United States Department of the Treasury
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{{Infobox Govt Agency
| agency_name = The Department of the Treasury
| seal = US-DeptOfTheTreasury-Seal.svg
| seal_width = 140 px
| seal_caption = [[Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Seal]]
| formed = [[September 2]], [[1789]]
| preceding1 = Board of Treasury
| jurisdiction = [[Federal government of the United States]]
| headquarters = 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW<br/>[[Washington, D.C.]]
| employees = 115,897 (2007)
| budget = $11.10 billion (2007)
| chief1_name = [[Henry M. Paulson, Jr.]]
| chief1_position = [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary]]
| chief2_name = [[Robert Kimmitt]]
| chief2_position = Deputy Secretary
| chief3_name = [[Anna Escobedo Cabral]]
| chief3_position = [[Treasurer of the United States|Treasurer]]
| child1_agency = [[Internal Revenue Service]]
| child2_agency = [[United States Mint]]
| child3_agency = [[Bureau of Engraving and Printing]]
| child4_agency = [[Template:US Treasury agencies|Several others]]
| website = [http://www.ustreas.gov/ www.ustreas.gov]
}}
{{Infobox nrhp
| name = U.S. Department of the Treasury (building)
| nrhp_type = nhl
| image = Ustreasur.JPG
| caption = The U.S. Treasury building designed by [[Ammi B. Young|Ammi Burnham Young]]
| location = 1500 Pennsylvania Ave., NW<br>[[Washington, D.C.]]
| nearest_city =
| lat_degrees =
| lat_minutes =
| lat_seconds =
| lat_direction =
| long_degrees =
| long_minutes =
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| area =
| built = 1836–1842 (East Wing and Central); 1855–1861 (South Wing); 1862–1864 (West Wing); 1867–1869 (North Wing)<ref name="nrhpinv2"/>
| architect =
| architecture = [[Robert Mills (architect)|Robert Mills]] (East Wing and Central); [[Ammi B. Young]] and [[Alexander H. Bowman]] (South Wing); [[Isaiah Rogers]] (West Wing); [[Alfred B. Mullett]] (North Wing)<ref name="nrhpinv2"/>
|designated=[[November 11]], [[1971]]<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1172&ResourceType=Building
|title=United States Department of the Treasury |accessdate=2008-05-11|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
| added = [[November 11]], [[1971]]
It was declared a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1971.<ref name="nhlsum"/><ref name="nrhpinv2">{{citation|title={{PDFlink|[http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/71001007.pdf National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: United States Department of the Treasury]|32 KB}}|date=February 3, 1971 |author=W. Brown Morton III |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{PDFlink|[http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/71001007.pdf ''Accompanying five photos, exterior, undated'']|32 KB}}</ref>
| visitation_num =
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| refnum = 71001007
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}}
The '''United States Department of the Treasury''' is a [[United States Cabinet|Cabinet]] department and the [[treasury]] of the [[United States]] [[Federal government of the United States|government]]. It was established by an [[Act of Congress]] in [[1789]] to manage government [[revenue]]. The first [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury]] was [[Alexander Hamilton]], [[President of the United States|President]] [[George Washington]] asking Hamilton to serve after first having asked [[Robert Morris (merchant)|Robert Morris]] (who declined, recommending Hamilton instead). Hamilton almost single-handedly worked out the nation's early financial system, and for several years was a major presence in Washington's administration as well. His statue still stands outside the Treasury building.
The Department is administered by the [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]] and the [[Treasurer of the United States]], who receives and keeps the money of the United States. The Department prints and [[mint (coinage)|mints]] all [[paper currency]] and [[United States coinage|coins]] in circulation through the [[Bureau of Engraving and Printing]] and the [[United States Mint]]. It also collects all [[taxation in the United States|federal taxes]] through the [[Internal Revenue Service]].
==Duties==
#Recommends and implements the economic, fiscal, and currency policies of the President.
#Regulates exports and imports.
#Designs, prints, and mints, all authorized mediums of exchange used by the US Government, including Currency, Coins, Stamps, and Bonds.
#Regulates all financial institutions chartered by the United States.
#Collects all United States Revenue.
#Enforces all US Laws of a financial nature.
== History ==
[[Image:U.S. Treasury building (1804) (Harper's engraving).png|thumb|left|The U.S. Treasury building in 1804. This building was burned by the British on [[August 25]], [[1814]].]]
The Office of the Treasurer is the only office in the Treasury Department that is older than the Department itself, as it was originally created by the [[Continental Congress]] in [[1775]].<ref>US Treasury website [http://www.treas.gov/offices/treasurer/office-history.shtml History of the Treasurer's Office]</ref> [[Michael Hillegas]] served as the first Treasurer of the United States<ref>US Treasury website: [http://www.treas.gov/education/history/treasurers/ Treasurers of the United States].</ref> and throughout the [[American Revolution]] until Congress created of The Department of the Treasury on [[September 2]], [[1789]]:
:''And be it...enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to digest and prepare plans for the improvement and management of the revenue, and for the support of public credit; to prepare and report estimates of the public revenue, and the public expenditures; to superintend the collection of revenue; to decide on the forms of keeping and stating accounts and making returns, and to grant under the limitations herein established, or to be hereafter provided, all warrants for monies to be issued from the Treasury, in pursuance of appropriations by law; to execute such services relative to the sale of the lands belonging to the United States, as may be by law required of him; to make report, and give information to either branch of the legislature, in person or in writing (as he may be required), respecting all matters referred to him by the Senate or House of Representatives, or which shall appertain to his office; and generally to perform all such services relative to the finances, as he shall be directed to perform.'' <ref>[http://www.ustreas.gov/education/fact-sheets/history/act-congress.html U.S. Treasury - Fact Sheet on the Act of Congress Establishing the Treasury Department<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
[[Alexander Hamilton]] was sworn in as the first Secretary of the Treasury on [[September 11]], [[1789]]. His portrait is on the [[obverse]] of the [[U.S. ten dollar bill]] and the Treasury Department building is shown on the [[Obverse and reverse|reverse]].
The current law, {{usc|31|301}}, reads as follows (in part):
{{cquote|(a) The Department of the Treasury is an executive department of the United States Government at the seat of the Government.
(b) The head of the Department is the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
}}
==Responsibilities==
The basic functions of the Department of the Treasury include:
* Managing Federal finances;
* Collecting [[tax, tariff and trade|taxes, duties]] and monies paid to and due to the U.S. and paying all bills of the U.S.;
* Producing all [[postage stamp]]s, [[currency]] and coinage;
* Managing Government accounts and the [[U.S. public debt]];
* Supervising national [[bank]]s and [[thrift institution]]s;
* Advising on domestic and international financial, [[monetary policy|monetary]], [[economic policy|economic]], [[industrial policy|trade and tax policy]] - [[fiscal policy]] being the sum of these, and the ultimate responsibility of Congress.
* Enforcing Federal finance and tax laws;
* Investigating and prosecuting [[tax evasion|tax evader]]s, [[counterfeiting|counterfeiter]]s, [[forgery|forger]]s, [[smuggling|smuggler]]s, [[moonshining|illicit spirits distiller]]s, and [[gun law]] violators.
With respect to the estimation of revenues for the [[Executive (government)|executive branch]], Treasury serves a purpose parallel to that of the [[United States Office of Management and Budget|Office of Management and Budget]] for the estimation of spending for the executive branch, the [[U.S. Congress Joint Committee on Taxation|Joint Committee on Taxation]] for the estimation of revenues for Congress, and the [[Congressional Budget Office]] for the estimation of spending for Congress.
The term [[Treasury reform]] usually refers narrowly to reform of [[monetary policy]] and related economic policy and [[accounting reform]]. The broader term [[monetary reform]] usually refers to reform of policy of institutions such as the [[International Monetary Fund]].
==Organization==
[[Image:treasury department official.jpg|thumb|Treasury Department official, surrounded by packages of newly minted currency, counting and wrapping dollar bills. Washington, D.C., 1907.]]
[[United States Secretary of the Treasury]]
*[[United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury]]
**[[Treasurer of the United States]]
***[[United States Mint]]
***[[Bureau of Engraving and Printing]]
**[[Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance|Under Secretary for Domestic Finance]]
***Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions
***Assistant Secretary for Financial Markets
***Assistant Secretary for of Fiscal Service
****[[Financial Management Service]]
****[[Bureau of Public Debt]]
**[[Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs|Under Secretary for International Affairs]]
***Assistant Secretary for International Affairs
**[[Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence|Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence]]
***Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing
***[[Office of Intelligence and Analysis|Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis]]
***[[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network]]
**Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy
**Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs
**Assistant Secretary for Management/Chief Financial Officer
**Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs/Director of Policy Planning
**Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy
***[[Internal Revenue Service]]
***[[Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau]]
**[[Inspector General for Tax Administration]] (TIGTA) [http://www.treas.gov/tigta/]
**General Counsel
**[[Office of the Comptroller of the Currency]]
**[[Office of Thrift Supervision]]
[[Image:US-Treasury-Large.png|thumb|The U.S. Treasury, Washington D.C.]]
[[Image:UnitedStates TreasuryBuilding Washington.jpg|thumb|Treasury building]]
Effective [[January 24]], [[2003]] the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms]] was no longer a Bureau of the Department of the Treasury. The [[Law enforcement agency|law enforcement]] functions of ATF have been transferred to the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]]. The tax and trade functions of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms remained with Treasury at the new Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.
On [[March 1]], [[2003]] the [[Federal Law Enforcement Training Center]], the [[United States Customs Service]], and the [[United States Secret Service]] moved to the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]].
four basic functions performed are: Formulating and recommending economic, financial, tax, and fiscal policies.
Under the Secretary's direct supervision are the departmental offices, which are responsible for management and policy formulation.
* Domestic Finance
* Economic Policy
* General Counsel
* Information and Technology Management
* International Affairs
* Management
* Public Affairs
* Tax Policy
* Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI)
* Treasurer of the United States
The [[Office of the General Counsel for the Department of the Treasury|Office of the General Counsel]] is charged with supervising all legal proceedings involving the collection of debts due the United States, establishing regulations to guide customs collectors, issuing [[distress warrant]]s against delinquent revenue collectors or receivers of public money, examining Treasury officers' official bonds and related legal documents, serving as legal adviser to the department and administered lands acquired by the United States in payment for debts. This office was preceded by the offices of the [[Comptroller of the Treasury]] (1789–1817), [[First Comptroller of the Treasury]] (1817-20), [[Agent of the Treasury]] (1820-30) and [[Solicitor of the Treasury]] 1830–1934.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.treas.gov/ United States Department of the Treasury website]
* [http://thefederalregister.com/b.p/department/DEPARTMENT_OF_THE_TREASURY/ Department Of The Treasury Meeting Notices and Rule Changes] from The Federal Register [http://thefederalregister.com/rss/department/DEPARTMENT_OF_THE_TREASURY/ RSS Feed]
"Enough Wise Men, The Story of Our Constitution" by Forrest McDonaldPublished by the Dominion of Canada and by Longmans Canada Limited, Toronto 1970
{{cabinet}}
{{US Treasury agencies}}
[[Category:United States Department of the Treasury| ]]
[[Category:1789 establishments]]
[[Category:Finance ministries|United States]]
[[bg:Министерство на финансите на САЩ]]
[[de:Finanzministerium der Vereinigten Staaten]]
[[et:Ameerika Ühendriikide Rahandusministeerium]]
[[es:Departamento del Tesoro de los Estados Unidos]]
[[eu:Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Ogasun Saila]]
[[fa:وزارت خزانه داری ایالات متحده آمریکا]]
[[fr:Département du Trésor des États-Unis]]
[[he:מחלקת האוצר של ארצות הברית]]
[[nl:United States Department of the Treasury]]
[[ja:アメリカ合衆国財務省]]
[[no:Finansdepartementet (USA)]]
[[pl:Departament Skarbu Stanów Zjednoczonych]]
[[ru:Министерство финансов США]]
[[simple:United States Department of the Treasury]]
[[sh:Ministarstvo financija SAD]]
[[zh:美国财政部]]