United States Department of Energy
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/* National laboratories */
{{Infobox Govt Agency
| agency_name = United States<br>Department of Energy
| type = Department
| nativename =
| nativename_a =
| nativename_r =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| seal = US-DeptOfEnergy-Seal.svg
| seal_width = 140px
| seal_caption = Seal of the Department of Energy
| formed = [[August 4]], [[1977]]
| date1 = [[October 1]], [[1977]]
| date1_name = Activated
| date2 =
| date2_name =
| preceding1 = [[Energy Research and Development Administration]]
| preceding2 = [[Federal Energy Administration]]
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction =
| headquarters =
| employees = 16,100 federal<br>100,000 contract (2004)
| budget = $23.4 billion (2006)
| chief1_name = [[Samuel W. Bodman]]
| chief1_position = [[United States Secretary of Energy|Secretary]]
| chief2_name = [[Clay Sell]]
| chief2_position = Deputy Secretary
| parent_agency =
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website = [http://www.energy.gov www.energy.gov]
| footnotes =
}}
The '''United States Department of Energy''' ('''DOE''') is a [[United States Cabinet|Cabinet]]-level department of the [[United States]] [[government of the United States|government]] responsible for [[Energy policy of the United States|energy policy]] and [[nuclear safety]]. Its responsibilities include the nation's [[nuclear weapon]]s program, [[nuclear reactor]] production for the [[United States Navy]], [[energy conservation]], energy-related research, [[radioactive waste]] disposal, and domestic [[energy production]]. DOE also sponsors more basic and applied scientific research than any other US federal agency; most of this is funded through its system of [[United States Department of Energy National Laboratories]].
The agency is administered by the [[United States Secretary of Energy]], and its headquarters are located in [[Washington, D.C. (southwest)|southwest]] [[Washington, D.C.]], on [[Independence Avenue]] in the Forrestal Building, named for [[James Forrestal]], as well as in [[Germantown, Maryland]].
==Operating units==
[[Image:US Dept of Energy Forrestal Building.jpg|thumb|right|231px|DOE headquarters]]
[[Image:USADeptEnergyPNNL200106.jpg|thumb|right|231px|United States Department of Energy logo as seen at the [[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]].]]
The [[Energy Information Administration]] (EIA) is an independent agency in the United States Department of Energy. It is the source for official energy statistics from the U.S. Government. EIA collects, analyzes, and publishes data as directed by law to ensure efficient markets, inform policy-making, and support public understanding of energy.
The [[National Nuclear Security Administration]] (NNSA) is part of the United States Department of Energy. It works to improve national security through the military application of nuclear energy. The NNSA also maintains and improves the safety, reliability, and performance of the United States nuclear weapons stockpile, including the ability to design, produce, and test, in order to meet national security requirements.
The Department's [[Office of Secure Transportation]] (OST) provides safe and secure transportation of nuclear weapons and components and special nuclear materials, and conducts other missions supporting the national security of the United States of America. Since 1974, OST has been assigned responsibility to develop, operate, and manage a system for the safe and secure transportation of all government-owned, DOE or NNSA controlled special nuclear materials in "strategic" or "significant" quantities. Shipments are transported in specially designed equipment and are escorted by armed Federal Agents (Nuclear Material Couriers).
The [[Federal Energy Regulatory Commission]] is an independent regulatory agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The Department also manages the [[Strategic Petroleum Reserve]].
The Office of Cyber Security maintains the [[Computer Incident Advisory Capability]] service (CIAC), which provides computer-security related bulletins going back to 1989. Also provides resources about protecting yourself from viruses, hoaxes and other malicious entities on the Internet.
=== National laboratories ===
[[United States Department of Energy National Laboratories|National laboratories]] [[fund]]ed by the Department include:
* [[Albany Research Center]]
* [[Ames Laboratory]]
* [[Argonne National Laboratory]]
* [[Bannister Federal Complex]]
* [[Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory]]
* [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]]
* [[Center for Functional Nanomaterials]] (under design or construction)
* [[Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies]] (under design or construction)
* [[Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences]]
* [[Center for Nanoscale Materials]] (under design or construction)
* [[Environmental Measurements Laboratory]] (now affiliated with the [[Department of Homeland Security]])
* [[Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory]]
* [[Idaho National Engineering Laboratory]]
* [[Idaho National Laboratory]])
* [[Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory]] - operates for Naval Reactors Program Research under the DOE
* [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]]
* [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]
* [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]
* [[Molecular Foundry]] (under design or construction)
* [[National Energy Technology Laboratory]]
* [[National Petroleum Technology Office]]
* [[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]]
* [[New Brunswick Laboratory]]
* [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]]
* [[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]]
* [[Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory]]
* [[Radiological & Environmental Sciences Laboratory]]
* [[Sandia National Laboratories]]
* [[Savannah River Site]]
* [[Stanford Linear Accelerator Center]]
* [[Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility]]
* [[Yucca Mountain]]
==Responsibility for nuclear weapons==
In the United States, all [[nuclear weapons]] deployed by the [[United States Department of Defense]] (DOD) are actually on loan to DOD from the DOE, which has federal responsibility for the design, testing and production of all nuclear weapons. DOE in turn uses contractors to carry out its responsibilities at the following sites:
* Design of the nuclear components of the weapon: [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] and [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]
* Engineering of the weapon systems: [[Sandia National Laboratory]]
* Manufacturing of key components: [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]
* Testing: [[Nevada Test Site]]
* Final weapon/warhead assembling/dismantling: [[Pantex]]
==History==
Many federal agencies have been established to handle various aspects of U.S. energy policy, dating back to the creation of the [[Manhattan Project]] and the subsequent [[Atomic Energy Commission|Atomic Energy Commission]]. The impetus for putting them all under the auspices of a single department was the [[1973 energy crisis]], in response to which President [[Jimmy Carter]] proposed creation of the department. The enabling legislation was passed by the [[United States Congress]] and signed into law by President Carter on [[August 4]], [[1977]]. The department began operations on [[October 1]], [[1977]].
==Related legislation==
[[Image:DOE org crart.PNG|thumb|300px|Hierarchy of the U.S. Department of Energy]]
* [[1946]] - [[Atomic Energy Act]] PL 79-585 (created the [[United States Atomic Energy Commission|Atomic Energy Commission]])
* [[1954]] - [[Atomic Energy Act Amendments]] PL 83-703
* [[1956]] - [[Colorado River Storage Project]] PL 84-485
* [[1957]] - [[Atomic Energy Commission Acquisition of Property]] PL 85-162
* [[1957]] - [[Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act]] PL 85-256
* [[1968]] - [[Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act]] PL 90-481
* [[1973]] - [[Mineral Leasing Act Amendments]] ([[Alaska pipeline|Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline Authorization]]) PL 93-153
* [[1974]] - [[Energy Reorganization Act]] PL 93-438 (Split the AEC into the [[Energy Research and Development Administration]] and the [[Nuclear Regulatory Commission]])
* [[1975]] - [[Energy Policy and Conservation Act]] PL 94-163
* [[1977]] - [[Department of Energy Organization Act]] PL 95-91 (Dismantled ERDA and replaced it with the Department of Energy)
* [[1978]] - [[National Energy Act]] PL 95-617, 618, 619, 620, 621
* [[1980]] - [[Energy Security Act]] PL 96-294
* [[1989]] - [[Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act]] PL 101-60
* [[1992]] - [[Energy Policy Act of 1992]] PL 102-486
* [[2005]] - [[Energy Policy Act of 2005]] PL 109-58
* [[2007]] - [[Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007]] PL 110-140
== Staff ==
* Andy Karsner is the Assistant Secretary of the United States Department of Energy
==See also==
* [[Advanced Energy Initiative]]
* [[Energy Policy Act of 2005]]
* [[North American Solar Challenge]]
* [[Nuclear Regulatory Commission]]
* [[Twenty In Ten]]
==External links==
{{commonscat|United States Department of Energy}}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.energy.gov/ | title = United States Department of Energy Official Website | accessmonthday = August 7 | accessyear = 2006}}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.eia.doe.gov/ | title = Energy Information Administration | publisher = Department of Energy | accessmonthday = August 7 | accessyear = 2006}}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.er.doe.gov/sub/about/About-overview.htm | title = Office of Science | publisher = Department of Energy | accessmonthday = August 7 | accessyear = 2006}}
* {{gutenberg author| id=U.S.+Department+of+Energy | name=the United States Department of Energy}}
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/stateoftheunion/2006/energy/index.html Advanced Energy Initiative]
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/stateoftheunion/2007/initiatives/energy.html Twenty In Ten].
{{U.S. National Labs}}
{{cabinet}}
[[Category:Nuclear weapons infrastructure of the United States|Department of Energy]]
[[Category:United States Department of Energy|*]]
[[ar:وزارة الطاقة (الولايات المتحدة)]]
[[bg:Министерство на енергетиката на САЩ]]
[[de:Energieministerium der Vereinigten Staaten]]
[[et:Ameerika Ühendriikide Energeetikaministeerium]]
[[fa:وزارت نیرو ایالات متحده آمریکا]]
[[fr:Département de l'Énergie des États-Unis]]
[[it:United States Department of Energy]]
[[he:מחלקת האנרגיה של ארצות הברית]]
[[ja:アメリカ合衆国エネルギー省]]
[[pt:Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos da América]]
[[ru:Министерство энергетики США]]
[[zh:美國能源部]]