Uniramia 32126 224064177 2008-07-07T03:52:32Z Thijs!bot 1392310 robot Adding: [[it:Tracheata]] {{userboxtop| toptext=&nbsp;}} {{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75% |label1=Arthropoda |1={{clade |label1=Uniramia |1={{clade |1=[[Onychophora]] |2=[[Hexapoda]] |3=[[Myriapoda]] }} |2=[[Crustacea]] |3=[[Chelicerata]] }} }} <center><small>S. M. Manton's (1973) polyphyletic Arthropod hypothesis with Uniramia as one of three Phyla.<ref>Manton, S. M. 1973. Arthropod phylogeny-a modern synthesis. J. Zool. 171:111-130.</ref></small></center> {{userboxbottom}} '''Uniramia''' was one of three [[phyla]] in the classification suggested by [[Sidnie Manton]] of the [[Arthropoda]]. This classification suggested that the arthropods were a [[polyphyly|polyphyletic]] group with three phyla and phylum Uniramia included the [[Hexapoda]] (insects), [[Myriapoda]] (centipedes and millipedes) and the [[Onychophora]] (velvetworms). The discovery of [[fossil]] [[Lobopodia|lobopods]] that are intermediate between onychophorans and arthropods however led to the separation of the [[Lobopoda]] and Onychophora as a separate group. [[Image:Onycophora.jpg|thumb|left|Onychophora like this ''[[Peripatoides indigo]]'' were originally included in the Phylum Uniramia]] The name Uniramia thus became obsolete and was rejected as a polyphyletic group. The name Uniramia was later used for the Subphylum consisting of the insects + myriapods. The subphylum Uniramia was characterized by one pair of antennae and two pairs of mouthparts (single pairs of [[mandibles]] and [[maxillae]]). Their body forms and ecologies are diverse, though (in contrast to the crustaceans) most unirames are terrestrial. This group, however, is more unambiguosly named the [[Atelocerata]] (Heymons, 1901) and is the preferred name for the [[clade]] uniting the [[Hexapoda]] (insects) + [[Myriapoda]]. {{userboxtop| toptext=&nbsp;}} {{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75% |1={{clade |label1=[[Chelicerata]] |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Arachnida]] |2=[[Merostomata]] }} |2=[[Pycnogonida]] }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Trilobitomorpha]] |2={{clade |label1=Uniramia |1={{clade |label1=[[Myriapoda]] |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Symphyla]] |2=[[Chilopoda]] }} |2=[[Diplopoda]] }} |label2=[[Hexapoda]] |2={{clade |1=[[Entognatha]] |2=[[Ectognatha]] }} }} |2=[[Crustacea]] }} }} }} <center><small>Uniramia as a Subphylum<ref>Brusca, R.C. & G.J. Brusca. 1990. Invertebrates, Sinauer.</ref></small></center> {{userboxbottom}} The [[Crustacea]] were generally considered the closest relatives of the Uniramia, and sometimes these were united as [[Mandibulata]]. However, the competing hypothesis — that Crustacea and Hexapoda form a monophyletic group, the [[Pancrustacea]], to which the Myriapoda are the closest relatives — has support from molecular and fossil evidence. ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * [http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Uniramia.htm Paleos Metazoa: Arthropoda: Uniramia] * [http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/labs/inverts/arthropoda.html Bio 105-106 demo] ==External links== * [http://www.susqu.edu/students/m/mcbride/The%20Zebras%20mandible%203pub.htm ''A Cladistic Analysis of Arthropoda: Examining the Evolution of Biramous Appendages and Mandibles''], Katherine McBride, Lindsey Moll, Whitney Zurat, Susquehanna University * [http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Uniramia.htm ''Uniramia''] at palaeos [[Category:Arthropods]] [[da:Uniramia]] [[de:Tracheentiere]] [[es:Uniramia]] [[fr:Uniramia]] [[it:Tracheata]] [[no:Uniramia]] [[pl:Tchawkowce]] [[pt:Uniramia]] [[sv:Enkelbensleddjur]]