Uniramia
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2008-07-07T03:52:32Z
Thijs!bot
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robot Adding: [[it:Tracheata]]
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{{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|label1=Arthropoda
|1={{clade
|label1=Uniramia
|1={{clade
|1=[[Onychophora]]
|2=[[Hexapoda]]
|3=[[Myriapoda]]
}}
|2=[[Crustacea]]
|3=[[Chelicerata]]
}}
}}
<center><small>S. M. Manton's (1973) polyphyletic Arthropod hypothesis with Uniramia as one of three Phyla.<ref>Manton, S. M. 1973. Arthropod phylogeny-a modern synthesis. J. Zool. 171:111-130.</ref></small></center>
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'''Uniramia''' was one of three [[phyla]] in the classification suggested by [[Sidnie Manton]] of the [[Arthropoda]]. This classification suggested that the arthropods were a [[polyphyly|polyphyletic]] group with three phyla and phylum Uniramia included the [[Hexapoda]] (insects), [[Myriapoda]] (centipedes and millipedes) and the [[Onychophora]] (velvetworms). The discovery of [[fossil]] [[Lobopodia|lobopods]] that are intermediate between onychophorans and arthropods however led to the separation of the [[Lobopoda]] and Onychophora as a separate group.
[[Image:Onycophora.jpg|thumb|left|Onychophora like this ''[[Peripatoides indigo]]'' were originally included in the Phylum Uniramia]]
The name Uniramia thus became obsolete and was rejected as a polyphyletic group. The name Uniramia was later used for the Subphylum consisting of the insects + myriapods. The subphylum Uniramia was characterized by one pair of antennae and two pairs of mouthparts (single pairs of [[mandibles]] and [[maxillae]]). Their body forms and ecologies are diverse, though (in contrast to the crustaceans) most unirames are terrestrial. This group, however, is more unambiguosly named the [[Atelocerata]] (Heymons, 1901) and is the preferred name for the [[clade]] uniting the [[Hexapoda]] (insects) + [[Myriapoda]].
{{userboxtop| toptext= }}
{{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Chelicerata]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Arachnida]]
|2=[[Merostomata]]
}}
|2=[[Pycnogonida]]
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[[Trilobitomorpha]]
|2={{clade
|label1=Uniramia
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Myriapoda]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Symphyla]]
|2=[[Chilopoda]]
}}
|2=[[Diplopoda]]
}}
|label2=[[Hexapoda]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Entognatha]]
|2=[[Ectognatha]]
}}
}}
|2=[[Crustacea]]
}}
}}
}}
<center><small>Uniramia as a Subphylum<ref>Brusca, R.C. & G.J. Brusca. 1990. Invertebrates, Sinauer.</ref></small></center>
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The [[Crustacea]] were generally considered the closest relatives of the Uniramia, and sometimes these were united as [[Mandibulata]]. However, the competing hypothesis — that Crustacea and Hexapoda form a monophyletic group, the [[Pancrustacea]], to which the Myriapoda are the closest relatives — has support from molecular and fossil evidence.
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
* [http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Uniramia.htm Paleos Metazoa: Arthropoda: Uniramia]
* [http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/labs/inverts/arthropoda.html Bio 105-106 demo]
==External links==
* [http://www.susqu.edu/students/m/mcbride/The%20Zebras%20mandible%203pub.htm ''A Cladistic Analysis of Arthropoda: Examining the Evolution of Biramous Appendages and Mandibles''], Katherine McBride, Lindsey Moll, Whitney Zurat, Susquehanna University
* [http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Uniramia.htm ''Uniramia''] at palaeos
[[Category:Arthropods]]
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[[fr:Uniramia]]
[[it:Tracheata]]
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[[pl:Tchawkowce]]
[[pt:Uniramia]]
[[sv:Enkelbensleddjur]]