Toxidrome
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221278147
2008-06-23T20:45:45Z
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In [[medicine]], a '''toxidrome''' ([[portmanteau]] of [[toxic]] and [[syndrome]]) is a syndrome caused by a dangerous level of [[toxin]]s in the body. Common [[symptom]]s include [[dizziness]], [[disorientation]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], and [[oscillopsia]]. A toxidrome may indicate a [[medical emergency]] requiring treatment at a [[poison control center]]. Aside from [[poison]]ing, a systemic [[infection]] may also lead to a toxidrome.
The most common toxidromes are classified as:
* [[Anticholinergic]]
* [[Cholinergic]]
* [[Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants|Hallucinogenic]]
* [[Opiate]]
* [[Sedative]]/[[hypnotic]]
* [[Sympathomimetic]]
==Anticholinergic toxidrome==<!-- This section is linked from [[Atropine]] -->
The symptoms of an '''anticholinergic toxidrome''' include blurred vision, [[choreoathetosis]], [[coma]], decreased [[bowel]] sounds, [[delirium]], dry [[skin]], [[fever]], [[Flushing (physiology)|flushing]], [[hallucination]]s, [[ileus]], [[memory loss]], [[mydriasis]] (dilated [[pupils]]), [[myoclonus]], [[psychosis]], [[seizure]]s, and [[urinary retention]]. [[Complication (medicine)|Complication]]s include [[hypertension]], [[hyperthermia]], and [[tachycardia]]. Substances that may cause this toxidrome include [[antihistamine]]s, [[atropine]], [[benztropine]], [[datura]], [[tricyclic antidepressant]]s, and [[scopolamine]].
Due to the characteristic appearance and behavior of patients with this toxidrome, they are [[colloquial]]ly described as "Hot as a Hare, Dry as a Bone, Red as a Beet, Mad as a Hatter, Blind as a Bat".
==Cholinergic toxidrome==
The symptoms of a '''cholinergic toxidrome''' include [[bronchorrhea]], [[confusion]], [[defecation]], [[diaphoresis]], [[diarrhea]], [[emesis]], [[lacrimation]], [[miosis]], [[muscle fasciculation]]s, [[salivation]], [[seizure]]s, [[urination]], and weakness. Complications include [[bradycardia]], [[hypothermia]], and [[tachypnea]]. Substances that may cause this toxidrome include [[carbamate]]s, [[mushroom]]s, and [[organophosphate]]s.
A mnemonic device to remember the signs/symptoms of organophosphate toxicity is SLUDGE- Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diaphoresis, Gastrointestinal distress, and Emesis.
==Hallucinogenic toxidrome==
The symptoms of a '''hallucinogenic toxidrome''' include [[disorientation]], [[hallucination]]s, hyperactive bowel sounds, [[panic]], and [[seizure]]s. Complications include [[hypertension]], [[tachycardia]], and [[tachypnea]]. Substances that may cause this toxidrome include [[amphetamine]]s, [[cocaine]], and [[phencyclidine]].
==Opiate toxidrome==
The symptoms of an '''opiate toxidrome''' include [[Altered state of consciousness|altered mental state]]s, [[miosis]], [[Shock (medical)|shock]], and unresponsiveness. Complications include [[bradycardia]], [[hypotension]], [[hypothermia]], [[shallow respiration]]s, and a slow respiratory rate. Substances that may cause this toxidrome include [[dextromethorphan]], [[opiate]]s, and [[propoxyphene]].
==Sedative/hypnotic toxidrome==
The symptoms of a '''sedative/hypnotic toxidrome''' include [[ataxia]], blurred vision, [[coma]], [[confusion]], [[delirium]], deterioration of [[central nervous system]] functions, [[diplopia]], [[dysesthesias]], [[hallucination]]s, [[nystagmus]], [[paresthesias]], [[sedation]], slurred speech, and [[stupor]]. [[Apnea]] is a potential complication. Substances that may cause this toxidrome include [[anticonvulsant]]s, [[barbiturate]]s, [[benzodiazepine]]s, and [[ethanol]].
==Sympathomimetic toxidrome==
The symptoms of a '''sympathomimetic toxidrome''' include [[anxiety]], [[delusion]]s, [[diaphoresis]], [[hyperreflexia]], [[mydriasis]], [[paranoia]], [[piloerection]], and [[seizure]]s. Complications include [[bradycardia]], [[hypertension]], and [[tachycardia]]. Substances that may cause this toxidrome include [[albuterol]], [[amphetamine]]s, [[cocaine]], [[ephedrine]] ([[Ma Huang]]), [[methamphetamine]], [[phenylpropanolamine]] (PPA's), and [[pseudoephedrine]].
==External links==
* [http://www.uic.edu/com/er/toxikon/toxidro.htm Toxidromes]
* [http://home.coqui.net/myrna/toxic.htm Physical Signs and Symptoms of Common Toxicologic Emergencies]
[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
[[Category:Medical terms]]
[[ru:Токсикоз]]