Uniform 38237 221912950 2008-06-26T17:31:07Z SJP 2716074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/66.154.186.24|66.154.186.24]] to last version by AkhtaBot (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]]) {{otheruses}} A '''uniform''' is a set of standard [[clothing]] worn by members of an organization while participating in that organization's activity. People performing religious activities have often worn standard [[costumes]] since the dawn of recorded history. Other early examples of people wearing uniforms include the clothing of the armies of the [[Roman Empire]] and other civilizations. Modern uniforms are worn by [[armed forces]] and [[paramilitary]] organisations such as [[police]], emergency services, [[security guard]]s, in some workplaces and [[school]]s and by inmates in [[prison]]s. In some countries, some other officials also wear uniforms in some of their duties; such is the case of the [[Public Health Service Commissioned Corps|Commissioned Corps]] of the [[United States Public Health Service]] or the [[France|French]] [[préfet|prefect]]s. ==Service and work uniforms== Workers sometimes wear uniforms or [[corporate]] clothing of one nature or another, including but not limited to [[retailer|shop]] workers, [[bank]] and [[post office]] workers, [[airline]] employees and holiday operators, and [[bar (establishment)|bar]], [[restaurant]] and [[hotel]] employees. The use of uniforms by these organizations is often an effort in [[brand]]ing and developing a standard [[corporate image]] but also has important effects on the employees required to wear the uniform. The first [[service uniform]] registered with the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]] was the [[Playboy Bunny]] outfit (U.S. patent number 762,884). However the term 'uniform' is misleading because employees are not always fully uniform in appearance and may not always wear attire provided by the organization, while still representing the organization in their attire. Academic work on organizational dress by Rafaeli & Pratt (1993) referred to uniformity (homogeneity) of dress as one dimension, and conspicuousness as a second. Employees all wearing black, for example, may appear conspicuous and thus represent the organization even though their attire is uniform only in the color of their appearance not in its features. Pratt & Rafaeli, (1997)described struggles between employees and management about organizational dress as struggles about deeper meanings and identities that dress represents. And Prat & Rafaeli (2001) described dress as one of the larger set of [[symbols and artifacts in organizations]] which coalesce into a communication grammar. Rafaeli, A. & Pratt, M. J. 1993. Tailored meaning: On the meaning and impact of organizational dress. Academy of Management Review, 18(1): 32-55. Pratt, M. & Rafaeli, A. 1997. Organizational dress as a symbol of multilayered social identities. Academy of Management Journal, 40(4): 862-898. Pratt, M. G. & Rafaeli, A. 2001. Symbols as a language of organizational relationships. Research in Organizational Behavior, 23: 93-133. ==Schools== {{main|School uniform}} Across the world uniforms are worn in schools. School uniforms vary from a standard issue T-shirt to rigorous requirements for many items of formal wear at private schools. Countries with school uniforms mandated include [[Japan]], [[India]], [[Australia]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]], as well as many other places. In some countries uniform types vary a lot from school to school, but in the UK many pupils between 11 and 16 of age wear a formal jacket, [[necktie|tie]] and [[trousers]] for boys and [[blouse]], [[necktie|tie]] and [[trousers]] or [[skirt]] or [[culottes]] for girls. The ties will usually be in a set pattern for the school & jackets will usually carry a patch on the breast pocket with the school's [[coat of arms]] and [[motto]] or [[emblem]] and name. Jackets are being replaced in many schools by sweatshirts bearing the school badge. Children in many UK state primary schools will have a uniform jumper and or polo shirt with the school name and logo. ==Sports== Most, if not all, [[professional sports]] teams also wear uniforms, made in the team's distinctive colors, often in different variations for "home" and "away" games. In the [[United Kingdom]], especially in [[football (soccer)|soccer]], the terms "kit" or "strip" (as in '[[football kit]]') are more common. ==Security and armed forces== {{main|Military uniform}} In the case of uniforms worn by military personnel or civilian officials, there are generally several kinds of uniforms: * [[battledress]], khakis; * everyday work uniform, where earned [[medal]]s are typically replaced by [[ribbon bar]]s; * [[dress uniform]]: worn at ceremonies, official receptions, and other special occasions; medals are typically worn. ==Prison== {{main|Prison uniform}} ==Domestic workers== [[Domestic worker]]s are often required by their [[employer]]s to wear a uniform. == Uniform hygiene == In some countries or regions such as the [[UK]], [[Australia]] or [[HK]], the laundry expenses of working- uniform or [[clothing]] can be partially duducted or rebatable from the personal [[income tax]], if the organization for which the person works does not have a laundry department or an outsourced [[Industrial laundry|commercial laundry]] <ref name=se67240>{{cite web | last = HM Revenue & Customs | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = SE67240 - Tax treatment of nurses: expenses deductions - laundering uniforms - amount to be deducted | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/manuals/senew/SE67240.htm | format = | doi = | accessdate = 1 November | accessyear = 2007 }}</ref><sup>,</sup> <ref name=cdlc>{{cite web | last = Australian Taxation Office | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Claiming a deduction for laundry/dry cleaning of work clothing | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/content.asp?doc=/Content/33754.htm | format = | doi = | accessdate = 1 November | accessyear = 2007 }}</ref>. ==Scouting== {{portalpar|Scouting|Scout logo2.svg}} The Scout uniform is a specific characteristic of the [[Scouting]] movement, in the words of [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Baden-Powell]] at the 1938 World Jamboree, "it covers the differences of country and race and make all feel that they are members one with another of one World Brotherhood". The original uniform, which has created a familiar image in the public eye, consisted of a khaki button-up [[shirt]], shorts and a broad-brimmed [[campaign hat]]. Baden-Powell himself wore shorts as being dressed like the youth contributed to reducing distances between the adult and the young person. Nowadays, uniforms are frequently blue, orange, red or green, and shorts are replaced by long pants in areas where the culture calls for modesty, and in winter weather. == Notes == <references/> ==See also== *[[Political uniform]] *[[Dress code]] * [[Industrial laundry]] *[[Uniform and insignia of the Boy Scouts of America]] *[[Uniforms and equipment of the British police]] {{Clothing}} [[Category:Uniforms| ]] [[ar:زي موحد]] [[da:Uniform]] [[de:Uniform]] [[el:Στολή]] [[es:Uniforme]] [[eo:Uniformo]] [[fr:Uniforme]] [[id:Seragam]] [[it:Divisa]] [[he:מדים]] [[lt:Uniforma]] [[nl:Uniform]] [[ja:制服]] [[no:Uniform]] [[nn:Uniform]] [[pl:Uniform]] [[pt:Uniforme]] [[ru:Форма (одежда)]] [[simple:Uniform]] [[sl:Uniforma]] [[fi:Univormu]] [[sv:Uniform]] [[zh:制服]]