United States Minor Outlying Islands
32176
225645203
2008-07-14T18:34:09Z
RGTraynor
270405
Replacing per MOS, Replaced: January of → January using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]]
[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|250px|The [[flag of the United States]] is used for all of the United States Minor Outlying Islands]]
[[Image:United States Minor Outlying Islands.png|thumb|250px|Map showing the location of the islands in the Pacific Ocean (highlighted with red boxes)]]
The '''United States Minor Outlying Islands''', a statistical designation defined by [[ISO 3166-1]], consists of nine insular [[United States]] possessions. [[Palmyra Atoll]] is the only [[incorporated territory]] of the United States. Currently, none of the islands have any permanent residents. Most recently, the [[census]] of population of 1980 gives population figures for three of the islands: [[Johnston Atoll]] (327), [[Midway Atoll]] (453), and [[Wake Island]] (302). The following censuses of 1990 and 2000 only note that there was no [[indigenous peoples|indigenous]] population, which was also true for all previous censuses except that of [[United States Census, 1940|1940]]. The [[Howland Island#History|Baker, Howland and Jarvis Colonization Scheme]] attempted to settle Americans on those three islands beginning in [[1935]], but all three islands were evacuated in [[1942]] as a result of [[World War II]].
The islands are grouped together entirely as a statistical convenience. They are not administered collectively, nor do they share a single cultural or political history beyond being currently uninhabited islands under the sovereignty of the United States.
They are collectively represented by the [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] code UM. The individual islands have [[ISO 3166-2]] numerical codes, see [[ISO 3166-2:UM]].
The [[Internet]] [[country code]] [[top-level domain]] ([[ccTLD]]) "[[.um]]" has historically been assigned to the islands; however, the .um ccTLD was retired in January 2007. <ref>{{cite news | first = Anick | last = Jesdanun
| title = Unused Domain Name for U.S. Isles Gone
| url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16788293/
| publisher = msnbc
| date = [[24 January]], [[2007]] | accessdate = 2007-09-28
}}</ref>
The term "United States Minor Outlying Islands" was introduced in 1986. From 1974 until 1986, five of the islands (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef) were grouped under the term [[US Miscellaneous Pacific Islands]], with [[ISO 3166]] code PU (the code of Midway Atoll was MI, and the code of Johnston Atoll JT).
==Airports==
[[ICAO]] ([[IATA]]) codes:
* PJON (JON) – [[Johnston Atoll Airport]] - [[Johnston Atoll]]
* PMDY (MDY) – [[Henderson Field (Midway Atoll)|Henderson Field]] (Naval Air Facility) – [[Sand Island]]
* PWAK (AWK) – [[Wake Island Airfield]] - [[Wake Island]]
* PLPA – [[Palmyra (Cooper) Airport]] – [[Palmyra Atoll]] - Cooper Island
* PBAR – Baker Island Airport - [[Baker Island]]
* PLUR – Jarvis Airport – [[Jarvis Island]]
* Kamakaiwi Field - [[Howland Island]] (1937 to about 1945)<ref>[http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/earhart&CISOBOX1=Richard Purdue University E-Archives : Search Results<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*[[Kingman Reef]]: lagoon was used as a halfway station between Hawaii and American Samoa by Pan American Airways for flying boats in 1937 and 1938 [http://www.faqs.org/docs/factbook/print/kq.html]
==Ports==
Three of the islands are listed with ports in the [[World Port Index]][http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritime/?epi_menuItemID=dab63a42518d786b6058eef03227a759&epi_menuID=35ad5b8aabcefa1a0fc133443927a759&epi_baseMenuID=e106a3b5e50edce1fec24fd73927a759], with World Port Number:
*56325 JOHNSTON ATOLL - Johnston Atoll
*56328 MIDWAY ISLAND - Midway Atoll
*56330 WAKE ISLAND - Wake Island
*not listed WEST LAGOON - Palmyra Atoll
Baker Island, Howland Island and Jarvis Island have a small boat landing place only each. Kingman Reef and Navassa Island have offshore anchorage only.
==Islands Table==
<br clear=all>
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background: #DDD"| [[Atoll]]/[[Island]] !!style="background: #DDD"| Island Area</br>km² !!style="background: #DDD"| [[Lagoon]]</br>km² !!style="background: #DDD"| Coordinates !!style="background: #DDD"| [[National Wildlife Refuge|NWR]]</br>established
!!style="background: #DDD"| date of</br>acquisition
|-
| style="background: #EEE" colspan="9" align="center"|
'''Northern [[Pacific Ocean]], scattered isolated islands'''
|- style="background: #FFF"
| [[Wake Island]]<sup>1</sup> ||align="right"| 7.4 ||align="right"| 6 || {{coor dm|19|18|N|166|38|E|type:isle_region:UM}}|| N/A ||1899-01-17
|- style="background: #FFF"
| [[Johnston Atoll]]<sup>2</sup> ||align="right"| 2.52 ||align="right"| 130 || {{coor dm|16|45|N|169|31|W|type:isle_region:UM}} || N/A ||1859-09-06
|-
| style="background: #EEE" colspan="9" align="center"|
'''Northern Pacific Ocean, [[Northwestern Hawaiian Islands]]'''
|- style="background: #FFF"
| [[Midway Atoll]] ||align="right"| 5.18 ||align="right"| 40 || {{coor dm|28|13|N|177|22|W|type:isle_region:UM}} ||1998||1867-08-28
|-
| style="background: #EEE" colspan="6" align="center"|
'''Central Pacific Ocean, Northern [[Line Islands]]'''
|- style="background: #FFF"
| [[Kingman Reef]] ||align="right"| 0.01 ||align="right"| 76 || {{coor dm|6|24|N|162|24|W|type:isle_region:UM}} ||2001-01-18||1860-02-08
|- style="background: #FFF"
| [[Palmyra Atoll]]<sup>2</sup> ||align="right"| 6.56 ||align="right"| 15 || {{coor dm|5|53|N|162|05|W|type:isle_region:UM}} ||2001-01-18||1912-02-21
|-
| style="background: #EEE" colspan="9" align="center"|
'''Central Pacific Ocean, Central [[Line Islands]]'''
|- style="background: #FFF"
| [[Jarvis Island]] ||align="right"| 4.45 ||align="right"| - || {{coor dm|0|22|S|160|01|W|type:isle_region:UM}} ||1974||1856-10-28
|-
| style="background: #EEE" colspan="9" align="center"|
'''Central Pacific Ocean, Northern [[Phoenix Islands]]'''
|- style="background: #FFF"
| [[Baker Island]] ||align="right"| 1.24 ||align="right"| - || {{coor dm|0|12|N|176|29|W|type:isle_region:UM}} ||1974||1856-10-28
|- style="background: #FFF"
| [[Howland Island]] ||align="right"| 1.62 ||align="right"| - || {{coor dm|0|48|N|176|37|W|type:isle_region:UM}} ||1974||1856-10-28
|-
| style="background: #EEE" colspan="9" align="center"|
'''[[Caribbean Sea]]'''
|- style="background: #FFF"
| [[Navassa Island]]<sup>3</sup> ||align="right"| 5.2 ||align="right"| - || {{coor dm|18|24|N|75|01|W|type:isle_region:UM}}||1999-09-30||1858-10-31
|- style="background: #FFF"
| [[Bajo Nuevo Bank]]<sup>4</sup> ||align="right"| 0.02 ||align="right"| 155 || {{coor dm|15|53|N|78|38|W|type:isle}}||N/A||1869-11-22
|- style="background: #FFF"
| [[Serranilla Bank]]<sup>4</sup> ||align="right"| 0.02 ||align="right"| 1200 || {{coor dm|15|50|N|79|50|W|type:isle}}||N/A||1879-09-08</br>1880-09-13
|- style="background: #DDD"
| '''U.S. Minor Outlying Islands ||align="right"| 34.2 ||align="right"| 267 || || ||
|-
| style="background: #fffff" colspan="9" align="left"|<sup>1</sup>claimed by the [[Marshall Islands]]
|-
| style="background: #fffff" colspan="9" align="left"|<sup>2</sup>previously claimed by [[Hawaii]] when independent. Palmyra was officially part of Hawaii until 1959.
|-
| style="background: #fffff" colspan="9" align="left"|<sup>3</sup>claimed by [[Haiti]]
|-
| style="background: #fffff" colspan="9" align="left"|<sup>4</sup>These islands are disputed with [[Colombia]], [[Jamaica]], and possibly [[Honduras]].</br> Their areas are not included in the totals.</br> Only one U.S. Government online resource [http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=171:2:17060252162063627411::NO::P3_FID::YES] list these islands in the context of the United States Minor Outlying Islands, all others do not.
|}
==See also==
*[[ISO 3166-2:UM]]
*[[List of airports by ICAO code: P]]
*[[List of airports in United States minor islands]]
*[[United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges]]
*[[United States Miscellaneous Caribbean Islands]]
*[[United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/US_minor.html WorldStatesmen- U.S.]
*[http://www.fws.gov/coralreef/proceedings/Day%202%20PDF/9-Jim%20Maragos.pdf Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges]
*[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/um.html CIA World Factbook: United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges]
*[http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Oceania/usaexttp.htm Historical Population figures]
*[http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/acquisition_process.htm dates of acquisition]
{{USPoliticalDivisions}}
[[Category:Insular areas of the United States]]
[[Category:Colonialism]]
[[az:ABŞ-a bağlı kiçik adacıqlar]]
[[be-x-old:Зьнешнія малыя астравы (ЗША)]]
[[bg:Малки далечни острови на САЩ]]
[[ca:Illes Perifèriques Menors dels EUA]]
[[cs:Menší odlehlé ostrovy USA]]
[[de:United States Minor Outlying Islands]]
[[et:Ühendriikide hajasaared]]
[[el:Μικρά Εξωτερικά Νησιά των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών]]
[[es:Islas Ultramarinas de Estados Unidos]]
[[eo:Usonaj Malgrandaj Insuloj]]
[[fa:جزایر کوچک حاشیهای ایالات متحده]]
[[fr:Îles mineures éloignées des États-Unis]]
[[ko:미국령 군소 제도]]
[[ia:Insulas minor peripheric del Statos Unite]]
[[is:Smáeyjar Bandaríkjanna]]
[[it:Isole minori esterne degli Stati Uniti]]
[[lv:ASV Mazās Aizjūras Salas]]
[[hu:Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok lakatlan külbirtokai]]
[[nl:Kleine afgelegen eilanden van de Verenigde Staten]]
[[ja:合衆国領有小離島]]
[[no:USAs ytre småøyer]]
[[pl:Dalekie Wyspy Mniejsze Stanów Zjednoczonych]]
[[pt:Ilhas Menores Distantes dos Estados Unidos]]
[[ru:Внешние малые острова (США)]]
[[sv:Förenta staternas avlägset belägna öar]]
[[vi:Các tiểu đảo xa của Hoa Kỳ]]
[[zh:美国本土外小岛屿]]