Union of South American Nations
1254412
224905425
2008-07-10T22:54:35Z
Limongi
2372578
[[WP:UNDO|Undid]] vandalism by [[Special:Contributions/147.72.92.130|147.72.92.130]] ([[User talk:147.72.92.130|talk]])
{{Infobox Geopolitical organization
|native_name =<div class="NavFrame" style="border-style:none;padding:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="font-size:1.1em; background:#f9f9f9;text-align:center;"></br>Union of South American Nations</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:0.8em; text-align:center; display:none; line-height: 0.8em;">
{{lang|pt|''União de Nações Sul-Americanas''}} {{pt icon}}<br />
{{lang|es|''Unión de Naciones Suramericanas''}} {{es icon}}<br />
{{lang|nl|''Unie van Zuid-Amerikaanse Naties''}} {{nl icon}}
</div></div>
|linking_name = the Union of South American Nations
|image_flag = Flag of South America.svg
|image_symbol = Emblem of the Union of South American Nations.svg
|motto =
|anthem =
|image_map = Location of the Union of South American Nations.svg
|map_caption =
|admin_center_type = Political centres
|admin_center = {{Flagicon|Ecuador}}[[Quito]]<ref name=ISN>[http://www.isn.ethz.ch/news/sw/details.cfm?ID=19022 Security Watch: South American unity] ''ISN'', accessed on [[May 30]] [[2008]].</ref></br>{{Flagicon|Bolivia}}[[Cochabamba]]<ref name=ISN/>
|largest_city = {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]]
|languages_type = [[Official language]]s
|languages = {{Collapsible list |title=[[Language|4]] |[[Dutch language|Dutch]] |[[English language|English]] |[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |[[Spanish language|Spanish]]}}
|demonym = South American
|membership_type = [[Union of South American Nations#Participating nations_states|Member states]]
|membership = {{Collapsible list |title=[[Union of South American Nations#Participating nations|12]] |{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentina]]|{{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]] |{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazil]] |{{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chile]] |{{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Colombia]] |{{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Ecuador]] |{{flagicon|Guyana}} [[Guyana]] |{{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Paraguay]] |{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] |{{flagicon|Suriname}} [[Suriname]] |{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Uruguay]] |{{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Venezuela]]}}
|ethnic_groups = {{Collapsible list |title=[[Ethnicity|7]] |[[White (race)|White]] (46%) |[[Mulatto]] (21%) |[[Mestizo]] (21%) |[[Amerindian]] (6%) |[[Black (race)|Black]] (4%) |[[Mixed race|Mixed]] (<1%) |Other (2%)}}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2007
|government_type = [[Continental union]]
|leader_title1 = [[President]] [[pro tempore]]
|leader_name1 = {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Michelle Bachelet]]
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|sovereignty_type = [[Union of South American Nations#Origins|Formation]]
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 = [[Cuzco Declaration]]
|established_date1 = [[8 December]] [[2004]]
|established_event2 = [[Constitutive Treaty]]
|established_date2 = [[23 May]] [[2008]]
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|area_km2 = 17,715,335
|area_sq_mi = 6,839,929
|percent_water = 27
|population_estimate = 382,433,000
|population_estimate_year = 2007
|population_census =
|population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 = 21.59
|population_density_sq_mi = 55.91
|population_density_rank = 195th<sup>2</sup>
|GDP_PPP = $3.9 trillion
|GDP_PPP_rank = 5th<sup>2</sup>
|GDP_PPP_year = 2007
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $10,378
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 68th<sup>2</sup>
|GDP_nominal = $2.3 trillion
|GDP_nominal_rank = 7th<sup>2</sup>
|GDP_nominal_year = 2007
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $6,005
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 68th<sup>2</sup>
|HDI =
|HDI_rank =
|HDI_year =
|HDI_category =
|currency = {{Collapsible list |title=[[Currency|12]] |[[Argentine peso]] |[[Bolivian boliviano]] |[[Brazilian real]] |[[Chilean peso]] |[[Colombian peso]] |[[Guyanese dollar]] |[[Paraguayan guaraní]] |[[Peruvian nuevo sol]] |[[Surinamese dollar]] |[[United States dollar]] |[[Uruguayan peso]] |[[Venezuelan bolívar]]}}
|currency_code =
|time_zone =
|utc_offset = [[UTC-2|-2]] to [[UTC-5|-5]]
|time_zone_DST =
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|cctld = {{Collapsible list |title=[[Country code top-level domain|12]] |[[.ar]] |[[.bo]] |[[.br]] |[[.cl]] |[[.co]] |[[.ec]] |[[.gy]] |[[.py]] |[[.pe]] |[[.sr]] |[[.uy]] |[[.ve]]}}
|calling_code =
}}
__FORCETOC__
{{redirect|USAN|the United States Adopted Names for pharmaceuticals|United States Adopted Name}}
The '''Union of South American Nations''' ({{lang-nl|Unie van Zuid-Amerikaanse Naties}}, {{lang-pt|União de Nações Sul-Americanas}}, {{lang-es|Unión de Naciones Suramericanas}}, and abbreviated as '''UNASUR''' and '''UNASUL''') is a [[Supranationalism|supranational]] and [[Intergovernmentalism|intergovernmental]] union that will unite two existing [[customs union]]s – [[Mercosur]] and the [[Andean Community]] – as part of a continuing process of [[South America]]n integration. It is modelled on the [[European Union]].
The UNASUR [[Constitutive Treaty]] was signed on [[May 23]] [[2008]], at the Third Summit of Heads of State, held in [[Brasília]], [[Brazil]]. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7417896.stm South America nations found union] ''[[BBC]]'', accessed on [[May 23]] [[2008]].</ref> According to the Constitutive Treaty, the Union's headquarters will be located in [[Quito]], [[Ecuador]]. The [[South American]] [[Parliament]] will be located in [[Cochabamba]], [[Bolivia]], while its bank, the [[Bank of the South]] ({{lang-nl|Bank van het Zuiden}}, [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Banco do Sul'', [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Banco del Sur''), will be located in [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]].<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=abWOMOeJUK7Y&refer=home South American Presidents Agree to Form UNASUR Bloc]</ref> The Union's former designation, the '''South American Community of Nations''' ({{lang-nl|Zuid-Amerikaanse Statengemeenschap}}, {{lang-pt|Comunidade Sul-Americana de Nações}}, and {{lang-es|Comunidad de Naciones Sudamericanas}}), abbreviated as '''CSN''', was dropped at the First [[South American Energy Summit]] on [[April 16]] [[2007]].<ref>[http://www.latercera.cl/medio/articulo/0,0,3255_5702_263339850,00.html "Chávez: Presidentes acordaron llamar UNASUR a integración política regional"] ''[[La Tercera]]'', accessed on [[April 16]] [[2007]].</ref>
== Overview ==
[[Image:Cuzco summit.jpg|left|thumb|South American leaders sign the "[[Cuzco Declaration]]".]]
At the [[South American Summit|Third South American Summit]] on [[8 December]] [[2004]], presidents or representatives from twelve [[South America]]n nations signed the ''[[Cuzco Declaration]]'', a two-page statement of intent announcing the foundation of the South American Community. [[Panama]] and [[Mexico]] attended the signing ceremony as observers.
The leaders announced their intention to model the new community after the [[European Union]] including a common currency, parliament, and passport. According to [[Allan Wagner Tizón]], former Secretary General of the Andean Community, a complete union like that of the EU should be possible by 2019.
The mechanics of the new entity came out of the First South American Community of Nations Heads of State Summit, which was held in [[Brasília]] on [[29 September]]–[[30 September]] [[2005]]. An important operating condition of UNASUR is that no new institutions will be created in the first phase, so as not to increase [[bureaucracy]], and the community will use the existing institutions belonging to the previous trade blocs.
== Origins ==
[[Simón Bolívar]], directly responsible for the independence of [[Ecuador]], [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], and parts of [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]] in the early years of the 19th century, and honoured with statues in the capital cities of practically every [[Latin American]] country, had the goal of creating a [[federation]] of nations to ensure prosperity and security after independence. Bolívar never achieved this goal, and died after several heavy-handed attempts to establish strong central governments in the nations he led to independence. Throughout the years, many in South America have called for social, political, and economic union. UNASUR is intended to be a concrete step towards the achievement of such union.
== Structure ==
[[Image:Unasul 26.jpg|right|thumb|[[Michelle Bachelet]], President [[pro tempore]].]]
[[Image:Unasul 12.jpg|right|thumb|Extraordinary Meeting of Heads of State and Government of the Union of South American Nations, held in [[Brasília]].]]
At the moment, the provisional structure of the UNASUR is as follows:
*The presidents of each member nation will have an annual meeting, which will be the superior political mandate. The first meeting was in [[Brasília]] (Brazil) on [[September 29]] and [[September 30]] [[2005]]. The second meeting was in [[Cochabamba]] (Bolivia) on [[December 8]] and [[December 9]] [[2006]]. The third meeting was held in [[Brasília]] on [[May 23]] [[2008]].
*The ministers of foreign affairs of each country will meet once every six months. They will formulate concrete proposals of action and of executive decision. The President of the Mercosur's permanent representatives committee and the director of the Mercosur's department, the Andean Community's general secretary, [[Latin American Integration Association|ALADI]]'s general secretary and the permanent secretaries of any institution for regional cooperation and integration, [[Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization]] among others, will also be present at these meetings.
*A Secretary General would be elected, to establish a permanent secretariat in Quito, Ecuador.
*Sectorial Ministers' meeting will be called upon by the presidents. The meetings will be developed according to Mercosur's and CAN's mechanisms.
* The temporary Presidency will be held for a year and will rotate among the member countries between each UNASUR meeting. According to Decisions Reached in the Political Dialogue<ref name="comunidadandina1">[http://www.comunidadandina.org/ingles/documentos/documents/unasur16-4-07.htm Documents - Decisions reached in the Political Dialogue among the Heads of State and of Government<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ({{lang-nl|Besluiten Bereikt in de Politieke Dialoog}}, {{lang-pt|Decisões Tomadas no Diálogo Político}}, {{lang-es|Decisiones Alcanzadas en el Diálogo Político}}), which was signed during the I South American Energy Summit, a general permanent office will be created and this will be hosted in [[Quito]], [[Ecuador]].
* On [[December 9]] [[2005]] a special [[commission]] was established in charge of advancing the process of South American Integration ({{lang-nl|Commissie ter Stimulering van het Proces van de Zuid-Amerikaanse Integratie}}, {{lang-pt|Comissão Estratégica de Reflexão sobre o Processo de Integração Sul-americana}}, {{lang-es|La Comisión Estratégica de Reflexión a cargo de formular propuestas con miras a impulsar el proceso de integración sudamericano en todos sus aspectos}}). It consists of 12 members, whose function is to elaborate proposals that will help the process of integration between the South American nations.
*Executive Commission, which was created by the II CSN meeting, was transformed in the Political Commission or Delegates Council, according to Decisions Reached in the Political Dialogue<ref name="comunidadandina1"/> ({{lang-nl|Besluiten Bereikt in de Politieke Dialoog}}, {{lang-pt|Decisões Tomadas no Diálogo Político}}, {{lang-es|Decisiones Alcanzadas en el Diálogo Político}}).
== Current work in progress ==
[[Image:CASA127981.jpeg|right|thumb|Presidents and other members of UNASUR at the First Brasília Summit on [[September 29]], [[2005]].]]
[[Image:Presidentes unasur (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Presidents of UNASUR member states at the Second Brasília Summit on [[May 23]], [[2008]].]]
At the present time the union exists only on paper. The signing of the treaty was delayed from March until late May due to a Colombian raid on a [[FARC]] camp in Ecuador, and disputes regarding the conflict and broader trade issues continue to pose an obstacle. Michael Shifter of the Washington D.C. [[Inter-American Dialogue]] called UNASUR a "pipe dream", while saying that "economic conditions in the region have never been riper for this sort of integration".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601086&sid=apEQVlHo1tV8&refer=latin_america|title=South American Presidents Meet on New Bloc as Mistrust Builds |author=Joshua Goodman|date=2008-05-23}}</ref>
=== Single market ===
*One of the initiatives of UNASUR is the creation of a [[single market]], beginning with the elimination of [[tariffs]] for ''[[non-sensitive products]]'' by 2014 and ''[[sensitive products]]'' by 2019.
=== Infrastructure cooperation ===
*There is an [[Initiative for Infrastructure Integration of South America]] (IIRSA) underway, which has received the support of the [[Inter-American Development Bank]] and the [[Andean Development Corporation]].
*UNASUR started plans of integration through infrastructure cooperation with the construction of the [[Interoceanic Highway]], a road that intends to more firmly link the Pacific Coast countries, especially [[Chile]] and [[Peru]] with [[Brazil]] and [[Argentina]] by extending highways through the continent, allowing better connections to ports to Bolivia and the inner parts of Argentina, Peru and Brazil. The first corridor, between Peru and Brazil, began construction in September 2005, financed 60% by Brazil and 40% by Peru, is expected to be ready by the end of 2009.
*The '''South American Energy Ring''' ({{lang-nl|Zuid-Amerikaanse energie-Ring}}, {{lang-pt|Anel Energético Sul-Americano}}, {{lang-es|Anillo Energético Sudamericano}}) is intended to interconnect Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay with natural gas from several sources, such as the [[Camisea Gas Project]] in Peru and [[Tarija Gas Deposits]] in Bolivia. Though this proposal has been signed and ratified, economic and political difficulties in Argentina and Bolivia have delayed this initiative, and to date, this agreement remains more like a protocol than an actual project, since Chile and Brazil are already building LNG terminals to import gas from overseas suppliers.
=== Free movement of people ===
*Visits by South American citizens to any South American country (except [[French Guiana]]) of up to 90 days require only the presentation of an [[identity card]] issued by the respective authority of the travellers' country of origin. On [[24 November]] [[2006]], Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela waived visa requirements for tourism travel between nationals of said countries.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/americas/11/24/chile.southamerica.ap/ CNN]</ref>
=== Economic development ===
Presidents of the seven founding countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Venezuela and Uruguay) officially launched the South American Bank in Buenos Aires in December 2007. The heads of all the founding countries were at the ceremony, with the exception of President Tabaré Vazquez of Uruguay. The capital will be US$7b, with Venezuela responsible for US$3b and Brazil US$2b. The headquarters will be located in Caracas with offices in Buenos Aires and La Paz.
The ''[[Bank of the South]]'' will finance economic development projects to improve local competitiveness and to promote the scientific and technological development of the member states. Chile and Colombia participated on initial meeting, but they decided not to join the project.
The founding chart affirms that the Bank will promote projects in "stable and equal" manner and priorities will be pointed to reinforce South American integration, to reduce asymmetries, and to promote egalitarian distribution of investments.
The Brazilian Minister, Guido Mantega, stated that the bank is not similar to the [[International Monetary Fund]]; it will be a credit institution similar to the [[World Bank]] or the [[Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement|BIRD]].
=== Defence policy ===
Venezuela and Brazil have put forward a plan for a South American Defence Council which would draft defence policy and serve as a mechanism for regional security. The proposal is currently under discussion by the member states. [[Colombia]] has not entered the defence agreement due to the ongoing [[2008 Andean diplomatic crisis]] with [[Ecuador]] and [[Venezuela]], over their alleged support for the armed group [[FARC]]. However it has accepted reviewing the proposal, and will make a decision in 90 days <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.caracol.com.co/nota.aspx?id=601569)&language=SP|title=Colombia decidirá en 90 días su ingreso al Consejo Suramericano de Defensa|publisher=[[Caracol]]|date=[[2008-05-23]]|accessdate=2008-5-24}}</ref><ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90852/6417480.html Colombia refuses to join regional defense council - People's Daily Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
== Participating nation states ==
{{main|Enlargement of the Union of South American Nations}}
[[Image:SACN member states.jpg|right|400px|SACN member states]]
*Members of the [[Andean Community|Andean Community of Nations (CAN)¹]]:
**{{BOL}}
**{{COL}}
**{{ECU}}
**{{PER}}
*Members of [[Mercosur]]²:
**{{ARG}}
**{{BRA}}
**{{PRY}}
**{{URY}}
**{{VEN}}
*Other countries:
**{{GUY}}³
**{{SUR}}³
**{{CHL}}¹ ²
¹ <small>This country is also considered to be an associate member of Mercosur</small><br />
² <small>These countries are also considered to be associate members of the Andean Community.</small><br>
³ <small>Guyana and Suriname are currently members of [[CARICOM]] and entered its [[CARICOM Single Market and Economy|single market]] in 2006. It is unknown if simultaneous UNASUR and CARICOM membership would be possible to accomplish and most probably these states will remain UNASUR associate members only.</small>
===Non-participating territories===
The following parts of South America are dependent territories and therefore do not participate:
*[[French Guiana]], which is an [[overseas department]] of [[France]] and is therefore part of the [[European Union]]
*The [[Falkland Islands]] and [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]], which are [[British overseas territory|overseas territories]] of the [[United Kingdom]], making them part of the European Union<ref>{{cite web| title = Falkland Islands government - organisation| url = http://www.falklands.gov.fk/organisation.php| accessdate = 2008-05-24}}</ref>, subject to claims of sovereignty by Argentina. (see [[Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands]].)
== Facts and figures ==
*Has a [[gross domestic product]] of about $2 trillion [[dollars]].<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=abWOMOeJUK7Y&refer=home South American Presidents Agree to Form Unasur Bloc] ''[[Bloomberg]]'', accessed on [[May 27]] [[2008]].</ref>
*It has a population of 380 million, or 6% of the world's people.<ref name="autoref1">[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574914/South_America.html South America: Introduction] ''[[Encarta|MSN Encarta]]'', accessed on [[May 27]] [[2008]].</ref>
*Covers an area of over 17 million square kilometres (nearly 7 million sq mi)<ref name="autoref1"/>, larger than the world's largest country, [[Russia]].
*The export earnings amount to 181,856,000 [[dollar]]s.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
*Possesses 27% of the world's freshwater sources.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
*Has eight million square kilometres of forested land and is surrounded by two oceans.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
*Is the world's foremost food producer and exporter.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
*Some 90 percent of its inhabitants share a single religion, [[Roman Catholicism]].<ref>[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574914_3/South_America.html South America: Religion] ''[[Encarta|MSN Encarta]]'', accessed on [[May 27]] [[2008]].</ref>
*The great majority of its inhabitants speak one of two related languages ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]).<ref>[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574914_3/South_America.html South America: Languages] ''[[Encarta|MSN Encarta]]'', accessed on [[May 27]] [[2008]].</ref>
== Comparison with other regional blocs ==
{{Most active regional blocs}}
== Quotations ==
{{Unreferencedsection|date=June 2008}}
{{Quote|We are here to make [[Simón Bolívar]]'s dream real. [...] Sooner, rather than later, we shall have a single currency, a single passport... Sooner, rather than later, we shall have a parliament with directly elected representatives for this new nation that we are creating today.|Former Peruvian President [[Alejandro Toledo]], [[8 December]] [[2004]].}}
{{Quote|Step by step CAN and Mercosur will converge becoming the South American Community, but gradually disappearing at the same time. But in spite of the haste there’s no rush, because we could end with an empty declaration. [...] My idea is that in a few months time CAN should be known as South American Community-CAN and Mercosur, South American Community MS, so we have time to get in touch with the new initials.|Former Argentine president [[Eduardo Duhalde]], president of the Mercosur Representatives Committee.}}
== Proposed name change ==
On [[28 December]] [[2005]], [[Chile]]an former foreign minister Ignacio Walker proposed that the name of the community be changed to ''South American Union'' ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Zuid-Amerikaanse Unie'', [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''União Sul-Americana'', [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Unión Sudamericana''); nevertheless, many members stated to him that that proposal had already been rejected to prevent confusion related to its acronym (U.S.A. in comparison to the United States of America).
The name was finally changed on [[April 16]] [[2007]] to "Union of South American Nations" ({{lang-nl|Unie van Zuid-Amerikaanse Naties}}, {{lang-pt|União de Nações Sul-Americanas}}, {{lang-es|Unión de Naciones Suramericanas}}), abbreviated "UNASUR" in Spanish and "UNASUL" in Portuguese. The new name was jointly agreed by all member states during the first day of meeting at the South American Energy Summit held at [[Isla Margarita]], [[Venezuela]].
== See also ==
*[[Latin American Parliament]]
*[[Continental union]]
*[[Free Trade Area of the Americas]]
*[[List of Trade blocs]]
*[[Rio Group]]
*[[Africa-South America Cooperative Forum]] [http://www.nationnews.com/358952884370124.php]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Union of South American Nations}}
*[http://www.comunidadandina.org/ingles/sudamerican.htm Andean Community: South American Community of Nations]
*[http://casa.mre.gov.br/ Brazil Ministry of Foreign Relations: South American Community of Nations]
*[http://www.tinku.org/content/blogsection/19/96/ Tinku: UNASUR/Mercosur]
*[http://www.iirsa.org/ Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America]
*[http://www.iadb.org/intal/ Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean]
*[http://www.aladi.org/ Latin-American Integration Association]
*[http://mitglied.lycos.de/mercosur/ Do the Mercosur Countries Form an Optimum Currency Area?]
*[http://www.bicusa.org/en/Institution.21.aspx Bank Information Center: Bank of the South]
*[http://www.southernaffairs.org Southern Affairs: Academic Research on South American Regional Integration]
===Articles, editorials, and reports===
*[http://www.falkland-malvinas.com/Detalle.asp?NUM=4589 MercoPress (2004-11-10): S. American Community Comes to Light December 9]
*[http://www.hacer.org/current/LATAM64.php Miami Herald (2004-11-25): South American Community May Not Be a Pipe Dream]
*[[n:South American Community of Nations announced at Third South American Summit|WikiNews (2004-12): South American Community of Nations announced at Third South American Summit]]
*[http://www.ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=26580 Inter Press Service (2004-12-07): Chile Seeks Integration through Energy and Roads]
*[http://www.ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=26583 Inter Press Service (2004-12-07): One Giant Step - and 32 Small Ones]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4082027.stm BBC News (2004-12-09): A Dream With Many Hurdles]
*[http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/12/27/edweiss_ed3_.php International Herald Tribune (2004-12-27): U.S. Neighbor Relations: Latin America Is No Joke]
*[http://www.guyanajournal.com/s_a_comm_nations.html Guyana Journal (2005-10): South American Community of Nations To Map out Economic Strategies]
*[http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/articles.php?artno=1834 VenezuelAnalysis (2006-09-27): The Push for South American Integration]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6182760.stm BBC News (2006-11-25): S American 12 Cut Travel Red Tape]
*[http://www.guyanajournal.com/SA_summit.html Guyana Journal (2006-12): South American Summit in Bolivia Sets Integration Challenges]
*[http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=35775 Inter Press Service (2006-12-08): The Big Challenges of Regional Integration]
*[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/12/10/america/LA_GEN_Bolivia_Summit.php AP (2006-12-09): South American Leaders Dream of Integration, Continental Parliament]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4079505.stm BBC News (2006-12-09): S America Launches Trading Bloc]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6166047.stm BBC News (2006-12-10): Lat-Am Leaders End Second Summit]
*[http://www.guyanajournal.com/south_american_union.html Guyana Journal (2007-01): High-level Commission to Map Ideas for South American Union]
*[http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=36058 Inter Press Service (2007-01-03): South American Integration - or Disintegration?]
*[http://www.miami.edu/eucenter/GuedesConference07EUMA_edi.pdf EUMA (2007-03): Origin and Evolution of the South American Community of Nations: From Trade to Security Concerns]
*[http://www.miami.edu/eucenter/Kanner_SoAmerIntegr_long07_edi.pdf EUMA (2007-04): Governance in South American Integration: Insights and Encouragement from the European Union]
*[http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2007/abril/mier18/16sur.html Granma International (2007-04-18): Union of South American Nations: Where Energy Resources Will Be the Basis of Development]
*[http://www.guyanajournal.com/SAleaders_energy.html Guyana Journal (2007-05): South American Leaders put Energy Integration on Front Burner]
*[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/05/22/america/LA-GEN-Brazil-Continental-Summit.php International Herald Tribune (2008-05-22): New South American Alliance to Boost Trade, Ease Political Tensions]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7417896.stm BBC News (2008-05-23): South America Nations Form Union]
*[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/05/24/news/Brazil-Continental-Summit.php International Herald Tribune (2008-05-24): South America Creates Regional Union, Parliament, Despite Divisions]
{{Member States of the Union of South American Nations}}
{{Supranationalism/World government topics|state=autocollapse}}
<!--Categories-->
[[Category:Union of South American Nations| ]]<!--Keep at start of list (eponymous category) -->
[[Category:International organizations]]
[[Category:Continental unions]]
[[Category:Supranational unions]]
[[Category:Trade blocs]]
[[Category:South America]]
[[Category:Federalism]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2008]]
<!--Other languages-->
[[ca:Comunitat Sud-Americana de Nacions]]
[[de:Union Südamerikanischer Nationen]]
[[es:Unión de Naciones Suramericanas]]
[[eo:Komunumo Sudamerika de Nacioj]]
[[eu:Hego Amerikako Nazioen Batasuna]]
[[fr:Union des Nations sud-américaines]]
[[ia:Communitate Sudamerican de Nationes]]
[[it:Comunità delle Nazioni del Sud America]]
[[ka:სამხრეთ ამერიკის ერთა კავშირი]]
[[lt:Pietų Amerikos Tautų Sąjunga]]
[[ms:Kesatuan Negara-Negara Amerika Selatan]]
[[nah:Tlacetilīztli Huitzixachitēcatl Tlācatiyān]]
[[nl:Unie van Zuid-Amerikaanse Naties]]
[[ja:南米共同体]]
[[no:De søramerikanske landenes union]]
[[pl:Unia Narodów Południowoamerykańskich]]
[[pt:União de Nações Sul-Americanas]]
[[ro:Uniunea Naţiunilor Sud-Americane]]
[[ru:Союз южноамериканских наций]]
[[sk:Únia Juhoamerických národov]]
[[sr:Унасур]]
[[sh:Unasur]]
[[sv:Sydamerikanska nationernas union]]
[[ta:தென் அமெரிக்க நாடுகள் ஒன்றியம்]]
[[tr:Güney Amerika Uluslar Topluluğu]]
[[zh:南美洲国家联盟]]