== {{Contradict}} "Total Quality Control" was the key concept of [[Armand Feigenbaum]]'s 1951 book, ''Quality Control: Principles, Practice, and Administration'', in a chapter titled "Total Quality Control" Feigenbaum grabs on to an idea that sparked many scholars interest in the following decades, that would later be catapulted from Total Quality Control to Total Quality Management. [[W. Edwards Deming]], [[Joseph Juran]], [[Philip B. Crosby]], and [[Kaoru Ishikawa]], known as the big four, also contributed to the body of knowledge now known as Total Quality Management. The [[American Society for Quality]] says that the term Total Quality Management was used by the U.S. Naval Air Systems Command "to describe its Japanese-style management approach to quality improvement."[http://www.asq.org/learn-about-quality/total-quality-management/overview/overview.html] This is consistent with the story that the [[United States]] [[Department of the Navy|Navy]] [[Personnel Research and Development Center]] began researching the use of [[statistical process control]] (SPC); the work of Juran, Crosby, and Ishikawa; and the philosophy of [[W. Edwards Deming]] to make performance improvements in 1984. This approach was first tested at the [[North Island Naval Aviation Depot]]. ==TQM and contingency-based research== TQM has not been independent of its environment. In the context of management accounting systems (MCSs), Sim and Killough (1998) show that incentive pay enhanced the positive effects of TQM on customer and quality performance. Ittner and Larcker (1995) demonstrated that product focused TQM was linked to timely problem solving information and flexible revisions to reward systems. Chendall (2003) summarizes the findings from contingency-based research concerning management control systems and TQM by noting that “TQM is associated with broadly based MCSs including timely, flexible, externally focused information; close interactions between advanced technologies and strategy; and non-financial performance measurement.” (p.143)tqm its kind of process.,... ==TQM, just another [[Management fad]]?== Abrahamson (1996) argued that fashionable management discourse such as [[Quality Circles]] tends to follow a [[lifecycle]] in the form of a [[bell curve]]. ==See also== * [[Quality Management System]] [[Category:Quality]] [[ar:إدارة الجودة الشاملة]] [[de:Total Quality Management]] [[es:Gestión total de calidad]] [[fr:Qualité totale]] [[ko:전사적 품질 관리]] [[hr:Potpuno upravljanje kvalitetom]] [[id:TQM]] [[it:Qualità totale]] [[he:ניהול איכות כוללני]] [[hu:TQM]] [[nl:Total Quality Management]] [[ja:TQM]] [[pl:Zarządzanie przez jakość]] [[pt:Gestão da qualidade total]] [[ro:Tqm]] [[ru:TQM]] [[sv:Total Quality Management]] [[zh:全面品管]]