Tube map 30268 224772367 2008-07-10T10:22:12Z Huangcjz 371761 updated and added links, phrasing changes [[Image:Tube map thumbnail.png|thumb|300px|Current tube map as of [[27 March]] [[2008]].]] {{Undergroundconnect}} The '''tube map''' is the [[schematic diagram]] representing the lines, stations, and zones of [[London]]'s [[rapid transit]] [[railway|rail]] system, the [[London Underground]] (commonly known as [[London Underground|the tube]], hence the name). As a schematic diagram it shows not the geographic but the relative positions of stations along the lines, stations' connective relations with each other and their fare zone locations. The basic design concepts have been widely adopted for other network maps around the world, especially that of mapping [[topology|topologically]] rather than [[geography|geographically]]. ==History== Different underground lines were controlled by different companies and no official unified map was produced until 1906, when [[Charles Tyson Yerkes]] unified the railways and operated them under a combined "Underground" [[brand]]. Early Underground maps were geographically correct, and also showed streets and other local features.<ref name="1908map">[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/clive.billson/tubemaps/1908.html 1908 Underground map]</ref> The lines were not shown with a consistent [[colour scheme]] &mdash; for example, the [[Central Line]] was blue in 1908,<ref name="1908map"/> yellow in 1926,<ref name="1926map">[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/clive.billson/tubemaps/1926.html 1926 Underground map]</ref> and orange by 1932,<ref>[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/clive.billson/tubemaps/1932.html 1932 Underground map]</ref> by which time details such as streets had been removed. The 1932 edition was the last geographically-based map to be published, before the now familiar style of map took its place. However [[Transport for London]] bus maps show closely the actual routes as coloured lines. ===Beck's maps=== {{imagestack| [[Image:TubeMapZ1_TFL.png|thumb|300px|right|The schematic design of [[Travelcard Zone 1|Zone 1]] of the tube map. Locations of stations are not geographically accurate]] [[Image:London Underground Zone 1.svg|thumb|300px|right|Unofficial map of [[Travelcard Zone 1|Zone 1]] showing the correct geographic locations of the stations]] }} The first diagrammatic map of the Underground was designed by [[Harry Beck (graphic designer)|Harry Beck]] in 1931.<ref name="1933map">[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/clive.billson/tubemaps/1933.html 1933 map]</ref> Beck was an Underground employee who realised that because the railway ran mostly underground, the physical locations of the stations were irrelevant to the traveller wanting to know how to get to one station from another &mdash; only the [[topology]] of the railway mattered. This approach is similar to that of electrical [[circuit diagram]]s; while these were not the inspiration for Beck's diagram, his colleagues pointed out the similarities and he once produced a joke map with the stations replaced by electrical-circuit symbols and names with terminology, such as "[[bakelite]]" for "[[Bakerloo Line|Bakerloo]]"<ref>Train, Omnibus and Tram Staff Magazine, March 1933, as noted in ''Mr Beck's Underground Map'', p 25</ref>. In fact, Beck based his diagram on a similar mapping system for underground sewage systems.{{Fact|date=August 2007}} To this end, he devised a vastly simplified map, consisting of stations, straight line segments connecting them, and the [[River Thames]]; lines ran only vertically, horizontally, or at 45 degrees. To make the map clearer and to emphasise connections, Beck differentiated between ordinary stations (marked with [[Tick (checkmark)|tick marks]]) and interchanges (marked with [[Rhombus|diamond]]s). The Underground was initially sceptical of his proposal &mdash; it was an uncommissioned spare-time project, and it was tentatively introduced to the public in a small pamphlet in 1933. It immediately became popular, and the Underground has used topological maps to illustrate the network ever since. Despite the complexity of making the map, Beck was paid just five [[Guinea (British coin)|Guineas]] for the work.{{Fact|date=August 2007}} After its initial success, he continued to design the Underground map until 1960, a single (and unpopular) 1939 edition by [[Hans Scheger]] being the exception.<ref>[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/clive.billson/tubemaps/1939.html 1939 Underground map]</ref> During this time, as well as accommodating new lines and stations, Beck continually altered the design, for example changing the interchange symbol from diamonds to [[circle]]s, as well as altering the line colours - the [[Central Line]] from orange to red, and the [[Bakerloo Line]] from red to brown. Beck's final design, in 1960, bears a strong resemblance to modern-day maps.<ref>[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/clivebillson/tube/1960.html 1960 Underground map]</ref> ===After Beck=== By 1960, Beck had fallen out with the Underground's publicity officer, [[Harold Hutchinson]]. Hutchinson, though not a designer himself, drafted his own version of the Tube map in 1960; it removed the smoothed corners of Beck's design, lines were less straight and created some highly cramped areas (most notably, around [[Liverpool Street station]]).<ref>[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/clive.billson/1963.html 1963 Underground map]</ref> However, Hutchinson also introduced interchange symbols (circles for Underground-only, squares for interchanges with [[British Rail]]) that were black and allowed multiple lines through them, as opposed to Beck who used one circle for each line at an interchange, coloured according to the corresponding line. In 1964, the design of the map was taken over by [[Paul Garbutt]], who like Beck had produced a map in his spare time due to his dislike of the current design. Garbutt's map restored curves and bends to the diagram, but retained Hutchinson's black interchange circles (the squares however were replaced with circles with a dot inside). Garbutt continued to produce Underground maps for at least another 20 years — Tube maps stopped bearing the designer's name in 1986, by which time the elements of the map bore a very strong resemblance to today's map.<ref>[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/clive.billson/1986.html 1986 Underground map]</ref> Today, the map bears the legend "This diagram is an evolution of the original design conceived in 1931 by Harry Beck" in the lower right-hand corner. ===Today=== Alterations have been made to the map over the years. Recent designs have incorporated changes to the network, such as the [[Docklands Light Railway]] and the [[Jubilee Line Extension]]. In addition, since 2002 the [[London Underground ticketing#Fare zones|Underground ticket zones]] have been added, to better help passengers judge the cost of a journey. Nevertheless the map remains true to Beck's original scheme, and many other transport systems use schematic maps to represent their services, undoubtedly inspired by Beck. A facsimile of Beck's original design is on display on the southbound platform at his local station, [[Finchley Central tube station|Finchley Central]]. The map is currently maintained and updated by Alan Foale, of The LS Company. Despite there having been many, many versions over the years, somehow the perception of many users is that the current map actually is, more or less, the 1930 Beck version. This is a remarkable testament to the effectiveness of the original design. Beck did actually draw versions with other formats, 22 1/2 degrees rather than 45 (the Paris Metro version uses 22 1/2 degrees as a base); and an unused version for the [[1948 Summer Olympics|1948 London Olympics]]. == Technical aspects == The designers of the map have tackled a variety of problems in showing information as clearly as possible and have sometimes adopted different solutions. === Line colours === The table below shows the changing use of colours since the first Beck map. The current colours are taken from the TfL Colour Standards guide,<ref>{{cite web | title =TfL Colour Standards | publisher =TfL | date =[[2007-03-02]] | url =http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/corporate/media/designstandards/assets/downloads/tfl/ColourStandardsIssue02.pdf | accessdate = 2008-01-22 }}</ref> which defines the precise colours and also a colour naming scheme which is particular to TfL. Earlier maps were limited by the number of colours available that could be clearly distinguished in print. Improvements in colour printing technology have reduced this problem and the map has coped with the identification of new lines without great difficulty. {| class="wikitable" |- !Line !Current Colour<br><small>(TfL name)</small> !History |- |[[Bakerloo line|Bakerloo]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|Bakerloo}}; color:white; text-align:center;"|Corporate Brown |- |[[Central line|Central]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|Central}}; color:white; text-align:center;"|Corporate Red |- |[[Circle line (London Underground)|Circle]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|Circle}}; color:black; text-align:center;"|Corporate Yellow |Originally part of the Metropolitan and District Lines, green (black outline) from 1948, yellow (black outline) 1951-1987 |- |[[District line|District]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|District}}; color:white; text-align:center;"|Corporate Green |- |[[East London line|East London]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|East London}}; color:black; text-align:center;"|Underground Orange |Originally white (thick red outline), part of the Metropolitan Line (green, then purple) until 1970, white (thick purple outline) until 1990 |- |[[Hammersmith & City line|Hammersmith & City]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|Hammersmith & City}}; color:black; text-align:center;"|Underground Pink |Part of the Metropolitan Line until 1990 |- |[[Jubilee line|Jubilee]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|Jubilee}}; color:white; text-align:center;"|Corporate Grey |Baker Street to Stanmore section originally part of the Bakerloo Line. |- |[[Metropolitan line|Metropolitan]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|Metropolitan}}; color:white; text-align:center;"|Corporate Magenta |In the 1930s and 1940s the District and Metropolitan Lines were shown combined, in green |- |[[Northern line|Northern]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|Northern}}; color:white; text-align:center;"|Corporate Black |- |[[Piccadilly line|Piccadilly]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|Piccadilly}}; color:white; text-align:center;"|Corporate Blue |- |[[Victoria line|Victoria]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|Victoria}}; color:white; text-align:center;"|Corporate Light Blue |- |[[Waterloo & City line|Waterloo & City]] |style="background:#{{LUL color|Waterloo & City}}; color:black; text-align:center;"|Corporate Turquoise |Part of [[British Rail]] until 1994, white (black outline) |- |[[Tramlink]] <small>(not shown on the standard map - see below)</small> |style="background:#{{Tramlink color}}; color:white; text-align:center;"|Trams Green<br>(beaded line) |- |[[Docklands Light Railway]] |style="background:white; color:black; text-align:center; border-style: double; border-width: 0px 0px 6px 0px; border-color: #{{DLR color}};"|DLR Turquoise<br>(double stripe) |White (thick dark blue outline) until 1994 |- |[[London Overground]] |style="background:white; color:black; text-align:center; border-style: double; border-width: 0px 0px 6px 0px; border-color: #{{LOG color}};"|Orange<br>(double stripe) |Various components were previously shown in Network Rail colours, East London Line colours or not at all. |- |[[Network Rail]] <small>(selected lines only were shown up to November 2007 - see below)</small> |style="background:white; color:black; text-align:center; border-style: double; border-width: 0px 0px 6px 0px; border-color: black;"|Black<br>(double stripe) |Orange from 1985, white (orange outline) 1987-1990 |- |[[Northern City Line|Northern City]] |style="text-align:center;"|<Small>Now a Network Rail line</small> |Originally white (thick purple outline), black as part of the Northern Line, white (thick black outline) from 1970 |} Service information is indicated by the format: * Solid colour &ndash; normal service * Outline colour &ndash; limited service * Alternating solid and outline colour &ndash; under construction or closed for renovation === Station marks === An important symbol that Beck introduced was the 'tick' to indicate stations. This allowed stations to be placed closer together while retaining clarity, because the tick was only on the side of the line nearer the station name (ideally centrally placed, though the arrangement of lines did not always allow this). From the start, interchange stations were given a special mark to indicate their importance, though its shape changed over the years. In addition, from 1960, marks were used to identify stations that offered convenient interchange with [[British Railways]] (now [[National Rail]]). The following shapes have been used: * Empty circle (one for each line or station, where convenient) - standard default mark * Empty circle (one for each station) - 1938 experimental map * Empty diamond (one for each line) - early 1930s * Empty square - interchange with British Railways, 1960-1964 * Circle with dot inside - interchange with [[British Rail]], 1964-1970 Since 1970 the map has used the [[British Rail]] 'double arrow' beside the station name to indicate main-line interchanges. Where the mainline station has a different name from the Underground station that it connects with, since 1977 this has been shown in a box. The distance between the tube station and the mainline station is now shown. In recent years, some maps have marked stations offering step-free access suitable for [[wheelchair]] users with a blue circle containing a wheelchair symbol in white. Tube stations with links to airports ([[Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 tube station|Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3]], [[Heathrow Terminal 4 tube station|4]], and [[Heathrow Terminal 5 station|5]] for [[London Heathrow Airport]], and [[London City Airport DLR station]]) are shown with a black airplane symbol, and stations with a National Rail link to airports are shown with a red airplane symbol. Since 2000, stations with a nearby interchange to river bus piers on the Thames have been marked with a small boat symbol, to promote TfL's newly-formed [[London River Services]]. When [[Eurostar]] services departed from [[Waterloo International railway station|Waterloo International]], the Eurostar [[logo]] was shown next to [[London Waterloo station]]. Since Eurostar services were moved to [[St Pancras railway station|St. Pancras International]] on 9 December 2007, [[Kings Cross St. Pancras tube station]] now bears the text "for St. Pancras International" but does not show the Eurostar logo. Some interchanges are more convenient than others and the map designers have repeatedly rearranged the layout of the map to try to indicate where the interchanges are more complex, such as by making the interchange circles more distant and linking them with thin black lines. Sometimes the need for simplicity overrides this goal; the Bakerloo/Northern Lines interchange at [[Charing Cross tube station|Charing Cross]] is not very convenient and passengers would be better off changing at Embankment, but the need to simplify the inner London area means that the map seems to indicate that Charing Cross is the easier interchange. === Lines or services === The map aims to make the complicated network of services easy to understand, but there are occasions when it might be useful to have more information about the services that operate on each line. The District Line is the classic example; it is shown as one line on the map, but comprises services on the main route between [[Upminster station|Upminster]] and Ealing/[[Richmond station (London)|Richmond]]/[[Wimbledon station|Wimbledon]]; between [[Edgware Road tube station|Edgware Road]] and Wimbledon; and the [[High Street Kensington tube station|High Street Kensington]] to [[Kensington Olympia station|Kensington Olympia]] shuttle service. For most of its history the map has not distinguished these services, which could be misleading to an unfamiliar user. Recent maps have tried to tackle this problem by separating the different routes at [[Earl's Court tube station|Earl's Court]]. Limited-service routes have sometimes been identified with hatched lines (see above), with some complications added to the map to show where peak-only services ran through to branches, such as that to [[Chesham tube station|Chesham]] on the Metropolitan Line. The number of routes with a limited service has declined in recent years as patronage recovered from its early 1980s' low point. As there are now fewer restrictions to show, the remaining ones are now mainly indicated in the accompanying text rather than by special line markings. === Official versions of the tube map === The tube map exists to help people navigate the Underground, and it has been questioned whether it should play a wider role in helping people navigate London itself. The question has been raised as to whether main-line railways should be shown on the map, in particular those in Inner London. The Underground has largely resisted adding additional services to the standard tube map, instead producing separate maps with different information: *[http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/standard-tube-map.pdf Standard tube map] showing Underground, DLR, Overground and zone boundaries. *Central London map. A cropped and enlarged version of the standard map showing only the central area. Some versions show [[Thameslink]] and [[Northern City Line]] services. *[http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/tube-dlr-trams-and-train-travelcard-zones-map.pdf Travelcard Zones map]. London Connections map showing Underground, DLR, Tramlink, Overground, National Rail, and fare zone boundaries. *[http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/High-frequency-services-map.pdf High Frequency Services map]. The same as the Travelcard Zones map except that lines offering services at greater than 15-minute intervals are de-emphasised so that the more frequent routes can be seen easily. *[http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/system/galleries/download/print_maps/LondonConnections.pdf London Connections map]. Produced by the [[Association of Train Operating Companies]] (ATOC), this provides the same information as TfL's Travelcard Zones map but extends a little further beyond [[Travelcard Zones 7-9]]. The National Rail lines are emphasised by thicker lines and coloured according to their [[train operating company]] (TOC). *[http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/tube-access-guide-map-0108.pdf Tube Access Guide]. Indicates stations with full or partial step-free access suitable for wheelchair users. *[http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/bicycle-tube-map-0108.pdf Bicycle map]. Underground and DLR only. Shows sections of the network where [[bicycles]] are permitted in green. *[http://journeyplanner.tfl.gov.uk/im/RD-T.html Real Time Disruption map]. Underground, DLR and Overground only. Interactive web-based map with disrupted lines and stations highlighted, others in light grey. *[http://www.journeyplanner.org/im/SI-T.html Interactive journey map]. Underground, DLR and Overground only. Interactive web-based map that can be used to access information about each station (e.g. bus connections and disabled access). Maps are produced in different sizes, the most common being Quad Royal [[poster]] size and Journey Planner pocket size. The maps showing all the National Rail routes provide useful additional information at the expense of considerably increased complexity, as they contain almost 700 stations. This makes them harder to read, even when [[Paper size|A3 size]]. === Non-Underground lines on the standard tube map === Some non-Underground lines have appeared on the standard tube map: *The [[North London Line]] was added to the Tube map in 1977. While run by [[British Rail]], and later by [[Silverlink]], it was shown in British Rail/National Rail colours, although its appearance was intermittent, being omitted from some map editions over the years. In November 2007 it was taken over by London Overground and changed to an orange double stripe. The semi-orbital route originally ran from [[Richmond railway station|Richmond]] to [[Broad Street railway station|Broad Street]], then Richmond to [[North Woolwich railway station|North Woolwich]]; today the line runs from Richmond to [[Stratford station|Stratford]]. The service frequency is less than the Underground and many of the stations do not connect directly with the Underground. *The [[West London Line]], [[Watford DC Line]] and [[Gospel Oak-Barking line]] (former British Rail/Silverlink lines) were all added to the standard tube map in 2007 when they were taken over by London Overground (along with the North London line), and all are shown as an orange double stripe. *The [[Northern City Line]], originally part of the Underground but transferred to [[British Rail]] in the late 1970s for use by inner-suburban electric trains that previously ran to King's Cross. *[[Thameslink]], opened in 1988, the line having been closed for many years. It offers some relief to the Northern Line as it connects King's Cross St Pancras to London Bridge. Only the central sections between Kentish Town and London Bridge/Elephant and Castle were shown. Its appearance on Tube maps has been intermittent, having being omitted from some map editions over the years. *[[Waterloo and City Line]], while run by [[British Rail]] and its predecessors. The line has appeared on most tube maps, except the earliest Beck examples. In 1994 it was taken over by the Underground and given its own line colour (see above). *The [[Docklands Light Railway]], the automatic light-rail system in the [[London Docklands]] area. Currently the only non-Underground lines shown are the Docklands Light Railway and the London Overground. When Transport for London expands its [[London Overground]] service to include the [[East London Line]] in 2010, the East London line will be changed from a solid orange line to a double orange stripe.<ref name="creatingLO">{{cite web |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/creating-london-overground.pdf |title=Creating London Overground leaflet |accessdate=2007-11-16 |date=November 2007 }} </ref> According to 2007 proposals, it is likely that the addition of the [[South London Lines|South London Line]] to London Overground will also add the southern loop onto future tube maps in 2010.<ref name="2010 tube map">{{cite web |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/resources/corporate/media/pressimages/rez-high/h-tube-map-2010.jpg |title=The Tube in 2010 |author=Transport for London |date=2006 |accessdate=2007-11-03 }} (map illustrating future development phases as proposed by TfL in 2006, subject to change) </ref> ==Cultural references== [[Image:WORLD-METRO-MAP-2005.png|thumb|200px|right|World Metro Map poster sold by [[London Transport Museum]] for launch of a book on subway maps]] The design has become so widely known that it is now instantly recognisable as representing London. It has been featured on T-shirts, postcards, and other memorabilia. In 2006 the design came second in a televised search for the most well known [[British Design Icon]].<ref>[http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/the-tube-map The Tube Map - The Tube Map - Icons of England<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It is widely cited by academics and designers as a 'design classic'<ref>[http://diagrams.org/fig-pages/f00022.html The London Underground Map - Harry Beck's Design Icon<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.designmuseum.org/design/london-transport London Transport / Designing Modern Britain - Design Museum Exhibition : Design Patron (1933-) - Design/Designer Information<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A673517 BBC - h2g2 - Life and Times of the London Underground Map<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.design-technology.info/designers/page35.htm Harry Beck and the LOndon Underground Map - The background to the designing of a 'Design Icon' - London Underground Map changing through time but remaining true to Beck's original principle - Designers & Designing - Design & Technology On The Web support resource for students and teachers of Design & Technology at KS3, KS4, A-Level and beyond<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and it is due to these cultural associations that London Underground does not usually permit the design to be used or altered for any other purpose. This has only been officially sanctioned on a few occasions: *In 1987, Paul Middlewick 'discovered' that Animals could be created in the Tube map by linking the lines, stations and interchanges. These [[Animals on the Underground]] now feature on their own web site [http://www.animalsontheunderground.com] *In [[Tate Modern]] hangs ''[[The Great Bear]]'' by [[Simon Patterson (artist)|Simon Patterson]], a subtle parody of Beck's original design, first published in [[1986]], in which the station names on the tube map have been replaced by those of famous historical figures. *In 2006, [[The Guardian]] published a design based on the tube map, purporting to show the relationships between musicians and musical genres in the 20th century.<ref>{{ cite web | title = Going Underground | url = http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/culturevulture/archives/2006/02/03/going_underground.html | work = Guardian Unlimited | publisher = The Guardian | first = Dorian | last = Lynskey | date = [[3 February]] [[2006]] |accessdate = 2008-04-01 }}</ref> *On [[January 11]] [[2007]], [[Andrew Adonis|Lord Adonis]] unveiled a depiction of the Tube Map featuring the names of successful schools and students at GCSE level as part of the London Student Awards 2007. *David Booth's ''[[Tate Gallery|The Tate]] Gallery by Tube'' 1986 is one of a series of publicity posters for the Underground. His work showed the lines of the map squeezed out of tubes of paint and has since been used on the cover of the map itself. *In 2003, to coincide with the publication of a book, the [[London Transport Museum]] released a "World Metro Map" strongly based on the London diagram and approved by [[TfL]]. *The [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] produced a map in [[2007]] linking Shakesperean characters according to their traits in a diagram which resembles the Tube Map for complexity. Aspects of the London diagram (the line colours and styles, the station ticks or interchange symbols) are often used in advertising. The 'look' of the London Underground map (including 45 degree angles, evenly spaced 'stations', and some geographic distortion) has been emulated by many other subway systems.<ref>[http://www.ursasoft.com/maps/index.htm Underground Railway Maps<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/referenceandlanguages/0,,1101403,00.html Observer review: Metro Maps of the World by Mark Ovenden | By genre | guardian.co.uk Books<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> While London Underground have been protective of their copyright they have also allowed their concepts to be shared with other transport operators ([[Amsterdam]]'s [[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf|GVB]] even pays tribute to them on their map<ref>[http://www.gvb.nl/english/travellers/maps/Pages/Metromap.aspx Metro map : GVB<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>) and indeed some other playful references{{Specify|date=August 2007}} have been permitted.{{Fact|date=August 2007}} == Further reading == {{tubeportal}} *Ken Garland, ''Mr Beck's Underground Map'' (Capital Transport, 1994): ISBN 1-85414-168-6 *Mark Ovenden, ''Metro Maps Of The World'' (Capital Transport, 2005): ISBN 1-85414-288-7 *Maxwell Roberts, ''Underground Maps After Beck'' (Capital Transport, 2005): ISBN 1-85414-286-0 *David Leboff and Tim Demuth, ''No Need to Ask!'' (Capital Transport, 1999): ISBN 1-85414-215-1 *Andrew Dow, ''Telling the Passenger where to get off'' (Capital Transport, 2005): ISBN 1-85414-291-7 *Douglas Rose, ''The London Underground: A Diagrammatic History'' (Capital Transport, 2005): ISBN 1-85414-219-4 == References == {{refs|2}} == External links == {{commonscat|London Underground maps}} *[http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tube/maps/ Tube maps] from TfL *[http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/tocs_maps/maps/network_rail_maps.htm National Rail maps including London Connections] *[http://tubejp.co.uk Geographically Accurate Tube Map] *[http://www.goingunderground.net/maps.html Trivia, history and facts on the London Underground Tube map] contains more history on the tube map plus alternative designs of the map from Dr Who Conventions, and Simon Patterson's [[The Great Bear]] *[http://www.tom-carden.co.uk/p5/tube_map_travel_times/applet/ Interactive animated journey time map] *[http://owen.massey.net/tubemaps.html Mapper's Delight] - all kinds of variations and further information on tube maps *[http://www.mylookout.net/maps/londonTube/ www.mylookout.net/maps/londonTube/] - Satellite Image Tube Map uses Google maps to find tube stations by zone and/or lines *[http://www.quickmap.com/maparchive.htm London quickmap mapmovies - all kinds of variations on tube maps] *[http://www.animalsontheunderground.com/ Animals on the Underground] - A collection of animals discovered in the Tube Map layout *[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/clivebillson/tube/tube.html A history of the London Tube Maps] - complete history of the evolution of the map. *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A673517 H2G2 article on the tube map] * The [http://www.clarksbury.com/cdl/maps.html London Tube Map Archive] has a collection of tube maps, showing the growth of the system and the changes in the style of the map *[http://www.reed.edu/~reyn/transport.html Robert Reynolds Subway Page] - links and photos of most world subway system maps, many of which use Beck-inspired design principles [[Category:Rail transport in London]] [[Category:London Underground]] [[Category:Railroad maps]] [[Category:Infographics]] [[fr:Plan du métro de Londres]] [[he:מפת הרכבת התחתית של לונדון]] [[mk:Карта на лондонското метро]] [[zh:地铁线路图]] [[Category:Transport design in London]]