Toxicogenomics
1677333
218614907
2008-06-11T12:38:20Z
Jfdwolff
46555
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/220.227.116.220|220.227.116.220]] ([[User talk:220.227.116.220|talk]]) to last version by Mai-tai-guy
'''Toxicogenomics''' is a form of analysis by which the activity of a particular [[toxin]] or chemical substance on living [[biological tissue|tissue]] can be identified based upon a profiling of its known effects on [[genetics|genetic]] material. Once viable, the technique should serve for [[toxicology]] and toxin-determination a role analogous to [[DNA]]-testing in the [[forensic]] identification of individuals.
Toxicogenomics may also be of use as a preventative measure to predict [[adverse effect (medicine)|adverse "side"]], i.e. [[toxic]], effects, of pharmaceutical drugs on susceptible individuals. This involves using [[genomics|genomic]] techniques such as [[gene expression]] level profiling and [[single-nucleotide polymorphism]] analysis of the [[genetic variation]] of individuals.
Studies of those types are then correlated to adverse [[toxicology|toxicological]] effects in [[clinical trials]] so that suitable [[diagnostic]] [[Marker|markers]] (measurable signs) for these [[adverse effect (medicine)|adverse effect]]s can be developed.
Using such methods, it would then be theoretically possible to test an individual [[patient]] for his or her susceptibility to these [[adverse effect (medicine)|adverse effect]]s before administering a drug. [[Patient]]s that would show the marker for an [[adverse effect (medicine)|adverse effect]] would be switched to a different [[medication|drug]]. While this approach is currently theoretical, it has great potential.
There are many well-publicized cases in which popular drugs such as [[Vioxx]] and [[fen-phen]] were pulled from the market because of [[toxic]] effects experienced by a small percentage of patients, with a cost of many billions of dollars to the companies responsible, and the loss of a helpful drug to individuals not at risk for the side effects. If an accurate test using toxicogenomic methods could be developed that successfully identified patients who are susceptible to these [[adverse effect (medicine)|adverse effects]], these drugs could be returned to market with very little risk.
Such would have the triple benefit of re-allowing the therapeutic use of a previously banned drug, preventing potentially life-threatening [[Adverse effect (medicine)|side effects]], and restoring the majority of the lost [[market share]] of these drugs to the company that developed them.
==See also==
*[[Comparative Toxicogenomics Database]]
*[[Genomics]]
** [[Chemogenomics]]
** [[Structural genomics]]
** [[Pharmacogenetics]]
** [[Pharmacogenomics]]
* [[Genevestigator]]
==External links==
[http://ctd.mdibl.org/ Comparative Toxicogenomics Database] - a public database that integrates toxicogenomic data for chemicals, genes, and diseases from the scientific literature.
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[[Category:Genomics]]
[[ko:독성유전체학]]