Tubing (material)
2176416
225507319
2008-07-14T01:37:39Z
Wizard191
935746
/* Manufacture */ added rotary piercing
{{Unreferenced|date=July 2008}}
{{for|structural tubing|Hollow structural section}}
[[Image:Plastic tubing.jpg|thumb|250px|Plastic tubing.]]
'''Tubing''' is a [[pipe]] or hollow cylinder for the conveyance of fluids (liquids or gases). The terms 'pipe' and 'tubing' are almost interchangeable, although minor distinctions exist (generally, "tubing" implies tighter engineering requirements than "pipe"). Both "pipe" and "tube" imply a level of rigidity and permanence, whereas a "hose" is usually portable and flexible. Tubing and pipe may be specified by standard pipe size designations, e.g. Nominal Pipe Size — or by ''nominal'' outside or inside diameter and/or wall thickness. The ''actual'' dimensions of pipe are usually ''not'' the nominal dimensions (i.e., a "1-inch" pipe will not actually measure 1" in ''either'' outside ''or'' inside diameter) — whereas many types of tubing are specified by ''actual'' I.D., O.D., and/or wall thickness. There are many industry and government standards for pipe and tubing.
== Manufacture ==
{{main|Tube drawing}}
There are three classes of manufactured tubing: seamless, as-welded, and drawn-over-mandrel (DOM).
* Seamless tubing is produced via [[extrusion]] or [[rotary piercing]].
* Drawn-over-mandrel tubing is made from cold-drawn electrical-resistance-welded tube that is drawn through a die and over a mandrel to create such characteristics as dependable weld integrity, dimensional accuracy, and an excellent surface finish.
== Standards ==
Many standards exist for tube manufacture. Some of the most common ones are as follows:
*[[ASTM]] A213 seamless [[stainless steel]] pressure tubing
*[[ASTM]] A269 welded stainless steel pressure tubing
*[[ASTM]] A270 seamless and welded stainless steel sanitary tubing
*[[ASTM]] A511 seamless stainless steel mechanical tubing
*[[ASTM]] A513 welded [[carbon steel]] mechanical tubing
*[[ASTM]] A554 welded stainless steel mechanical tubing
*[[British Standard]] 1387:1985 Specification for screwed and socketed steel tubes and tubulars and for plain end steel tubes suitable for welding or for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads
ASTM material specifications generally cover a variety of grades or types that indicate a specific material composition. Some of the most commonly used are:
*TP 304
*TP 316
*MT 304
*MT 403
*MT 506
In installations using [[hydrogen]], copper and stainless steel tubing must be factory pre-cleaned (ASTM B 280) and/or certified as instrument grade. This is due to hydrogen's particular propensities: to explode (in the presence of [[oxygen]] and/or oxygenation sources/contaminants), to leak due to its size molecular/atomic size, and to cause [[embrittlement]] of metals, particularly under pressure.
==See also ==
*[[Hydrogen piping]]
*[[Domestic water system#Materials|Materials used in water supply systems]]
*[[Pipe (material)]]
*[[Piping]]
*[[Hydraulic machinery#Hose, tubes and pipes|Hydraulic tubes]]
*[[Tube and pipe benders]]
[[Category:Piping]]
[[Category:Plumbing]]
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