Trevi 1017564 223575417 2008-07-04T18:12:52Z Lightbot 7178666 Units/dates/other {{otherplaces}} {{Infobox CityIT | img_coa = trevi-Stemma.gif| official_name = Comune di Trevi | name = Trevi | region = [[Umbria]] | province = [[Province of Perugia|Perugia]] (PG) | elevation_m = 412 | area_total_km2 = 71.2 | population_as_of = Dec. 2004 | population_total = 8007 | population_density_km2 = 112 | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]], [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+1 | coordinates = {{coor dm|42|53|N|12|45|E|type:city(8,007)_region:IT}}| frazioni = Borgo, [[Bovara]], [[Cannaiola]], Coste, [[Pigge|Lapigge]], [[Manciano (PG)|Manciano]], [[Matigge]], Parrano, Picciche, San Lorenzo, Santa Maria in Valle | telephone = 0742 | postalcode = 06039 (hillside) and 06032 (valley) | gentilic = Trevani | saint = St. Emilian| day = [[January 28]]| mayor = Giuliano Nalli| website = [http://www.comune.trevi.pg.it/ www.comune.trevi.pg.it] | mapy = 12.7500 | mapx = 42.8833 | }} '''Trevi''' (Latin: [[Trebiae]]) is an ancient town and ''[[comune]] ''in [[Umbria]], [[Italy]], on the lower flank of [[Monte Serano]] overlooking the wide plain of the [[Clitumnus river|Clitunno]] river system. It is 10&nbsp;km (6&nbsp;mi) SSE of [[Foligno]] and 20&nbsp;km (12&nbsp;mi) north of [[Spoleto]]. [[Image:Trevi z20.JPG|thumb|left|View of Trevi.]] The population of the ''comune'' was c. 8,000 in 2004, with the town proper accounting for about half of that; the rest lives in the ''[[frazione|frazioni]]'' of Borgo, [[Bovara]], [[Cannaiola]], Coste, [[Pigge]], [[Manciano (PG)| Manciano]], [[Matigge]], Parrano, Picciche, San Lorenzo and Santa Maria in Valle. The historical subdivisions of Trevi proper are the [[terziere|terzieri]] of Castello, Matiggia e Piano; they come into play only for the [[Palio]]. Most of the town, densely inhabited and of decidedly medieval aspect, lies on sharply sloping terrain, only the very center being more or less flat. It commands one of the best views in Umbria, extending over 50&nbsp;km (30&nbsp;mi) in most westerly directions. Trevi is served by the main rail line from [[Rome]] to [[Ancona]] as well as the line from [[Florence]] to Rome via Perugia. ==Geography== The territory of the ''comune'', extends over 71&nbsp;sq.&nbsp;km (27.7&nbsp;sq.&nbsp;mi.) from the valley (210&nbsp;m) to Mts.&nbsp;Brunette (1422&nbsp;m/4665&nbsp;feet) and Serano (1429&nbsp;m/4688&nbsp;feet) and can be divided into three more or less equal zones: plain, hills, and mountain; each with its own characteristic vegetation. In the plain, the very fertile land is well irrigated by many watercourses, heirs for the most part to the "[[Lacus Clitorius]]" of Antiquity, and is suited to annual crops. The hills, of a very loose alkaline limestone with excellent drainage, are an ideal terrain for the intensive and highly specialized cultivation of olive trees, that produce a very characteristic and highly prized oil. Finally, the mountains are clothed in meadows and forests, primarily deciduous. The natural environment of the territory as a whole remains largely unspoiled, this despite being significantly populated for millennia. The mountainous area is now witnessing a considerable depopulation &mdash; as elsewhere in Italy, in the second half of the 20th century settlements at the highest elevations have been rapidly losing their inhabitants to the plains. The most important growth areas since the period following World War&nbsp;II have been Borgo Trevi (commercial, residential and offices), Pietrarossa (industrial) and Matigge (light and medium industry, commercial). Many rivers and canals, none of them very large, run in a general South-to-North direction, converging into a single river near [[Bevagna]]. Their courses are by now highly artificial, the result of land and water management projects undertaken over many centuries, since they are recorded at least as early as the time of [[Theodoric the Great]] (6th century) and have continued down to our own time with the construction of dams and works to regularize the seasonal waters of the [[Marroggia River|Marroggia]] that had been subject to frequent torrential overflows with sudden and disastrous results. The most important of the year-round watercourses is the Clitunno River, celebrated in Antiquity as the [[Clitumnus]] whose deified waters were reputed to have miraculous properties, and which have been lauded in prose and verse by [[Pliny the Younger]], [[Sextus Propertius|Propertius]], [[Claudian]], [[Joseph Addison|Addison]], [[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron|Byron]] and [[Giosuè Carducci|Carducci]]. Trevi borders the following municipalities: [[Campello sul Clitunno]], [[Castel Ritaldi]], [[Foligno]], [[Montefalco]], [[Sellano]], [[Spoleto]]. ==History== In Antiquity, [[Pliny the Elder]] mentioned Trevi as a city of the ancient Umbrians, which has been confirmed by the find of an Umbrian inscription within the territory of the comune, at [[Bovara]], in the 1950s. ''"Treviae"'' is also mentioned in the [[5th century|5th‑century]] [[Bordeaux Itinerary]]. After the earliest period, the history of which is essentially unknown, but to which the walls in the core hill portion of the town attest, dated to the 1st century BC, the first stage of the development of Trevi beyond the hill took place under the [[Roman Empire|Empire]], when [[Hadrian]] restored the main road through the territory, the [[Via Flaminia]], thus spurring the growth of a suburb in the plain at the place now called Pietrarossa, where sporadic excavations over several centuries have brought to light many remains: among them Roman baths that appear to have been still more or less in use in the time of [[Francis of Assisi|St. Francis]], who is known to have visited the area and to have advised people to bathe there. In antiquity Trevi is said to have had jurisdiction over much of the valley below, all the way to the [[Monti Martani]] that form the central backbone of Umbria. The seat of a bishop until the 11th century, Trevi was a [[Lombards|Lombard]] viceroyalty (it. ''gastaldato''), then, in the early 13th century, freed itself of outside rulership to become a free commune. It generally allied itself with Perugia in order to defend itself from nearby Spoleto, and fought several wars with other neighboring communes, with varying outcomes, including invasion by Spoleto in the 14th century and a brief but unhappy rule of the Trinci warlords of Foligno. In 1438 Trevi passed under the temporal rule of the Church as part of the legation of Perugia, and thenceforth its history merges first with that of the [[Papal States|States of the Church]], then (1860) with the united [[Italy|Kingdom of Italy]]. Trevi's best fortunes were in the 15th century, when its commercial importance was such that it was called "il porto secco" &mdash; the dry port. In 1470, along with Foligno, Trevi became the fourth town in Italy to have a [[printing press]], managed by the first known printing company. The wealth of this period can still be seen in a number of [[Renaissance]] mansions in town. ==Main sights== [[Image:Perugino z001.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Adoration of the Magi by Perugino]] Trevi is enclosed in two circuits of medieval walls; in the late 20th century, the inner circuit was shown to be of Roman origin. Trevi has about twenty old churches, several of which are of note: *The ''[[Duomo]] ''of ''Sant'&nbsp;Emiliano ''is a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] building with a carved door and an [[apse]] with carved [[corbel]]s, the interior of which was significantly reworked in the 18th century. *The ''Madonna delle Lacrime'' is a medieval conventual church with large votive frescoes, including an [[Adoration of the Magi in Art|Adoration of the Magi]] by [[Pietro Perugino]], his last known signed and dated work. The chapel of Saint Francis was frescoed by [[Lo Spagna]], on of Perugino's pupils. *S.&nbsp;Martino, with [[Lombards|Lombard]] lapidary remains and good paintings by [[Pier Antonio Mezzastris|Mezzastris]]. *S.&nbsp;Francesco, a large Gothic building, now housing a museum. The territory of the ''comune'' is particularly rich in Romanesque churches: some of those in the plain, erected on the Roman [[Via Flaminia]] when that road was in use, and incorporating a fair amount of Roman spolia, remain as markers of the road's course. ==Museums== Trevi's main museum is the Museo S.&nbsp;Francesco, attached to the Gothic church of that name, now secularized; it contains some slight Roman lapidary material, but a more important collection of Umbrian painting from the late Middle Ages through the 17th&nbsp;century: the main work is the ''Coronation of the Virgin'' altarpiece by [[Lo Spagna|Lo&nbsp;Spagna]], originally in San Martino. Particularly notable are a group of ex-votos representative of 16th‑ through 18th‑century folk art. The Museo della Civiltà dell'&nbsp;Olivo provides an educational look at the olive industry, from the planting of the olive through its processing into oil; the Flash Art Museum houses contemporary art exhibits. ==Economy== The mainstays of Trevi's economy are [[olive oil]] and [[tourism]]. The ''comuni'' of Trevi and Spoleto are known for the quality of their oil, a result of near-ideal calcareous soil with excellent drainage, just the right altitude for the cultivation of olive trees, and favourable climatic conditions on the west-facing lower slopes of the Apennine mountain range. Trevi's good train and highway access has made the town the most convenient base for visiting central Umbria for those who rely on public transportation; the unusual number of good restaurants in the ''comune'' is partly the cause, partly the result of increased tourism. Trevi also has some light industry and food processing other than olive oil. === Demographic evolution === <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:455 height:303 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:8000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1861 text:1861 bar:1871 text:1871 bar:1881 text:1881 bar:1901 text:1901 bar:1911 text:1911 bar:1921 text:1921 bar:1931 text:1931 bar:1936 text:1936 bar:1951 text:1951 bar:1961 text:1961 bar:1971 text:1971 bar:1981 text:1981 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:2001 text:2001 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:left bar:1861 from: 0 till:4756 bar:1871 from: 0 till:5187 bar:1881 from: 0 till:5198 bar:1901 from: 0 till:5552 bar:1911 from: 0 till:5673 bar:1921 from: 0 till:5919 bar:1931 from: 0 till:6410 bar:1936 from: 0 till:6631 bar:1951 from: 0 till:7341 bar:1961 from: 0 till:7080 bar:1971 from: 0 till:6548 bar:1981 from: 0 till:7094 bar:1991 from: 0 till:7427 bar:2001 from: 0 till:7773 PlotData= bar:1861 at:4756 fontsize:XS text: 4756 shift:(-8,5) bar:1871 at:5187 fontsize:XS text: 5187 shift:(-8,5) bar:1881 at:5198 fontsize:XS text: 5198 shift:(-8,5) bar:1901 at:5552 fontsize:XS text: 5552 shift:(-8,5) bar:1911 at:5673 fontsize:XS text: 5673 shift:(-8,5) bar:1921 at:5919 fontsize:XS text: 5919 shift:(-8,5) bar:1931 at:6410 fontsize:XS text: 6410 shift:(-8,5) bar:1936 at:6631 fontsize:XS text: 6631 shift:(-8,5) bar:1951 at:7341 fontsize:XS text: 7341 shift:(-8,5) bar:1961 at:7080 fontsize:XS text: 7080 shift:(-8,5) bar:1971 at:6548 fontsize:XS text: 6548 shift:(-8,5) bar:1981 at:7094 fontsize:XS text: 7094 shift:(-8,5) bar:1991 at:7427 fontsize:XS text: 7427 shift:(-8,5) bar:2001 at:7773 fontsize:XS text: 7773 shift:(-8,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20) text:Data from ISTAT </timeline> ==Holidays and local events== Trevi's patron saint is St. Emiliano; his feast is celebrated on [[January 27]] with a night-time procession of the ''Illuminata'', in which his statue is carried out of the Duomo around the city along the line of the earliest medieval walls. [[Shrove Tuesday]] sees a public celebration in the main [[piazza]], and August a 3‑week-long music festival; but the main annual festivals take place in October: the Palio on the first Sunday, the Celery and Sausage Fair (''Sagra del Sedano Nero e della Salsiccia'') on the third Sunday, and a historical pageant on the fourth Sunday. ==References== ''(Portions translated and adapted from Pro Trevi, by permission.)'' {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commons|Trevi (PG)|Trevi}} *[http://www.comune.trevi.pg.it/ Official webite] *[http://www.protrevi.com/protrevi/ Trevi Tourist Office (Pro Trevi)] *[http://www.treviflashartmuseum.org/ Trevi Flash Art Museum] *[http://www.protagonistaslow.it/museum_of_the_olive_civilization.htm Trevi Olive Oil Museum] *[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Umbria/Perugia/Trevi/Trevi/home.html Bill Thayer's site] {{Province of Perugia}} [[Category:Trevi| ]] [[Category:Cittaslow]] [[Category:Hilltowns in Umbria]] [[Category:Roman sites of Umbria]] [[Category:Romanesque sites of Umbria]] [[de:Trevi (Umbrien)]] [[eo:Trevi]] [[fr:Trevi]] [[it:Trevi (PG)]] [[nl:Trevi (plaats)]] [[ja:トレーヴィ]] [[nap:Trevi (PG)]] [[pl:Trevi]] [[pt:Trevi]] [[simple:Trevi]] [[vo:Trevi]]