Turin 31004 225569742 2008-07-14T10:35:45Z 212.47.22.106 /* Notable natives */ {{Redirect6|Torino}} {{Infobox CityIT |official_name = Comune di Torino |established_title = [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] foundation |established_date = 28 BC |nickname = "Automobile Capital" |website = [http://www.comune.torino.it www.comune.torino.it] |image_skyline = Panorama Torino 001.JPG |image_caption = Skyline of Turin |frazioni = Villaretto |name = Turin |img_coa = Torino-Stemma.png |mapx = 45.11 |mapy = 7.73 |gentilic = Torinesi |coordinates = {{coor at dm|45|4|N|7|42|E|region:IT-TO_type:city(900,000)}} |region = [[Piedmont]] |province = [[Province of Turin|Turin]] (TO) |mayor = [[Sergio Chiamparino]] |area_total_km2 = 130.17 |population_footnotes = <ref>http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2006/index.html- [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]] demographics</ref> |population_as_of = December 2006 |population_total = 921,485 ([[Largest 100 Cities of Italy by Population| 4<sup>th</sup>]]) |population_urban = 1,500,000 |area_urban_km2 = 140.7 |area_urban_sq_mi = 251 |population_metro = 2,200,000 |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd = 45 |latm = 04 |lats = |latNS = N |longd = 07 |longm = 40 |longs = |longEW = E |elevation_m = 240 |postalcode = 10100 |telephone = 011 |saint = [[John the Baptist]] |day = [[june 24]] }} '''Turin''' ({{lang-it|Torino}}; [[Piedmontese language|Piedmontese]]: ''Turin''; {{pronounced|tyɾ'iɳ}}) is a major city as well as a business and cultural centre in [[Northern Italy|northern]] [[Italy]], [[capital (politics)|capital]] of the [[Piedmont (Italy)|Piedmont]] region, located mainly on the right [[Stream bed|bank]] of the [[Po River]] surrounded by the [[Alps|Alpine arch]]. The population of the city of Turin is 908,000 (2004 census); its [[agglomeration]] totals about 1.7 million inhabitants, ranking fourth in Italy, while its [[metropolitan area]] has a population of 2.2 million inhabitants <ref>{{cite web |url=http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/0406041E.PDF |title=OECD |accessdate=2007-08-31}}</ref>, while it is rank as the third for financial importance. Turin is well-known as the home of the [[Shroud of Turin]] and [[Juventus FC]], headquarters of [[Fiat]] and [[Lancia]] automobile manufacturers and host of the [[2006 Winter Olympics]]. It has been the capital of the [[Duchy of Savoy]] since [[1563]], then of the [[Kingdom of Savoy]] and finally the first capital of a [[Italian unification|unified Italy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comune.torino.it/canaleturismo/en/history.htm |title=The city's history |accessdate=2007-08-31 |work=Turismo e promozione |publisher=Città di Torino}}</ref> It's often referred as "The Capital of the Alps", "Automobile Capital" and "The Subalpine Capital". ==History== ===Roman times=== In the [[1st century BC|first century BC]] (probably 28 BC), the Romans created a military camp (''Castra Taurinorum''), later dedicated to [[Augustus]] (''Augusta Taurinorum''). The typical Roman street grid can still be seen in the modern city. Turin reached about 5,000 inhabitants at the time, all living inside the high walls. ===Middle Ages=== After the fall of the [[Roman empire]] the city was conquered by the [[Lombards]], then the [[Franks]] of [[Charlemagne]] (773); in the 940s the ''[[March of Turin|Contea di Torino]]'' (or countship) was founded, until 1050 held by the [[Arduin of Ivrea|Arudinic]] dynasty and then, after the marriage of [[Adelaide of Susa]] with [[Humbert I of Savoy|Humbert Biancamano]]'s son [[Otto of Savoy|Otto]], by the family of the [[Counts of Savoy]]. While the dignity of count was held by the Bishop as count of Turin (1092-1130 and 1136-1191) it was ruled as a [[prince-bishopric]] by the Bishops. In 1230-1235 it was a lordship under the [[Marquess of Montferrat]], styled Lord of Turin. At the end of the [[thirteenth century]], when it was annexed to the [[Duchy of Savoy]], the city already had 20,000 inhabitants. Many of the gardens and palaces were built in the [[fifteenth century]] when the city was redesigned. The [[University of Turin|University]] was also founded during this period. ===16-18th century=== [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy|Emanuele Filiberto]] (Iron Head) made Turin the capital of the [[Duchy of Savoy]] in [[1563]]. Piazza Reale, today named Piazza San Carlo and Via Nuova, today called Via Roma were added with the first enlargement of the walls, in the first half of the [[XVII century]]; in the same period the Royal palace (Palazzo Reale) was built. In the second half of that century, a second enlargement of the walls was planned and executed, with the building of the arcaded Via Po, connecting diagonally through the regular street grid Piazza Castello with the bridge on the Po. In [[1706]], during the [[Battle of Turin]], the [[France|French]] besieged the city for 117 days without conquering it. After the subsequent [[Treaty of Utrecht]], the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] was annexed to the Duchy of Savoy and the architect [[Filippo Juvarra]] began a major redesign of the city. Now the capital of a European kingdom, Turin had about 90,000 inhabitants at the time. ===19th century=== In the nineteenth century, after brief occupation by [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]], the city began to actively pursue the [[unification of Italy]]. In [[1871]], the [[Fréjus Rail Tunnel|Fréjus Tunnel]] was opened, making Turin an important communication node. The city now had 250,000 inhabitants. The [[Museo Egizio]], the [[Mole Antonelliana]], the [[Gran Madre]] church and Vittorio Veneto square were built in this period. [[Image:Mg-k Torino Alpi.jpg|thumb|250px|right|View over Turin and Alps.]] In [[1861]], Turin became the capital of the newly proclaimed United Italy. In [[1865]] the capital was moved to [[Florence]]. (Since [[8 July]] [[1871]], the capital has been [[Rome]].) Turin reacted to the loss of importance by beginning a rapid industrialisation: in [[1899]] Fiat was founded and [[Lancia]] in [[1906]]. The [[Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna|Universal Exposition]] held in Turin in [[1902]] is often considered the pinnacle of [[Art Nouveau]] design, and the city hosted the Exposition again in [[1911]]. By this time, Turin had grown to 430,000 inhabitants. ===20th century=== After [[World War I]], conflicts between workers and industrialists began. The first strikes took place and in [[1920]] the [[Lingotto]] factory was occupied. After [[World War II]], Turin was rapidly rebuilt and its industries greatly developed, which caused waves of immigration, largely from the southern regions of Italy. The population reached 1 million in [[1960]] and peaked at 1.5 million in [[1975]]. In the [[1980]]s, the first industrial crisis hit the city and its population began to decline (and continues to, while the metropolitan area grows). The [[2005]] population was 908,000. ==Law and government== {{seealso|List of mayors of Turin}} The mayor of Turin is directly elected every four years. [[Sergio Chiamparino]], the current mayor, belongs to the center-left coalition. ==Districts== Turin is divided into 10 municipal districts. These do not necessarily correspond to historical districts in the city. The following lists the historical districts included in the Municipal districts (named ''Circoscrizioni''). * Circoscrizione 1 Centro - Crocetta * Circoscrizione 2 Santa Rita - Mirafiori Nord * Circoscrizione 3 San Paolo - Cenisia - Pozzo Strada - Cit Turin - Borgata Lesna * Circoscrizione 4 San Donato - Campidoglio - Parella * Circoscrizione 5 Borgo Vittoria - Madonna di Campagna - Lucento - Vallette * Circoscrizione 6 Barriera di Milano - Regio Parco - Barca - Bertolla - Falchera - Rebaudengo - Villaretto * Circoscrizione 7 [[Aurora (Turin)|Aurora]] - Vanchiglia - Sassi - Madonna del Pilone * Circoscrizione 8 San Salvario - Cavoretto - Borgo Po * Circoscrizione 9 Nizza Millefonti - Lingotto - Filadelfia * Circoscrizione 10 Mirafiori Sud ==Geography and climate== Turin is located in northwest Italy. It is surrounded on the western and northern front by the [[Alps]] and on the southern front by the hills of [[Monferrato]]. Four major rivers pass through the city: the [[Po]] and two of its tributaries, the [[Dora Riparia]] (later changed to "Duria Minor" by the Romans, from the [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] ''duria'' meaning "water"), the [[Stura di Lanzo]], and the [[Sangone (disambiguation)|Sangone]]. Turin has a truly continental climate, with nothing to share with the rest of Italy which is famous for its comfortable [[Mediterranean climate]]. Winters are cold and dry, summers are cool in the hills and quite hot in the plains. During the winter and autumn months banks of fog, which are sometimes very thick, form in the plains.<ref>[http://www.comune.torino.it/canaleturismo/en/clima.htm Torino Turistica - Servizio Telematico Pubblico - Città di Torino<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> {{Turin weatherbox}} ==Demographics== The Turin city proper, in 2006, had a population of 900,608, a drop of 0.2% from the previous year.[http://demo.istat.it/bil2006/index.html] This was due to a low birth rate (which has climbed by 7% in the past 5 years) and movements into suburban Turin. The greater Turin population was 2,242,775, an increase of 0.3 percent. This increase was due to internal migration, and a growing number of migrants from [[Eastern Europe]]. Like many northern Italian cities, there is a large proportion of pensioners in comparison to youth. Around 18 percent of the population is under 20 years of age while, 22 percent is over 65.[http://demo.istat.it/pop2007/index.html] Approximately 5.77 percent of the population comprised of foreigners the largest numbers coming from [[Romania]]: (44,158), [[Morocco]]: (22,511), [[Albania]]: (9,165), [[Peru]]: (7,044), [[China]]: (5,483), and [[Moldova]]: (3,417).[http://demo.istat.it/str2006/index.html] ==Economy== Today the city is a major industrial center, where the headquarters of the [[Automobile|car]] [[company (law)|company]] [[Fiat]] are located. The city is home to the [[Lingotto]] building, which was at one time the largest car factory in the world, and now houses a [[convention centre]], a [[concert hall]], an [[art gallery]], a [[shopping centre]] and a [[hotel]]. Other companies founded in Turin are [[Lancia]], [[Pininfarina]], [[Bertone]], [[Sparco]], [[Italdesign]], [[Ghia]], [[Fioravanti]], [[Stola]], [[Intesa Sanpaolo]], [[Superga (company)|Superga]], [[Invicta]] (1821), [[Luigi Lavazza|Lavazza]], [[Martini & Rossi]], [[Kappa (company)|Kappa]] and the chocolate factory [[Pierre Paul Caffarel|Caffarel]]. The city is also well known for its aerospace industry ([[Alenia]]). The [[Multi-Purpose Logistics Module]]s for the [[International Space Station]] were produced in Turin. The future European launcher projects beyond [[Ariane 5]] will also be managed from Turin, by the new [[NGL Prime SpA|NGL]] company, a subsidiary of [[EADS]] (70%) and [[Finmeccanica]] (30%). Turin is also the birthplace of some of the country's main companies, such as [[Telecom Italia]] (telecommunications), [[RAI|Rai]] (television), and [[cinema]]. Most of these industries have since moved their headquarters to other parts of Italy, but Turin still retains the National Museum of Cinema (in the [[Mole Antonelliana]] building). ==Transportation infrastructure== {{seealso|Gruppo Torinese Trasporti}} The town currently has a large number of rail and road work sites. Although this activity has increased as a result of the [[2006 Winter Olympics]], parts of it had long been planned. Some of the work sites deal with general roadworks to improve traffic flow, such as underpasses and flyovers, but two projects are of major importance and will change the shape of the town radically. One is the ''Spina'' ("spine") which includes the doubling of a major railroad crossing the town. The railroad previously ran in a trench, which will now be covered by a major boulevard. The town rail station on this line will become the main station of Turin (''Porta Susa''). The other major project is the construction of a subway line based on the [[VAL]] system, known as [[Metrotorino]]. This project is expected to continue for years and to cover a larger part of the city, but its first phase was finished in time for the Olympic Games (inaugurated on [[4 February]] [[2006]] and opened to the public the day after). The first leg of the subway system linked the nearby town of [[Collegno]] with the [[Porta Susa]] station in Turin's town centre; a new leg (inaugurated on [[4 October]] [[2007]]) extends now the service to the 'Porta Nuova' railway station. This underground transportation project has historical importance for Turin, as the town has dreamed of an underground line for decades, the first project dating as far back as the twenties. In fact, the main street in the town centre (''Via Roma'') runs atop a tunnel built during the fascist era (when ''Via Roma'' was built). The tunnel was supposed to host the underground line but is now used as an underground car park. A project to build an underground system was ready in the seventies, with government funding for it and for similar projects in [[Milan]] and [[Rome]]; whilst the other two cities went ahead with the projects, Turin local government led by mayor [[Diego Novelli]] shelved the proposal as it believed it to be too costly and unnecessary, but that only meant more funding for Rome and Milan. The city has an international airport known as [[Turin International Airport|Caselle International Airport]] Sandro Pertini (TRN), located few kilometres from downtown and connected to the city by a railway service (from Dora Station) and a bus service (from Porta Nuova and Porta Susa railway stations). ==Main sights== :''For a complete list of Turin's landmarks, see: [[:category:Buildings and structures in Turin|Buildings and structures in Turin]] {| align="right" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" |- | <!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Torino Torri Palatine.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Palatine Towers]] (old photo).]] --> |- | [[Image:Porte Palatine Park.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Palatine Towers]] nowadays, Archaeological Park.]] |- | [[Image:Torino-mole01.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[Mole Antonelliana]].]] |- | [[Image:Mg-k Torino Mole.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[Mole Antonelliana]].]] |- | [[Image:Mg-k Basilica Superga1.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Basilica di Superga]] near Turin.]] |- | [[Image:Mg-k Basilica Superga2.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Basilica di Superga]] near Turin.]] |- | [[Image:Mg-k Torino Carignano.jpg|thumb|250px|The façade of [[Palazzo Carignano]].]] |- | [[Image:Chiesa della Gran Madre a Torino.JPG|250px|thumb|right|The Gran Madre Church from the [[Mole Antonelliana]].]] |- | [[Image:Chiesa Gran Madre at Night.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The Gran Madre Church at night.]] |- | [[Image:Tramonto 1-12-05 1600 x 1200.jpg|250px|thumb|Sunset on the [[Po River]] in Turin]] |} The best known building of the city is the [[Mole Antonelliana]], whose construction began in [[1863]] and which today houses the National Cinema Museum. The [[Palatine Towers]] are among the best preserved Roman remains in northern Italy. The [[Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist (Turin)|Cathedral of St John the Baptist]] houses the [[Shroud of Turin]], an old linen cloth with an imprint of a man, which is believed by many to be the cloth that covered [[Jesus]] in his grave. Nearby is the former royal residence: the seventeenth-century [[Palazzo Reale (Turin)|Palazzo Reale]], built for Madama Reale [[Christine Marie of France]]. The [[Museo Egizio]] has the most important collection of [[Egypt]]ian antiquities in the world after the [[Egyptian Museum|Cairo Museum]]. Turin has buildings of great historical and architectural interest: the [[Savoy Residences]]. In addition to the Royal Palace (the official residence of the Savoys until 1865) there are many palaces, residences and castles in the city centre and in the surrounding towns. Turin is home to Palazzo Chiablese, the Royal Armoury, the Royal Library, [[Palazzo Madama, Turin|Palazzo Madama]], [[Palazzo Carignano]], [[Villa della Regina]], and the Valentino Castle. The complex of the [[Residences of the Royal House of Savoy]] in Turin and in the nearby cities of [[Rivoli]], [[Moncalieri]], [[Venaria Reale]], [[Agliè]], [[Racconigi]], [[Stupinigi]], [[Pollenzo]] and [[Govone]] was declared in 1997 a [[World Heritage Sites]] by [[UNESCO]]. Its gardens include the [[Orto Botanico dell'Università di Torino]], a historic [[botanical garden]]. In the hills overlooking the city is the basilica church of [[Basilica of Superga|Superga]], providing a view of Turin against a backdrop of the snow-capped [[Alps]]. The basilica holds the tombs of many of the dukes of Savoy, as well as many of the kings of Sardinia. Superga can be reached by means of the [[Superga Rack Railway]] from the suburb of Sassi. ==Universities== * [[University of Turin]] * [[Polytechnic University of Turin]] ==Business School== *([[ESCP-EAP European School of Management]]) ==Publishing, journalism and media== After [[Alexandria]], [[Madrid]], [[New Delhi]], [[Antwerp]] and [[Montreal]], Turin was chosen by [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|UNESCO]] as [[World Book Capital]] for the year 2006. The [[Turin International Book Fair|International Book Fair]] is one of the most important fairs of its kind in Europe. Turin is home to one of Italy's principal national newspapers, ''[[La Stampa]]'', and the sports daily newspaper ''[[Tuttosport]]''. The city is also served by other publications such as the Turin edition of ''[[Metro International|Metro]]''. [[RAI]] has had a production centre in Turin since 1968. ==Sport== ===Rowing=== Turin was the city where the [[Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Aviron|FISA]] (international rowing federation) was born in 1892. ===Football=== The city is famous for two [[Football (soccer)|football]] teams: [[Juventus F.C.]] (founded 1897), and [[Torino F.C.]] (founded 1906). These squads play in the oldest [[local derby|derby]] in [[Italy]]: the ''[[Derby della Mole]]'' or ''Derby of Torino''.<ref name="successful">{{cite web | url=http://www.footballderbies.com/honours/index.php?id=39 | title=Football Derbies: ''Derby della Mole'' | work=footballderbies.com | accessdate = 2008-03-08}}.</ref> Juventus is [[Football in Italy|Italy's]] [[Football_records_in_Italy#Most_successful_clubs_overall_.281898_-_present.29|most successful team]], and one of the most prestigious<ref name="successful">{{cite web | url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=107733.html#juventus+building+bridges+serie+b | title=Juventus building bridges in Serie B | work=fifa.com | accessdate = 2006-11-20}}.</ref> and successful in the world.<ref name="successful">{{cite web | url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=107733.html#juventus+building+bridges+serie+b | title=Juventus building bridges in Serie B | work=fifa.com | accessdate = 2006-11-20}}.</ref> The torinese side, world's sixth club with [[International_club_competition_records#World-wide_Ranking_for_international_official_titles_won_by_squad_.28top_20.29|the most official international titles]],<ref name=trophies>Only [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] (with 18 titles), [[Club Atlético Boca Juniors|Boca Juniors]] (17) and other three clubs: [[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]], [[Real Madrid]] (both with 15) and [[El Ahly|Al-Ahly]] (12) have won more [[International_club_competition_records#World-wide_Ranking_for_international_official_titles_won_by_squad_.28top_20.29|official international titles]].</ref> was the [[Timeline_of_football_(soccer)#1980|first team in football history]]<ref name=JFC>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=31085/detail.html|title=FIFA Classic Clubs: Juventus FC|accessdate=2007-08-31|publisher=FIFA Official Website}}</ref> -and only at present- to have won all official [[Timeline_of_football_(soccer)#1980|international championships and cups]] for [[football team|clubs]]<ref name=trophy2>{{cite web|url=http://en.uefa.com/footballeurope/club=50139/domestic.html|title=European clubs facts: Juventus FC|accessdate=2007-10-02|publisher=UEFA Official Website}}</ref> recognized by one of the six [[FIFA#Structure|regional confederations]] ([[UEFA]]<ref name="official European competitions">{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/printoutfiles/competitions/supercup/2006/e/e_84343_pk.pdf|title=UEFA club competitions press kit (.PDF archive, page 23)|accessdate=2006-08-25|publisher=UEFA Official Website}}</ref> in this case) and by [[FIFA]].<ref name=JFC>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=31085/detail.html|title=FIFA Classic Clubs: Juventus FC|accessdate=2007-08-31|publisher=FIFA Official Website}}</ref> In 1949, a plane carrying the whole [[Torino F.C.]] team (at that time the most important in Italy and known as the ''[[Grande Torino]]'') [[Superga air disaster]] hit the back side of the [[Basilica of Superga]], in the Turin hills. [[Valentino Mazzola]] (one of the best Italian players of all times), father of Ferruccio and [[Sandro Mazzola]] (who were later to become football champions) was among those who perished in the crash. ===Olympic Games=== Turin was the host of the [[2006 Winter Olympics]]. ===Other international championships hosted=== {|class="wikitable" ! 1934 | [[1934 European Championships in Athletics]] |- ! 1959 | [[1959 Summer Universiade|I Summer Universiade]] |- ! 1970 | [[1970 Summer Universiade|VI Summer Universiade]] |- ! 2005 | [[Figure Skating European Championship]] |- ! 2006 | [[37th Chess Olympiad]];<br/>World [[fencing (sport)|Fencing]] Championship<ref>http://www.escrime-torino2006.com/eng/</ref> [[2006 Winter Olympics|Host city for the Winter Olympic Games]] |- ! 2007 | [[2007 Winter Universiade|Winter Universiade Games]] |- ! 2008 | 23rd European [[Rhythmic Gymnastics]] (Calisthenics) Championships |- ! 2008 | 11th European and Mediterranean Indoor [[Archery]] Championships: [[Torino 2008]] |- ! 2009 | [[World Air Games]] |- ! 2009 | IAAF European Indoor Championships in Athletics |- ! 2010 | [[Figure Skating World Championship]] |}<ref>[http://195.102.4.163/cgf1/calendar_event.asp?eventcode=01%2F03%2F2007ATH385815&recList=20&sortOrd=&firstrec=60&recno=63&recs=1110] ''thecgf.com'' {{en icon}} Retrieved on [[2007]]-[[10-06]]</ref><ref name="European Athletics">[http://www.european-athletics.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5065&Itemid=78] ''european-athletics.org'' {{en icon}} Retrieved on [[2007]]-[[10-06]]</ref> ===Other sports=== ====Volleyball==== The ''C.U.S. Torino'' volleyball team won 4 times the domestic league and, in season 1979/80 the Volleyball European Champion's Cup. It was the first team from western Europe to win this competition. In the 1990s, the team had been dismantled due to economical issues. ==Chocolate== Turin is the birth place of solid chocolate. It was in Turin that, at the end of the 18th century, Mr. [[Doret]] invented a revolutionary machine that could make solid chocolate (as opposed to drinking chocolate). Turin chocolate firms produce a typical [[chocolate]], called ''[[Gianduiotto]]'', named after [[Gianduja]], a local [[Commedia dell'arte]] mask; plus many other kinds of chocolate. Every year the town organizes ''CioccolaTÒ'', a two-week chocolate festival run with the main Piedmontese chocolate producers, such as [[Venchi]] and others, as well as some big international companies, such as [[Lindt & Sprüngli]]. ==Nearby towns== Turin is surrounded by several smaller cities in the Province of Turin such as [[Grugliasco]], [[Rivoli (Italy)|Rivoli]], [[Chivasso]], [[Venaria Reale|Venaria]], [[Settimo Torinese]], [[Orbassano]], [[Moncalieri]], [[Avigliana]], [[Buttigliera Alta]], [[Gassino Torinese]], [[Nichelino]], [[Collegno]], [[Pino Torinese]], [[Chieri]], [[Cirié]], [[Ivrea]], [[Pinerolo]], [[Borgaretto]] and others, that make up one of Italy's primary metropolitan areas. ==Notable natives== * [[Giovanni Agnelli]] (1866-1945), founder of Fiat. *[[Edoardo Agnelli (industrialist)|Edoardo Agnelli]] (1892-1935) industrialist, director of [[FIAT]] and [[Juventus F.C.]]'s president. * [[Gianni Agnelli]] (1921-2003), influential chairman, director of [[FIAT]] and [[Juventus F.C.]]'s president. *[[Umberto Agnelli]] (1934-2004) industrialist, director of [[FIAT]] and [[Juventus F.C.]]'s president. * [[Giuliano Amato]] (born 1938), politician, former Prime Minister of Italy. * [[Amedeo Avogadro]] (1776-1856), [[Physics|physicist]]. * [[Alessandro Baricco]] (born 1958), writer. * [[Fred Buscaglione]] (1921-1960), singer and songwriter. * [[Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti]] (1719-1789), critic. * [[Count Camillo Benso di Cavour|Camillo Benso, count of Cavour]], politician ([[Italian unification]]). * [[Roberto Bettega]], former footballer and manager. * [[Norberto Bobbio]] (1909-2004), historian and philosopher. * [[Giampiero Boniperti]], former footballer and [[Juventus F.C.]]'s president. * [[Gianpiero Combi]] (1902-1956), former footballer. [[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934 World Cup]] champion. * [[Arturo Brachetti]] * [[Carla Bruni]] (born 1968), singer, model and wife of French president [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]. * [[Pierre Paul Caffarel]] (1795-1850), founder of the first chocolate factory in the world. * [[Antonio Benedetto Carpano]] (1764-1815), inventor of [[vermouth]] and [[apéritif]]. * [[Leo Chiosso]] (1920-2006), lyricist, songwriter with [[Fred Buscaglione]]. * [[Robert Fano]] (1917-2004), engineer. * [[Galileo Ferraris]] (1847-1897), physicist and electrical engineer. * [[Piero Gobetti]] (1901-1926), intellectual. * [[Joseph Louis Lagrange]] (1736-1813), mathematician. * [[Vincenzo Lancia]] (1881-1937), sportsman and businessman, founder of [[Lancia]]. * [[Luigi Lavazza]] (1859-1949), inventor and [[coffee]] businessman. * [[Carlo Levi]] (1902-1975), painter and writer. * [[Primo Levi]] (1919-1987), chemist, philosopher, [[Holocaust]] survivor and writer. * [[Salvador Edward Luria]] (1912-1991), winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. * [[Alessandro Martini]] (1812-1905), vermouth businessman. * [[Mau Mau (band)|Mau Mau]] (formed 1991), rock band. * [[Davide Rossi]] (1970) violinist, composer, string arranger ([[Goldfrapp]], [[Coldplay]], [[The Verve]]). * [[Carlo Mollino]] (1905-1973), architect and designer. * [[Rita Levi-Montalcini]] (1909), winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. * [[Adriano Olivetti]] (1901-1960), businessman. * [[Carlo Parola]] (1921-2000), former footballer. He's considered to be one of the inventors of the [[bicycle kick]] in [[Italy]]. * [[Giuseppe Peano]] (1858-1932), mathematician. * [[Aurelio Peccei]] (1908-1984), founder of the [[Club of Rome]]. * [[Gabry Ponte]], DJ member of [[Eiffel 65]]. * [[Vittorio Pozzo]] (1886-1968), former [[Italian national football team]] coach, [[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934]] and [[1938 FIFA World Cup]] winner. * [[Tullio Regge]] (born 1931), physicist * [[Piero Sraffa]] (1898-1983), economist. * [[Subsonica]] (formed 1996), rock band. * [[Massimo Taparelli, marquis d'Azeglio]] (1798-1866), statesman, novelist and painter. * [[Umberto Tozzi]] (1952), singer. * [[Gianni Vattimo]] (1936), philosopher. * [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy]] (1820-1878), King of [[Piedmont]] and the first King of the united Italy. ==Notable residents== {{main|List of people associated with Turin}} * [[Alessandro Del Piero]] (born 1974), [[footballer]]. * [[Edmondo de Amicis]] (1846-1908), novelist, journalist, and short-story writer. * [[St. John Bosco]] (1815-1888), [[Catholic]] priest, educator and recognized pedagogue. * [[Francesco Faà di Bruno]] (1825-1888), mathematician and priest. * [[Italo Calvino]] (1923-1985), journalist and writer. * [[Gaspare Campari]] (1828), drink maker. * [[Francesco Cirio]] (1836-1900), businessman. * [[Renato Dulbecco]] (born 1914), he won a [[1975]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]. * [[Umberto Eco]] (born 1932), [[medievalist]], [[semiotician]], [[philosopher]], [[literary critic]] and [[novelist]]. * [[Luigi Einaudi]] (1874-1961), [[politician]] and economist. * [[Desiderius Erasmus]]<ref name="eresie">[http://www.eresie.it/id337.htm http://www.eresie.it/id337.htm] ''eresie.it'' {{it icon}} Retrieved on [[2007]]-[[10-06]]</ref><ref name="cronologia">[http://cronologia.leonardo.it/mondo41e.htm http://cronologia.leonardo.it/mondo41e.htm] ''cronologia.leonardo.it'' {{it icon}} Retrieved on [[2007]]-[[10-06]]</ref> (1466/1469-1536), [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[Renaissance humanism|humanist]] and [[theology|theologian]]. * [[Guido Fubini]] (1879-1942), [[Mathematician]]. * [[Natalia Ginzburg]] (1916-1991), [[writer]]. * [[Antonio Gramsci]] (1891-1937), [[writer]], [[politician]] and [[political theorist]], founding member and onetime leader of the [[Communist Party of Italy]]. * [[Primo Levi]] (1919-1987), chemist, philosopher, [[Holocaust]] survivor and writer. * [[Cesare Lombroso]] (1836-1909), [[criminologist]] and founder of the [[Italian school of criminology|Italian School of Positivist Criminology]]. * [[Claudio Magris]] (born 1939) scholar, translator, writer and [[Italian Senate|Italian senator]]. * [[Joseph de Maistre]] (1753-1821), [[French language|French-speaking]] [[Savoy]]ard lawyer, diplomat, writer, and philosopher. * [[Giulio Natta]] (1903-1979), [[chemist]], won a [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in [[1963]]. * [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] (1844-1900), [[Germany|German]] [[philosopher]]. * [[Vilfredo Pareto]] (1848-1923), [[France|French]]-[[Italy|Italian]] [[sociologist]], [[economist]] and [[philosopher]]. * [[Cesare Pavese]] (1908-1950), [[poet]], novelist, literary critic and translator. * [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] (1712-1778), [[France|French]] philosopher. * [[Emilio Salgari]] (1862-1911), [[writer]]. * [[Ascanio Sobrero]] (1812-1888), [[chemist]]. * [[Germain Sommeiller]] (1815-1871), [[civil engineering|civil engineer]]. * [[Gianni Vattimo]] (born 1936), author, philosopher, and politician. * [[Elio Vittorini]]<ref>[http://moniadibiagio.mastertopforum.com/viewtopic.php?p=9793&sid=6f4934cd45220a5da0f5f4139f187066&PHPSESSID=112cf30b17659e48cb0dbe6df7ae810b] {{it icon}} Retrieved on [[2007]]-[[11-03]]</ref> (1908-1966), writer and novelist. ==International relations== Twin cities: {| border="0" |- |valign="top"| * {{flagicon|EUR}} European ** {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Chambéry]], [[France]] <ref name="ct-tc"> [http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/index.shtml Turin City Hall - International Affairs] {{en icon}} Retrieved on [[2008]]-[[01-26]].</ref> ** {{flagicon|GER}} [[Cologne]], [[Germany]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|LUX}} [[Esch-sur-Alzette]], [[Luxemburg]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Liège]], [[Belgium]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lille]], [[France]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|NED}} [[Rotterdam]], [[Netherlands]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> |valign="top"| * Americas ** {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Campo Grande]], [[Brazil]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Córdoba (Argentina)|Córdoba]], [[Argentina]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|USA}} [[Detroit]], [[United States|USA]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|GUA}} [[Quetzaltenango]], [[Guatemala]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|USA}} [[Salt Lake City]], [[United States|USA]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> |valign="top"| * Asia ** {{flagicon|PSE}} [[Gaza]], [[Palestinian National Authority]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Haifa]], [[Israel]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> ** {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shenyang]], [[China]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> |} Collaboration accords with: {| border="0" |- |valign="top"| * {{flagicon|ROU}} [[Bacău]], [[Romania]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> * {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> * {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lyon]], [[France]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> * {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Cannes]], [[France]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> * {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Gwangju]], [[South Korea]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> * {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Harbin]], [[China]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> * {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shenzhen]], [[China]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> * {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Vancouver]], [[Canada]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> * {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Zlin]], [[Czech Republic]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> * {{flagicon|COL}} [[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]]<ref name="ct-tc"/> |} ==References== *{{Catholic}} ==Footnotes== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{sisterlinks|Torino}} * [http://www.comune.torino.it The official institutional site] — website version is in Italian - Also some pages in [[English language|English]], [[German language|German]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[French language|French]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Arabic Language|Arabic]], and [[Albanian Language|Albanian]] * [http://www.turismotorino.org/index.php?id=512&navCmd=reset Turismo Torino] The official tourist guide, available in English, Italian, French, Spanish and German. *[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/609705/Turin Encyclopaedia Britannica, Turin] * [http://www.torino2006.org/ Turin 2006 Olympic Games] — English, Italian and French. Website version is in Italian. * [http://citymayors.com/interviews/turin_interview.html CityMayors article]. * [http://www.universiadetorino2007.org/ENG/HomeENG.asp Winter Universiade Torino 2007] — English, Italian and French. Website version is Italian. *[http://www.torinofilmfest.org/index.php?lang=eng Torino Film Festival] * [http://www.fieralibro.it/ International Book Fair]. * [http://www.museonazionaledelcinema.org/ National Cinema Museum of Italy]. * [http://www.flickr.com/photos/87095245@N00/sets/1480109/ Postcards from Turin]. * [http://www.witchology.com/contents/interviews/turin_hell.php Turin and the Gates of Hell] - Interview with Dr Leo Ruickbie. * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Italy_states2.htm WorldStatesmen- Italy] <br/>{{start box}} {{succession box |before = [[Montreal]] |title = [[World Book Capital]] |years = 2006 |after = [[Bogotá]] }} {{end box}} {{Template group |list = {{Olympic Winter Games Host Cities}} {{World Book Capital}} {{Province of Turin}} {{Regional capitals of Italy}} }} <!--As featured article--> <!--Categories--> [[Category:Turin| ]] [[Category:Roman colonies]] [[Category:Roman towns and cities in Italy]] [[Category:Cities and towns in Piedmont]] [[Category:Province of Turin]] [[Category:Major Cities in Italy]] {{Link FA|af}} {{Link FA|ro}} <!--Other languages--> [[af:Turyn]] [[ar:تورينو]] [[frp:Turin]] [[be-x-old:Турын (горад)]] [[bs:Torino]] [[br:Torino]] [[bg:Торино]] [[ca:Torí]] [[cv:Турин]] [[cs:Turín]] [[co:Torinu]] [[cy:Torino]] [[da:Torino]] [[de:Turin]] [[et:Torino]] [[el:Τορίνο]] [[eml:Turén]] [[es:Turín]] [[eo:Torino]] [[eu:Turin]] [[fa:تورین]] [[fr:Turin]] [[fy:Turyn (stêd)]] [[gl:Turín - Torino]] [[ko:토리노]] [[hy:Թուրին]] [[hi:टोरीनो]] [[hr:Torino]] [[id:Torino]] [[is:Tórínó]] [[it:Torino]] [[he:טורינו]] [[jv:Torino]] [[ka:ტურინი]] [[kw:Torino]] [[ht:Turin, Iowa]] [[la:Taurinum]] [[lv:Turīna]] [[lb:Turin]] [[lt:Turinas]] [[lij:Torin]] [[lmo:Turin]] [[hu:Torino]] [[mr:तोरिनो]] [[nl:Turijn (stad)]] [[ja:トリノ]] [[nap:Turino]] [[no:Torino]] [[nn:Torino]] [[oc:Turin]] [[pms:Turin]] [[nds:Turin]] [[pl:Turyn]] [[pt:Turim]] [[ro:Torino]] [[qu:Torino]] [[ru:Турин]] [[scn:Turinu]] [[simple:Turin]] [[sk:Turín]] [[sl:Torino]] [[sr:Торино]] [[sh:Torino]] [[fi:Torino]] [[sv:Turin]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Torino]] [[th:โตริโน]] [[vi:Torino]] [[tr:Torino]] [[uk:Турін]] [[vec:Turìn]] [[vo:Torino]] [[zh:都靈]]