U.S. Route 1 75235 223069983 2008-07-02T12:43:47Z Infrogmation 4444 /* Florida */ Don't try to fool newbies into thinking the link is to the article about Florida. Making actual subject apparent. {{infobox U.S. Route| |route=1 |map=US-1-map.png |length_mi=2377 |length_ref=<ref name=AASHTO>[[American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials]], [http://cms.transportation.org/?siteid=68&pageid=1760 United States Numbered Highways], 1989 Edition</ref> |length_round=0 |formed=1926 |direction_a=South |direction_b=North |terminus_a=Fleming Street in [[Key West, FL]] |junction={{jct|state=FL|US|41}} in [[Miami, FL]]<br>{{jct|state=FL|US|90}} in [[Jacksonville, FL]]<br>{{jct|state=SC|US|76}} in [[Columbia, SC]]<br>{{jct|state=NC|US|70}} in [[Raleigh, North Carolina]]<br>{{jct|state=VA|US|60}} in [[Richmond, VA]]<br>{{jct|state=DC|US|50}} in [[Washington, DC]]<br>{{jct|state=PA|US|30}} in [[Philadelphia, PA]]<br>{{jct|state=NY|US|9}} in [[New York, NY]]<br>{{jct|state=MA|to1=to|US|20}} in [[Boston, MA]]<br>{{jct|state=ME|US|302}} in [[Portland, ME]] |terminus_b=[[New Brunswick Route 161|NB 161]] in [[Clair, NB]] |commons=category }} '''U.S. Route 1''' (US 1) is a major north-south [[U.S. Highway]] that serves the [[East Coast of the United States]]. It runs over 2000 miles (3000 km) from [[Key West, Florida]] north to [[Fort Kent, Maine]] at the [[Canadian border (US)|Canadian border]]. US 1 generally parallels [[Interstate 95]], though it is significantly farther west (inland) between [[Jacksonville, Florida]] and [[Petersburg, Virginia]]. The highway connects most of the major cities of the east coast, including [[Miami, Florida]]; [[Jacksonville, Florida]]; [[Augusta, Georgia]]; [[Columbia, South Carolina]]; [[Raleigh, North Carolina]]; [[Richmond, Virginia]]; [[Washington, D.C.]]; [[Baltimore, Maryland]]; [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]; [[Newark, New Jersey]]; [[New York City]]; [[New Haven, Connecticut]]; [[Providence, Rhode Island]]; [[Boston, Massachusetts]]; and [[Portland, Maine]]. US 1 is the easternmost of the main north-south U.S. Highways, all of which end in one, but there are areas where it is not the easternmost route of the system, with large portions of [[US 9]], [[US 13]], [[US 17]], and [[US 301]] occupying corridors closer to the ocean. When the system was laid out in the 1920s, US 1 was mostly assigned to the existing Atlantic Highway, which followed the [[fall line]] between the [[Piedmont (United States)|Piedmont]] and the [[Atlantic Coastal Plain]] north of Augusta.<ref>[http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/ewjames.htm E. W. James on designating the Federal-aid system and developing the U.S. numbered highway plan]</ref> At the time, the highways further east were of lower quality and did not serve the major population centers.<ref name="1926 Rand McNally">[[Rand McNally]] Auto Road Atlas, 1926, accessed via the [http://www.broermapsonline.org/members/ Broer Map Library]</ref> ==Route description== ===Florida=== [[Image:South end of US 1.jpg|thumb|left|Mile zero in Key West]] {{main|U.S. Route 1 in Florida}} US 1 travels along the east coast of [[Florida]], beginning in [[Key West, FL|Key West]] and passing through [[Miami, FL|Miami]], [[Fort Lauderdale, FL|Fort Lauderdale]],[[West Palm Beach, FL|West Palm Beach]] [[Fort Pierce, FL|Fort Pierce]], [[Melbourne, FL|Melbourne]], [[Daytona Beach, FL|Daytona Beach]], [[Palm Coast, FL|Palm Coast]], [[St. Augustine, FL|St. Augustine]], and [[Jacksonville, FL|Jacksonville]]. The southernmost piece through the [[Florida Keys]], about 100 miles (150 km) long, is the two-lane [[Overseas Highway]], originally built in the 1930s after the [[Florida East Coast Railway]]'s [[Overseas Railroad]] was ruined by the [[Labor Day Hurricane of 1935]]. The rest of US 1 in Florida is generally a four-lane [[divided highway]], despite the existence of the newer [[I-95 (FL)|I-95]] not far away. [[State Road A1A (Florida)|State Road A1A]] is a mostly-continuous beachfront alternate to US 1, cut only by inlets and the [[Kennedy Space Center]]. North of Jacksonville, US 1 turns northwest in order to reach the [[fall line]] at [[Augusta, Georgia]]; [[US 17]] becomes the coastal route into [[Virginia]], where [[US 13]] takes over.<ref name=maps>[[Google Maps]] street maps and [[USGS]] [[topographic map]]s, accessed via [http://mapper.acme.com/ ACME Mapper]</ref> Until the 1990s, US 1 used high contrast markers (white text on a red background).<ref>John Gordon, [[The Virginian-Pilot]], U.S. Highway 17 to Florida: Scenic, Historic and Very Slow, [[December 29]], [[1993]]: "Drivers know they're in Florida when they notice the U.S. Highway signs are color coded for easy recognition. U.S. 17, for instance, is yellow, while U.S. 1 is red, U.S. 90 is blue and U.S. 27 is green."</ref> ===Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina=== {{main|U.S. Route 1 in Georgia|U.S. Route 1 in South Carolina|U.S. Route 1 in North Carolina|l1=Georgia|l2=South Carolina|l3=North Carolina}} The part of US 1 in [[Georgia (US)|Georgia]], as it shifts from the coastal alignment in Florida to the fall line alignment in South Carolina, is generally very rural, passing through [[swamp]]s and former [[plantation]]s between the towns and cities of [[Folkston, GA|Folkston]], [[Waycross, GA|Waycross]], [[Baxley, GA|Baxley]], [[Swainsboro, GA|Swainsboro]], and [[Augusta, GA|Augusta]]. After crossing into [[South Carolina]], US 1 is paralleled by [[Interstate 20 (South Carolina)|Interstate 20]] along the fall line through [[Aiken, SC|Aiken]] and [[Columbia, SC|Columbia]] to [[Camden, SC|Camden]]. Beyond Camden, US 1 continues northeast into [[North Carolina]], becoming a freeway at [[Southern Pines, NC|Southern Pines]]. US 1 continues through [[Sanford, NC|Sanford]], and on to [[Raleigh, NC|Raleigh]]. North of Raleigh US 1 crosses I-540 and then again becomes a four-lane [[divided highway]] to [[Interstate 85 (North Carolina)|Interstate 85]] near [[Henderson, NC|Henderson]]; from Henderson into Virginia, US 1 parallels I-85 as a two-lane road. ===Virginia, Washington D.C., and Maryland=== [[Image:14th Street Bridge Complex 1.jpg|thumb|right|The [[14th Street Bridge]]]] {{main|U.S. Route 1 in Virginia|U.S. Route 1 in the District of Columbia|U.S. Route 1 in Maryland|l1=Virginia|l2=District of Columbia|l3=Maryland}} Through [[Virginia]], US 1 is paralleled by Interstates: the remainder of [[Interstate 85 (Virginia)|Interstate 85]] to [[Petersburg, VA|Petersburg]], [[Interstate 95 (Virginia)|Interstate 95]] through [[Richmond, VA|Richmond]] and [[Fredericksburg, VA|Fredericksburg]] to [[Alexandria, VA|Alexandria]], and [[Interstate 395 (Virginia)|Interstate 395]] into [[Arlington, VA|Arlington]]. Within Virginia, US 1 is called [[Jefferson Davis Highway]] by state law, although local communities have renamed it without consequence. It is best known as "Jeff Davis Highway". US 1 crosses the [[Potomac River]] with I-395 on the [[14th Street Bridge]]s, and splits to follow mainly [[14th Street]] and [[Rhode Island Avenue]] through the [[District of Columbia]]. After exiting the District into [[Maryland]], US 1 follows the Baltimore-Washington Boulevard, the first of several modern highways built along the [[Baltimore-Washington]] corridor; [[I-95 (MD)|I-95]] is the newest, after the [[Baltimore-Washington Parkway]]. The route bypasses [[downtown Baltimore, Maryland|downtown Baltimore]] on its west and north sides and exits the city to the northeast on Belair Road, gradually leaving the I-95 corridor, which passes through [[Wilmington, Delaware]], for a straighter path towards Philadelphia. Around and beyond [[Bel Air, MD|Bel Air]], US 1 is a two-lane road, crossing the [[Susquehanna River]] over the top of the [[Conowingo Dam]] before entering Pennsylvania. (US 1 bypasses [[Delaware]], unlike I-95).<ref name=maps/> ===Pennsylvania=== [[Image:Roosevelt Boulevard.JPG|thumb|left|[[Roosevelt Boulevard (Philadelphia)|Roosevelt Boulevard]]]] {{main|U.S. Route 1 in Pennsylvania|l1=Pennsylvania}} The two-lane US 1 becomes a four-lane [[freeway]], officially known as the [[John H. Ware III]] Memorial Highway, upon crossing into [[Pennsylvania]]. This bypass extends around [[Oxford, PA|Oxford]] and [[Kennett Square, PA|Kennett Square]], merging into the four-lane divided [[Baltimore Pike]] just beyond the latter. At [[Media, PA|Media]], US 1 again becomes a freeway - the Media Bypass - ending just beyond [[Interstate 476]]. After several name changes, the road becomes [[City Avenue]], the western city limit of [[Philadelphia, PA|Philadelphia]], at the end of which a short [[overlap (road)|overlap]] with [[Interstate 76 (Pennsylvania)|Interstate 76]] leads to the [[Roosevelt Expressway (Philadelphia)|Roosevelt Expressway]] and then the twelve-lane [[Roosevelt Boulevard (Philadelphia)|Roosevelt Boulevard]]. US 1 again becomes a freeway after leaving the city, bypassing [[Penndel, PA|Penndel]] and [[Morrisville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Morrisville]] and crossing the [[Delaware River]] into New Jersey on the [[Trenton-Morrisville Toll Bridge]].<ref name=maps/> ===New Jersey and New York=== [[Image:Pulaski Skyway full view.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Pulaski Skyway]]]] {{main|U.S. Route 1 in New Jersey|U.S. Route 1 in New York|l1=New Jersey|l2=New York}} After crossing into [[New Jersey]], US 1 continues on the [[Trenton Freeway]] through the city of [[Trenton, NJ|Trenton]], becoming a [[divided highway]] with frequent [[jughandle]]s once the freeway ends. The highway bypasses [[New Brunswick, NJ|New Brunswick]] before merging with [[US 9 (NJ)|US 9]] in [[Woodbridge, NJ|Woodbridge]], beyond which the [[US 1/9]] [[concurrency (road)|concurrency]] continues through the rest of the state. The divided highway remains through [[Rahway, NJ|Rahway]] and [[Elizabeth, NJ|Elizabeth]], though largely without jughandles, until it reaches the [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark Airport]], where it becomes an eight-lane freeway around downtown [[Newark, NJ|Newark]]. The historic [[Pulaski Skyway]] takes US 1/9 into [[Jersey City, NJ|Jersey City]], and the route exits the freeway at [[Tonnele Circle]] to head north into [[Bergen County, NJ|Bergen County]]. After joining the almost-freeway [[US 46 (NJ)|US 46]], the three routes run northeast to the [[George Washington Bridge]] plaza, where they merge into [[I-95 (NJ)|I-95]]. US 46 ends in the middle of the bridge, which crosses the [[Hudson River]] into [[New York]], and [[US 9 (NY)|US 9]] exits just beyond onto [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] in [[Manhattan]], but US 1 stays with [[I-95 (NY)|I-95]] onto the [[Cross-Bronx Expressway]], exiting in [[the Bronx]] onto Webster Avenue. Two turns take US 1 via [[Fordham Road]] to Boston Road, which it follows northeast out of the city to the state line, never straying far from I-95.<ref name=maps/> ===Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts=== {{main|U.S. Route 1 in Connecticut|U.S. Route 1 in Rhode Island|U.S. Route 1 in Massachusetts|l1=Connecticut|l2=Rhode Island|l3=Massachusetts}} US 1 serves the shore of the [[Long Island Sound]] in [[Connecticut]], parallel to [[I-95 (CT)|I-95]]. Beyond [[New Haven, CT|New Haven]], the highway travels east-west, and some signs in the state indicate this rather than the standard north-south. While [[I-95 (RI)|I-95]] in [[Rhode Island]] takes a diagonal path to [[Providence, RI|Providence]], US 1 continues east along the coast through [[Westerly, RI|Westerly]] to [[Wakefield, RI|Wakefield]], where it turns north and follows [[Narragansett Bay]]. Most of this part is a four-lane [[divided highway]], providing access to [[Route 138 (Rhode Island)|Route 138]] towards [[Newport, RI|Newport]]. After [[Route 4 (Rhode Island)|Route 4]] splits as a mostly-[[freeway]] connection to I-95, US 1 becomes a lower-speed surface road, passing through [[Warwick, RI|Warwick]], Providence, and [[Pawtucket, RI|Pawtucket]]. The route parallels [[I-95 (MA)|I-95]] again through Providence and Pawtucket and into [[Massachusetts]], traveling towards [[Boston, MA|Boston]] as a four-lane road. When it reaches [[Dedham, MA|Dedham]], US 1 turns east, [[overlap (road)|overlap]]ping [[Route 128 (Massachusetts)|Route 128]] and [[I-93 (MA)|I-93]] east to [[Braintree, MA|Braintree]] and north through [[Downtown Boston]]. The [[Tobin Bridge]] and [[Northeast Expressway (Boston)|Northeast Expressway]] take US 1 out of Boston, after which it again parallels I-95 through [[Newburyport, MA|Newburyport]] to the New Hampshire state line.<ref name=maps/> ===New Hampshire and Maine=== [[Image:Portsmouth Memorial Bridge 01.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Memorial Bridge (Portsmouth, New Hampshire)|Memorial Bridge]]]] [[Image:Northern Terminus of US Route 1.jpg|thumb|right|The monument marking the northern terminus in Fort Kent, ME]] {{main|U.S. Route 1 in New Hampshire|U.S. Route 1 in Maine|l1=New Hampshire|l2=Maine}} The short portion of US 1 in [[New Hampshire]] follows the historic Lafayette Road, staying close to [[I-95 (NH)|I-95]], before leaving the city of [[Portsmouth, NH|Portsmouth]] on the [[Memorial Bridge (Portsmouth, New Hampshire)|Memorial Bridge]] over the [[Piscataqua River]]. Within [[Maine]], US 1 begins as a parallel route to [[I-95 (ME)|I-95]] near the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. At [[Portland, ME|Portland]], I-95 splits off to the north, and [[I-295 (ME)|I-295]] heads northeast with US 1 to [[Brunswick, ME|Brunswick]]. There US 1 turns east as a mostly two-lane road along the coast to [[Calais, ME|Calais]]; this portion is advertised as the "Coastal Route" on signs. North from Calais, US 1 follows the [[Canadian border (US)|Canadian border]], crossing I-95 in Houlton and eventually turning west and southwest to its "north" end at the [[Clair-Fort Kent Bridge]] in [[Fort Kent, ME|Fort Kent]]. The short [[New Brutswick Route 205|Route 205]] extends north on the [[New Brunswick]] (Canada) side of the bridge to [[New Brunswick Route 120|Route 120]], a secondary east-west route from [[Edmundston, New Brunswick]] west to [[Saint-Alexandre, Quebec]].<ref name=maps/> ==History== {{dablink|For more details, see the state-specific articles linked in the route description above.}} [[Image:New England 1.svg|thumb|left|75px|Marker used for Route 1 in [[New England]] (1922)]] The direct predecessor to US 1 was the Atlantic Highway, an [[auto trail]] established in 1911 as the [[Quebec-Miami International Highway]]. In 1915 it was renamed the Atlantic Highway,<ref>William Kaszynski, The American Highway: The History and Culture of Roads in the United States, 2000, p. 38</ref> and the northern terminus was changed to [[Calais, Maine]].<ref>[[Decatur Daily Review]], Many Auto Highways Gridiron the Nation, [[November 14]], [[1915]]</ref> Due to the overlapping of auto trail designations, portions of the route had other names that remain in common use, such as the [[Boston Post Road]] between [[Boston, MA|Boston]] and [[New York, NY|New York]], the [[Lincoln Highway]] between New York and [[Philadelphia, PA|Philadelphia]], Baltimore Pike between Philadelphia and [[Baltimore, MD|Baltimore]], and the [[Dixie Highway]] in and south of eastern [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. North of [[Augusta, Georgia]], the highway generally followed the [[fall line]], rather than a more easterly route through the [[swamp]]s of the [[Atlantic Coastal Plain]].<ref>[[Clason Map Company]], [http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/midgetmap.htm Midget Map of the Transcontinental Trails of the United States], 1923</ref> When the [[New England road marking system]] was established in 1922, the Atlantic Highway within [[New England]] was signed as '''Route 1''', with a Route 24 continuing north to [[Madawaska, ME|Madawaska]];<ref>[[New York Times]], Motor Sign Uniformity, [[April 16]], [[1922]], p. 98</ref> [[New York]] extended the number to [[New York City]] in 1924 with its own [[New York State Route 1 (1924)|Route 1]].<ref>[[New York Times]], New York's Main Highways Designated by Numbers, [[December 21]], [[1924]], p. XX9</ref> Other states adopted their own systems of numbering, and by 1926 all states but [[Maryland]] had signed the Atlantic Highway as various routes, usually changing numbers at the state line. In 1925, the [[Joint Board on Interstate Highways]] created a preliminary list of interstate routes to be marked by the states,<ref name="FHWA planning">Richard F. Weingroff, [http://wwwcf.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/numbers.htm From Names to Numbers: The Origins of the U.S. Numbered Highway System]</ref> including Route 1 along the Atlantic. This highway began at [[Fort Kent, Maine]] and followed the existing Route 24 to [[Houlton, ME|Houlton]] and [[Route 15 (New England)|Route 15]] to [[Bangor, ME|Bangor]], beyond which it generally followed the Atlantic Highway to Miami.<ref name="1925 list">Report of Joint Board on Interstate Highways, [[October 30]], [[1925]], Approved by the Secretary of Agriculture, [[November 18]], [[1925]]</ref> In all states but [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] that had numbered their [[state highway]]s, Route 1 followed only one or two numbers across the state.<ref>The following routes were used, shown on the 1926 Rand McNally: *Florida: 4 *Georgia: 15, 17, and 24 *South Carolina: 12 and 50 *North Carolina: 50 *Virginia: 31 *Maryland: state highways were not numbered prior to the U.S. Highway system *Pennsylvania: 12 and 1 *New Jersey: 13 and 1 *New York: 1 *New England: 1 and 24, and a small piece of 160 beyond [[Madawaska, Maine]] (in the 1925 plan, part of 15 was also used) </ref> The only significant deviation from the Atlantic Highway was between [[Augusta, Georgia]] and [[Jacksonville, Florida]], where Route 1 was assigned to a more inland route, rather than following the Atlantic Highway via [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]].<ref name="1926 Rand McNally">[[Rand McNally]] Auto Road Atlas, 1926, accessed via the [http://www.broermapsonline.org/members/ Broer Map Library]</ref> One of the many changes made to the system before the final numbering was adopted in 1926 involved US 1 in Maine. The 1925 plan had assigned Route 1 to the shorter inland route (Route 15) between Houlton and Bangor, while [[U.S. Route 2|Route 2]] followed the longer coastal route via Calais. In the system as adopted in 1926, US 2 instead took the inland route, while US 1 followed the coast, absorbing all of the former Routes 24 and 1 in New England.<ref name="1926 map">[[:Image:1926us.jpg|United States System of Highways]], [[November 11]], [[1926]]</ref><ref name="1927 log">United States Numbered Highways, ''[[American Highways]]'' ([[American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials|AASHO]]), April 1927</ref> Many local and regional relocations, often onto parallel [[superhighway]]s, were made in the early days of US 1; this included the four-lane divided [[Route 25 (New Jersey)|Route 25]] in [[New Jersey]], completed in 1932 with the opening of the [[Pulaski Skyway]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Hart|first=Steven|title=The Last Three Miles: Politics, Murder, and the Construction of America's First Superhighway|publisher=[[The New Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-59558-098-6|pages=pp. 1-5}}</ref> and a bypass of Bangor involving the [[Waldo-Hancock Bridge]], opened in 1931.<ref>[[Maine Department of Transportation]], [http://www.maine.gov/mdot/covered-bridges/waldo.php Waldo-Hancock Bridge], accessed October 2007</ref> The [[Overseas Highway]] from Miami to [[Key West, FL|Key West]] was completed in 1938, and soon became a southern extension of US 1.<ref>[[State Road Department of Florida]], [http://alabamamaps.ua.edu/historicalmaps/us_states/florida/index3.html Official State Road Map of Florida], 1941</ref> With the construction of the [[Interstate Highway System]] in and after the 1950s, much of US 1 from Houlton to Miami was bypassed by [[Interstate 95]]. Between Houlton and [[Brunswick, Maine]], I-95 took a shorter inland route, much of it paralleling US 2 on the alignment proposed for US 1 in 1925. Between [[Philadelphia, PA|Philadelphia]] and [[Baltimore, MD|Baltimore]], I-95 leaves US 1 to pass through [[Wilmington, DE|Wilmington]]. Most notably, I-95 and US 1 follow different corridors between [[Petersburg, Virginia]] and [[Jacksonville, Florida]]; while US 1 followed the fall line west of the coastal plain, I-95 takes a more direct route through the plain and its swamps. Although some of this part of US 1 was followed by other Interstates - [[I-85]] between Petersburg and [[Henderson, North Carolina]], and [[I-20]] between [[Camden, South Carolina]] and [[Augusta, Georgia]] - the rest remains an independent route that has been four-laned in many places. By the late 1970s, most of I-95 had been completed, replacing US 1 as the main corridor of the east coast and relegating most of it to local road status.<ref>[[Gulf]], Tourgide: United States, Canada and Mexico ([[Rand McNally & Company]]), 1977</ref> ==See also== *[[Auxiliary routes of U.S. Route 1]] ===Related U.S. Routes=== {{US 1}} Note: [[US 101]], running along the Pacific Ocean from [[Los Angeles]] to western [[Washington]], is ''not'' considered part of the US 1 "family". ===Related state highways=== *[[Florida State Road A1A]] *[[Massachusetts Route 1A]] *[[New York State Route 1A]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.geocities.com/usend0009/End001/end001.htm End of U.S. Highway 1] {{US Highways}} {{start srbox}} {{New England browse|previous_route=32A|next_route=1A}} {{end box}} [[Category:U.S. Highway System|01]] [[Category:U.S. Route 1| ]] [[bg:Магистрала 1 на САЩ]] [[de:U.S. Highway 1]] [[fr:U.S. Route 1]] [[it:U.S. Route 1]] [[nl:U.S. Route 1]] [[ja:国道1号線 (アメリカ合衆国)]] [[pt:U.S. Route 1]] [[simple:U.S. Route 1]] [[sv:U.S. Route 1]] [[zh:美國國道1]]