University of Bristol 60991 224848133 2008-07-10T18:09:15Z Lamppost51 7301222 {{Infobox University |name = University of Bristol |latin_name = Bristolliensis (Bris.) |image_name = uobArms.gif |image_size = 120px |motto = Vim promovet insitam |mottoeng = "[Learning] promotes one's innate power" – from [[Horace]], ''Ode 4.4''<ref name="arms">{{cite web| title = The University Arms | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-03 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/visualidentity/arms.html}}</ref> |established = 1909 (predecessor in 1876)<ref name="NNDB">{{cite web |url=http://www.nndb.com/edu/684/000068480/|title=NNDB |work= Bristol University, Educational Institution|accessdate=2007-05-13}}</ref> |type = [[public university|Public]] |staff = 5,119 (2006)<ref name="UoBFigures">{{cite web |url=http://www.bris.ac.uk/university/facts/ |title=University of Bristol Facts & Figures |accessdate=2007-02-03}}</ref> |chancellor = [[Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond|Baroness Hale of Richmond]]<ref name="Bristolwebsitechancellor">{{cite web |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/chancellor.html|title=Bristol University |work=Chancellor’s biography|accessdate=2007-05-13}}</ref> |vice_chancellor = [[Eric Thomas (academic)|Prof Eric Thomas]]<ref name="Bristolwebsitevice">{{cite web |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/vc/|title=Bristol University |work=Vice Chancellor's welcome|accessdate=2007-05-13}}</ref> |head_label = [[Visitor]] |head = [[Lord President of the Council|The Lord President of the Council]] ''[[ex officio]]''<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.privy-council.org.uk/output/Page49.asp| title = Institutions for which the President of the Council acts as Visitor| accessdate = 2007-12-20| publisher = Privy Council Office}}</ref> |endowment = £46m<ref name="Bristolfinance">{{cite web |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/finance/statements/current/fs0607.pdf |title=UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2006/07|work=Vice-Chancellor’s operating and financial report|accessdate=2008-04-29}}</ref> |city = [[Bristol]] |country = [[England]] |coor = {{coord|51|27|23|N|02|36|16|W|display=title,inline}} |campus = [[Urban Area|Urban]] |students = 22,780<ref name="HESA">{{cite web|url= http://www.hesa.ac.uk/dox/dataTables/studentsAndQualifiers/download/institution0607.xls|title= Table 0a - All students by institution, mode of study, level of study, gender and domicile 2006/07|accessdate= 2008-04-05|format= [[Microsoft Excel]] spreadsheet|publisher= [[Higher Education Statistics Agency]]}}</ref> |undergrad = 15,330<ref name="HESA" /> |postgrad = 7,450<ref name="HESA" /> |colours = {{color box|#b01c2e}} Pantone 187<ref name="vis-ident">{{cite web| title = University of Bristol logo | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-03 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/visualidentity/logo.html}}</ref> |type = [[public university|Public]] |affiliations = [[Russell Group]]<br/> [[Coimbra Group]]<br/> [[Worldwide Universities Network]]<br/>[[Universities UK]] |logo = [[Image:Ubristol-logo.gif|200px]] |website = http://www.bristol.ac.uk }} <!-- A note on the use of CAPITALS: I have tried to use a capital University when talking about ''the'' University (or derivatives) but lower-case when referring to many universities, or universities in general. This is actually not in keeping with the capitalisation used in the quote from the Charter, but seems more appropriate to modern usage. --> The '''University of Bristol''' is a [[university]] in [[Bristol]], [[England]].<ref name="BristolwebsiteMap">{{cite web |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/maps/precinct.html|title=Maps and Guides|work=The University precinct map|accessdate=2008-04-28}}</ref> It received its [[Royal Charter]] in 1909,<ref name="Bristolwebsite">{{cite web |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/regs/acts.html|title=The University of Bristol Acts|work=THE UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL ACT 1909|accessdate=2007-05-13}}</ref> although its predecessor institution, [[University College, Bristol]], had been in existence since 1876.<ref name="BristolUniversityHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/history/|title=Bristol University History |work=History of the University|accessdate=2007-05-13}}</ref> It is one of the original [[Red Brick universities|"red brick" universities]].<ref name="Bristolwebsiteabout">{{cite web |url=http://www.bris.ac.uk/cppd/aboutuniversity/|title=The University of Bristol |work=The University of Bristol: About the University|accessdate=2007-05-14}}</ref> Bristol ranks as one of the top 10 universities in the [[United Kingdom]] according to most published [[League tables of British universities|league tables]]<ref name="TheTimes">{{cite web |url= http://www.timesonline.co.uk/displayPopup/0,,102571,00.html|title=The Times Good University Guide 2007 |work= Top Universities 2007 League Table|accessdate=2007-05-14}}</ref><ref name="SundayTimes">{{cite web|url=http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/stug2006/stug2006.pdf|title=The Sunday Times University League Table|work=2007 League Table|accessdate=2007-05-14}}</ref><ref name="The Good University Guide">{{cite web |url= http://www.thegooduniversityguide.org.uk/league_static.php?auth=1&startNum=1&endNum=12&order_by=rank|title=The Good University Guide|work= The Good University Guide|accessdate=2007-05-14}}</ref> and receives more applications than any other British University.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/good_university_guide/article3523015.ece| title = Times Online:UCL most popular university online| accessdate = 2008-05-16| year = 2006| publisher = The Times}}</ref> The University has an annual [[Revenue|turnover]] of £260m and is the largest independent employer in [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wildscreenfestival.org/index.php?pageid=163&parentid=153| title = Wildscreen Festival 2006: University of Bristol| accessdate = 2007-12-20| year = 2006| publisher = Wildscreen}}</ref> The University is a member of the [[Russell Group]],<ref name="RussellGroup">{{cite web |url=http://www.russellgroup.ac.uk/index1.html|title=The Russell Group|work=List of Russell Group Members|accessdate=2007-05-14}}</ref> European-wide [[Coimbra Group]]<ref name="CoimbraGroup">{{cite web |url=http://www.coimbra-group.be/06_members.php|title=The Coimbra Group|work=List of Coimbra Group Members|accessdate=2007-05-14}}</ref> and the [[Worldwide Universities Network]], of which the University's Vice-Chancellor Prof [[Eric Thomas (academic)|Eric Thomas]] is the current Chair.<ref name="WUN">{{cite web |url=http://www.wun.ac.uk/|title=The Worldwide Universities Network|work=List of WUN Group Members|accessdate=2007-05-14}}</ref> The most recent [[Research Assessment Exercise]] gave 15 departments a 5* rating.<ref name="RAE">{{cite web |url=http://www.hero.ac.uk/rae/rae_dynamic.cfm?myURL=http://195.194.167.103/Results/openInst.asp|title=RAE Assessment Data 2001|work=2001 Research Assessment Exercise|accessdate=2007-05-14}}</ref> Bristol has around 23,000 students and is one of two universities in Bristol, the other being the more recently established [[University of the West of England]]. The University has gained press attention for its high [[private school]] intake and the [[2003 Bristol University admissions row|2003 dispute over its admissions system]].<ref name="Guardian">{{cite web |url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/universityaccess/story/0,,907273,00.html|title=Bristol faces boycott over admissions row|publisher = The Guardian |accessdate=2007-12-03}}</ref> ==History== ===Foundation=== The University was preceded by [[University College, Bristol]], founded in 1876,<ref name="BristolUniversityHistory" /> where its first lecture was attended by only 99 students.<ref>{{cite news | title = University of Bristol | publisher = Guardian | date = 2007-05-01 | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url = http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/universityguide/profile/story/0,,478329,00.html}}</ref> The University was able to apply for a [[Royal Charter]] due to the financial support of the Wills and [[Fry Family (Chocolate)|Fry]] families, who made their fortunes in [[tobacco]] plantations and [[chocolate]], respectively. Although the [[W. D. & H. O. Wills|Wills Family]] made huge sums of money from the slave-produced plantations, they later became [[abolitionists]] who gave their money to the city of Bristol.<ref>{{cite web | title = Bristol's slave trading past | publisher = Epigram | accessdate = 2007-12-03 | url = http://www.epigram.org.uk/view.php?id=1612}}</ref> The Royal Charter was gained in May 1909, with 288 undergraduates and 400 other students entering the University in October 1909. [[Henry Overton Wills III]] became its first chancellor.<ref name="BristolUniversityHistory" /> The University College was the first such institution in the country to admit women on the same basis as men.<ref name="BristolUniversityHistory" /> However, women were forbidden to take examinations in medicine until 1906.<ref name="archives-hub">{{cite web | title = Papers of the University of Bristol | publihser = Archives Hub | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url = http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/news/03121903.html}}</ref> {| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#ffffoo; color:black; width:23em; max-width: 25%;" cellspacing="5" | style="text-align: left;" | There shall be from henceforth for ever in Our said City of Bristol a University... |- | style="text-align: left;" | [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]], Charter of Incorporation of the University of Bristol, [[4 December]] [[1909]]<ref name="charter">{{cite web | title = Charter of Incorporation | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-03 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/regs/charter.html}}</ref> |} ===Historical development=== {{main|History of the University of Bristol}} Since the founding of the University itself in 1909, it has grown considerably and is now one of the largest employers in the local area, although it is smaller by student numbers than the nearby [[University of the West of England]].<ref name="HESA" /> Bristol does not have a [[campus]] but is spread over a considerable geographic area. Most of its activities, however, are concentrated in the area of the city centre, referred to as the "University Precinct". It is a member of the [[Russell Group]] of research-led [[United Kingdom|UK]] universities, the [[Coimbra Group]] of leading European universities and the [[Worldwide Universities Network]] (WUN). {{FixBunching|beg}} [[Image:Wills Memorial Building from road during day.jpg|thumb|The [[Wills Memorial Building]] on [[Park Street, Bristol|Park Street]].]] {{FixBunching|mid}} [[Image:Bristol University from Cabot Tower.jpg|thumb|right|Most of the buildings here are used by the University. The [[Wills Memorial Building]] is left of centre. Viewed from the [[Cabot Tower (Bristol)|Cabot Tower]] on Brandon Hill]] {{FixBunching|mid}} [[Image:Victoria Rooms (750px).jpg|thumb|The [[Victoria Rooms (Bristol)|Victoria Rooms]] now house the University's Department of Music.]] {{FixBunching|mid}} [[Image:University of Bristol buildings.JPG|thumb|Royal Fort and the Physics department]] {{FixBunching|mid}} [[Image:UniversityofBristolEngineering.JPG|thumb|The Faculty of Engineering Queen's Building]] {{FixBunching|mid}} [[Image:University of Bristol, School of Chemistry.jpg|thumb|The School of Chemistry]] {{FixBunching|mid}} [[Image:UniversityofBristolMedicalBuildings2.JPG|thumb|The School of Medical Sciences Teaching Laboratories]] {{FixBunching|mid}} [[Image:UniversityofBristolMedicalBuildings.JPG|thumb|The AIMS Seminar Centre]] {{FixBunching|mid}} [[Image:UniversityofBristolDrama.JPG|thumb|The Department of Drama]] {{FixBunching|end}} ====Early years==== After the founding of the University College in 1876, Government support began in 1889. After mergers with the Bristol Medical School in 1893 and the Merchant Venturers' Technical College in 1909,<ref>{{cite web | title = Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url = http://www.history-ontheweb.co.uk/uni/bristol.htm}}</ref> this funding allowed the opening of a new Medical School and an Engineering School&mdash;two subjects that remain among the University's greatest strengths. In 1908, gifts from the [[Fry Family (Chocolate)|Fry]] and Wills families, particularly £100,000 from [[Henry Overton Wills III]] (£6m in today's money), were provided to endow a University for Bristol and the West of England, provided that a [[Royal Charter]] could be obtained within two years. In December, 1909, the King granted such a Charter and erected the University of Bristol.<ref name="charter" /> Henry Wills became its first [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] and [[Conwy Lloyd Morgan]] the first Vice-Chancellor.<ref name="past-officers">{{cite web | title = Bristol University - Former Officers | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-06-22 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/records/formerofficers.html}}</ref> Wills died in 1911 and in tribute his sons [[George Alfred Wills|George]] and [[Henry Herbert Wills|Harry]] built the [[Wills Memorial Building]], starting in 1913 and finally finishing in 1925.<ref>{{cite web | title = Wills Memorial Building | accessdate=2007-12-06 | url = http://eis.bris.ac.uk/~glejl/WMB/index.html}}</ref> Today, it houses parts of the academic provision for [[earth sciences]] and [[law]], and [[graduation]] ceremonies are held in its Great Hall. The Wills Memorial Building is a Grade II* listed building.<ref>{{cite web | title = University Tower and Wills Memorial Building and attached front walls and lamps | publisher = English Heritage | work = National Monument Record | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url = http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?id=380278}}</ref> In 1920, George Wills bought the [[Victoria Rooms (Bristol)|Victoria Rooms]] and endowed them to the University as a [[Students' Union]].<ref name="BristolUniversityHistory" /> The building now houses the Department of Music and is a Grade II* listed building.<ref>{{cite web | title = Victoria Rooms and attached railings and gates | publisher = English Heritage | work = National Monument Record | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url = http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=380288}}</ref> At the point of foundation, the University was required to provide for the local community. This mission was behind the creation of the Department of Extra-Mural Adult Education in 1924 to provide courses to the local community. This mission continues today; a new admissions policy specifically caters to the 'BS' [[UK postcodes|postcode]] area of [[Bristol]].<ref name="admit-policy">{{cite web|title=Undergraduate admissions principles and procedures (Home/EU students)|publisher=Bristol University|accessdate= 2007-12-12|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/governance/policies/admissions-policy.html}}</ref> Among the famous names associated with Bristol in this early period is [[Paul Dirac]], who graduated in 1921 with a degree in engineering, before obtaining a second degree in mathematics in 1923 from [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. For his subsequent pioneering work on quantum mechanics, he was awarded the 1933 Nobel Prize for Physics.<ref>{{cite web | title = Notable alumni - Faculty of Engineering | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url =http://www.alumni.bris.ac.uk/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?&pid=280&srcid=190}}</ref> Later in the 1920s, the H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory was opened by [[Ernest Rutherford]].<ref>{{cite web | title = History of the Department | publisher = Department of Physics, University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url = http://www.phy.bris.ac.uk/history.html}}</ref> It has since housed several [[Nobel Prize]] winners: [[Cecil Frank Powell]] (1950);<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950 | publisher = The Nobel Foundation | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1950/}}</ref> [[Hans Albrecht Bethe]] (1967);<ref>{{cite web | title = Hans Bethe - Biography | publisher = The Nobel Foundation | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1967/bethe-bio.html}}</ref> and Sir [[Nevill Francis Mott]] (1977).<ref>{{cite web | title = Sir Nevill F. Mott | publisher = The Nobel Foundation | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1977/mott-bio.html}}</ref> The Laboratory stands on the same site today, close to the [[Bristol Grammar School]] and the city [[museum]]. [[Winston Churchill|Sir Winston Churchill]] became the University's third Chancellor in 1929, serving the University in that capacity until 1965.<ref name="BristolUniversityHistory" /> He succeeded [[Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane|Richard Haldane]] who had held the office from 1912 following the death of Henry Wills.<ref name="past-officers" /><ref name="archives-hub" /> During [[World War II]], the Wills Memorial was bombed, destroying the Great Hall and the organ it housed.<ref name="BristolUniversityHistory" /> It has since been restored to its former glory, complete with oak panelled walls and a new organ. ====Post-war development==== In 1946, the University established the first [[drama]] department in the country.<ref name="BristolUniversityHistory" /> In the same year, Bristol began offering special entrance [[exam]]s and [[Grant (money)|grants]] to aid the resettlement of servicemen returning home. Student numbers continued to increase, and the Faculty of Engineering eventually needed the new premises that were to become Queen's Building in 1955. This substantial building housed all of the University's engineers until 1996, when [[Electrical Engineering]] and [[Computer Science]] moved over the road into the new Merchant Venturers' Building to make space for these rapidly expanding fields. Today, Queen's Building caters for most of the teaching needs of the Faculty and provides academic space for the "heavy" engineering subjects ([[civil engineering|civil]], [[mechanical engineering|mechanical]], and [[aeronautical engineering|aeronautical]]). With unprecedented growth in the 1960s, particularly in undergraduate numbers, the Student's Union eventually acquired larger premises in a new building in the [[Clifton, Bristol|Clifton]] area of the city, in 1965. This building was more spacious than the Victoria Rooms, which were now given over to the Department of [[Music]]. The [[University of Bristol Union|new Union]] provides many practice and performance rooms, some specialist rooms, as well as three bars: the Epi; the Mandela (also known as AR2) and the Avon Gorge. Whilst spacious, the Union building is thought by many to be ugly<ref>{{cite web | title = The Students' Union | publisher = University of Bristol Union | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/union/altprospectus/unilife/union}}</ref> and out of character compared to the architecture of the rest of the [[Clifton, Bristol|Clifton]] area, having been mentioned in a [[BBC]] poll to find the worst architectural eyesores in Britain.<ref>{{cite news | title = What is the worst eyesore in the UK? | publisher = BBC News | date = 2003-11-21 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/talking_point/3266673.stm}}</ref> The University has proposed relocating the Union to a more central location as part of its development 'masterplan'.<ref>{{cite web | title = University of Bristol Strategic Masterplan | publisher = University of Bristol | pages = 64 | accessdate = 2007-12-06 | url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Bursar/masterplan06/1masterplan.pdf | date = July 2006 }}</ref> The 1960s were a time of considerable student activism in the United Kingdom, and Bristol was no exception. In 1968, many students marched in support of the [[Anderson Report (British Education)|Anderson Report]], which called for higher student grants. This discontent culminated in an 11-day sit-in at the Senate House (the administrative headquarters of the University).<ref name="BristolUniversityHistory" /> A series of Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors led the University through these decades, with [[Henry Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort]] taking over from Churchill as Chancellor in 1965 before being succeeded by [[Dorothy Hodgkin]] in 1970 who spent the next 18 years in the office.<ref name="past-officers" /> As the age of mass [[higher education]] dawned, Bristol continued to build its student numbers. The various undergraduate residences were repeatedly expanded and, more recently, some postgraduate residences have been constructed. These more recent ventures have been funded (and are run) by external companies in agreement with the University. Since 1988, there have been only two further Chancellors: Sir [[Jeremy Morse]], then chairman of [[Lloyds Bank]] who handed over in 2003 to [[Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond|Brenda Hale]], the first female [[Lord of Appeal in Ordinary|Law Lord]].<ref name="archives-hub" /><ref name="past-officers" /> One of the few Centres for Deaf Studies in the [[United Kingdom]] was established in Bristol in 1981, followed in 1988 by the Norah Fry Centre for research into learning difficulties. Also in 1988, and again in 2004,<ref>{{cite news| title = Students' union breaks from NUS| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/3463995.stm| publisher = [[BBC News]]| date = 2004-02-05| accessdate = 2007-12-20}}</ref> the Students' Union AGM voted to disaffiliate from the [[National Union of Students of the United Kingdom|National Union of Students]] (NUS). On both occasions, however, the subsequent referendum of all students reversed that decision and Bristol remains affiliated to the NUS. In 2002, the University was involved in argument over press intrusion after details of [[Euan Blair|Euan Blair's]] application to university (son of then-Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]]) were published in national newspapers. Euan eventually gained a 2:1 in [[Ancient History]] from Bristol.<ref>{{cite news| title = Blair's son to go to Bristol University| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/2212130.stm| publisher = [[BBC News]]| date = 2002-08-23| accessdate = 2007-12-20}}</ref> As the number of [[postgraduate]] students has grown (particularly the numbers pursuing taught Master's Degrees), there eventually became a need for separate representation on University bodies and the Postgraduate Union (PGU) was established in 2000.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.pgu.org.uk/yourpgu/| title = General introduction of the PGU| accessdate = 2007-12-20| publisher = University of Bristol Postgraduate Union}}</ref> Universities are increasingly expected to exploit the [[intellectual property]] generated by their research activities and, in 2000, Bristol established the Research and Enterprise Division (RED) to further this cause (particularly for technology-based businesses). In 2001, the university signed a 25-year research funding deal with IP2IPO, an intellectual property commercialisation company.<ref>{{cite news | title = Bristol signs commercial research funding deal | publisher = The Guardian | author = Donald MacLeod | date = [[December 5]] [[2005]] | accessdate = 2007-12-03 | url = http://education.guardian.co.uk/businessofresearch/story/0,,1658169,00.html}}</ref> In 2007, research activities were expanded further with the opening of the Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science (ACCIS) and The Bristol Institute for Public Affairs (BIPA). In 2002, the University opened a new Centre for Sports, Exercise and Health in the heart of the University precinct.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/sport/about/| title = Bristol University - Centre for Sport, Exercise &amp; Health - About us| accessdate = 2007-12-20| date = 2007-10-02| publisher = University of Bristol}}</ref> At a cost, local residents are also able to use the facilities.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/sport/community| title = Bristol University - Centre for Sport, Exercise &amp; Health - community programmes| accessdate = 2007-12-20| date = 2007-09-28| publisher = University of Bristol}}</ref> Expansion of teaching and research activities continues. In 2004, the Faculty of Engineering completed work on the [[Bristol Laboratory for Advanced Dynamics Engineering]] (BLADE). This £18.5m project<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/gallery/places/blade.html| title = Places - BLADE| accessdate = 2007-12-20| date = 2007-12-20| publisher = University of Bristol}}</ref> provides cutting-edge technology to further the study of dynamics and is the most advanced such facility in Europe. It was built as an extension to the Queen's Building and was officially opened by [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] in March 2005. In January, 2005, The School of Chemistry was awarded £4.5m by the [[Higher Education Funding Council for England]] to create Bristol ChemLabS: a Centre for Excellence in Teaching & Learning (CETL),<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/whatsnew/cetl.htm| title = CETL - A £14M Boost for Teaching and Learning in Bristol Chemistry - 27/01/05| accessdate = 2007-12-20| date = 2007-12-14| publisher = University of Bristol}}</ref> with an additional £350k announced for the capital part of the project in February, 2006. Bristol ChemLabS stands for Bristol Chemical Laboratory Sciences; it is the only Chemistry CETL in the UK.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.hefce.ac.uk/learning/tinits/cetl/final/| title = Complete list of funded CETLs| accessdate = 2007-12-20| date = 2007-12-03| publisher = HEFCE}}</ref> There is also a plan to significantly redevelop the centre of the University Precinct in the coming years.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Bursar/masterplan.html| title = University of Bristol Masterplan| accessdate = 2007-12-20| last = Bowden| first = Chris| date = 2007-09-10| publisher = University of Bristol}}</ref> ====2003 admissions row==== {{main|2003 Bristol University admissions row}} The University has been regarded as being [[elitist]] by some commentators,<ref>{{cite web|title =Elite uni aims to broaden its appeal|publisher=BBC news|accessdate = 2007-12-12|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/1768564.stm }}</ref> taking 42% of its undergraduate students from non-state schools, according to the most recent 2006/2007 figures, despite the fact that such pupils make up just 7% of the population in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|title=Understated |publisher =Etan Smallman:Epigram Online|accessdate=2007-12-12 |url=http://www.epigram.org.uk/view.php?id=1583}}</ref> It should be noted that 20% of sixth-form pupils attend non-state funded institutions. In late February and early March 2003, Bristol became embroiled in a row about admissions policies, with some private schools threatening a boycott<ref>{{cite web|title=Private schools 'boycott' Bristol |publisher =BBC news|accessdate=2007-12-12|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/2818263.stm}}</ref> based on their claims that, in an effort to improve equality of access, the University was discriminating against their students. These claims were hotly denied by the University.<ref>{{cite web| title =Bristol remains firm on admissions |publisher =BBC news|accessdate=2007-12-12|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/3014108.stm}}</ref> In August, 2005, following a large-scale survey, the [[Independent Schools Council]] publicly acknowledged that there was no evidence of bias against applicants from the schools it represented.<ref>{{cite web|title='No bias' against private pupils |publisher =BBC news|accessdate=2007-12-12|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/4161100.stm}}</ref> The University has a new admissions policy,<ref name="admit-policy" /> which lays out in considerable detail the basis on which any greater or lesser weight may be given to particular parts of an applicant's backgrounds&mdash;in particular, what account may be taken of which school the applicant hails from. This new policy also encourages greater participation from locally resident applicants. ==Academic reputation== [[League tables of British universities|League tables]] generally place Bristol within the top ten universities in the [[United Kingdom]]. The 2008 University League Table published by ''[[The Times]]'' placed Bristol 8th, ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' placed Bristol 10th and ''[[The Good University Guide]]'' placed Bristol 7th.<ref>{{cite web|title=University of Bristol|publisher =The Good University Guide Times Online|accessdate=2007-12-12|url= http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/good_university_guide/article2105007.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=League Table Direct: The Good University Guide | publisher = The Good University Guide|accessdate=2007-12-21|url= http://www.thegooduniversityguide.org.uk/single.htm?ipg=6524 }}</ref>Internationally, ''[[The Times Higher Education Supplement]]'' placed Bristol 64th in the world in 2006 and 37th in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Times Higher Education Supplement 2007:The World's Top 200 Universities|publisher=The Times Higher Education Supplement|accessdate=2007-12-21| url=http://www.paked.net/higher_education/rankings/times_rankings.htm}}</ref> Another international ranking, the [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]] [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]], placed Bristol 62nd globally in 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title = Top 500 World Universities | publisher = Shanghai Jiao Tong University | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2007/ARWU2007_Top100.htm}}</ref> According to data published in ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'' Bristol has the third-highest percentage of 'good honours' of any UK university, behind [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]].<ref>{{cite web|title=University league table|publisher =The Telegraph|accessdate=2007-12-21|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/07/30/ncambs430.xml}}</ref> In addition, the following courses offered by University of Bristol, managed to reach top 5 in the Times ranking (2008): Computer Science(3-rd), Electrical and Electronic Engineering(3-rd), Civil Engineering(5-th), Biological Sciences(3-rd), Mathematics (3-rd), Psychology (4-th). In addition, Bristol is particularly strong in the field of social sciences, particularly in Economics, Finance and Management, and was recently rated 4th in the 2008 Guardian University Guide for Business and Management Studies. <ref>[http://www.bristol.ac.uk/efm/news/2008/16.html Bristol University | School of Economics, Finance and Management | Bristol Ranked Fourth<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Bristol is also known for its research strength, having 15 departments gaining the top grade of 5* in the 2001 [[Research Assessment Exercise]]. Overall, 36 out of 46 departments rated gained the top two ratings of 5 or 5*, and 76% of all the academic staff working in departments scored these top two levels.<ref>{{cite web | title= 2001 Research Assessment Exercise Results | publisher = Higher Education and Research Opportunities | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://195.194.167.103/Results/all/all.xls | format=xls}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Bristol: The Good University Guide | publisher = The Good University Guide | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.thegooduniversityguide.org.uk/single.htm?ipg=6496}}</ref> In terms of teaching strength, Bristol had an average Teaching Quality Assessment score of 22.05/24 before the TQA was abolished.<ref>{{cite web | title = HEFCE TQA/QAA SUBJECT REVIEW RESULTS TABLE 1993-present | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/tsu/ext_quality/qaa/qaaresults.html}}</ref> For admission in October 2005, Bristol reported an average of 10.8 applications per place with the average A-level score on admission being 436.4.<ref>{{cite web | title = Facts and figures |publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/facts/}}</ref> That year, Bristol's drop-out rate was 2.2% compared to the benchmark set by HEFCE of no more than 3.1%.<ref>{{cite news | title = University dropout rate | publisher = BBC News | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | date = 2007-07-19 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6906012.stm}}</ref> ===League tables=== {| class="wikitable" |+UK |- ! ! 2009 ! 2008 ! 2007 ! 2006 ! 2005 |- ! Times Good University Guide | 10<sup>th</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/tol_gug/gooduniversityguide.php|title=The Times Good University Guide 2009|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=2008-06-29}}</ref> | 8<sup>th</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/gug/gooduniversityguide.php |title=The Times Good University Guide 2008|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> | 7<sup>th</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/displayPopup/0,,102571,00.html |title=The Times Good University Guide 2007 - Top Universities 2007 League Table|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> | 7<sup>th | 12<sup>th</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/displayPopup/0,,32607,00.html |title=The Times Top Universities |work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> |- ! Sunday Times University Guide | | 10<sup>th</sup><ref name="Sunday_times 2008">{{cite web |url=http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/stug/universityguide.php |title=The Sunday Times Good University Guide League Tables |work=[[The Sunday Times]]|accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> | 9<sup>th | 9<sup>th</sup><ref name="Sunday_times 2006/05">{{cite web |url=http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/stug2006/stug2006.pdf |title=The Sunday Times University League Table |work=[[The Sunday Times]]|accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> | 8<sup>th</sup><ref name="Sunday_times 2006/05">{{cite web |url=http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/stug2006/stug2006.pdf |title=The Sunday Times University League Table |work=[[The Sunday Times]]|accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> |- ! Daily Telegraph | |N/A |7<sup>th</sup><ref name="Telegraph 2006">{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml;jsessionid=HXFCSGXMNVABTQFIQMFCFGGAVCBQYIV0?xml=/news/2007/07/30/ncambs430.xml |title= University league table |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=2007-10-29}}</ref> |N/A |N/A |- ! The Independent |16<sup>th</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/the-main-league-table-2009-813839.html|title=The main league table 2009|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=2008-04-11}}</ref> |7<sup>th</sup> |N/A |N/A |N/A |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+World |- ! ! 2007 ! 2006 ! 2005 |- ! [[THES - QS World University Rankings]] | 37<sup>th</sup><ref name=topMBA>{{cite web |url=http://www.topmba.com/fileadmin/pdfs/2007_Top_200_Compact.pdf|title = THES - QS World University Rankings 2007 |work=QS TopMBA|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> | 64<sup>th</sup><ref name=topMBA>{{cite web |url=http://www.topmba.com/fileadmin/pdfs/2007_Top_200_Compact.pdf|title = THES - QS World University Rankings 2007 |work=QS TopMBA|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1888151,00.html|title=Oxbridge closes gap on Harvard in world university rankings|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=[[2007-10-05]]|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref><!-- This link is dead<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.topuniversities.com/worlduniversityrankings/results/2006/overall_top_200_full_details/ |title = THES - QS World University Rankings 2006 |work=[[THES]]|accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> --> | 49<sup>th</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.topuniversities.com/worlduniversityrankings/results/2005/top_200_universities/ |title = THES - QS World University Rankings 2005 |work=[[THES]]|accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> |- ! [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]] | 62<sup>nd</sup><ref>[http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2007/ARWU2007FullListByRank.pdf Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2007]</ref> | 62<sup>nd</sup><ref>[http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2006/ARWU2006FULLLIST-BY%20RANK%20(PDF).pdf Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2006]</ref> | 64<sup>th</sup><ref>[http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2005/ARWU2005FullList2.pdf Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2005]</ref> |- ! '''Newsweek - The Top 100 Global Universities''' | 49<sup>th</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.how2uk.com/modules/applyuniversity/item.php?itemid=15|title =The Top 100 Global Universities|work=How2Uk.com|accessdate=2008-05-31}}</ref> |N/A |N/A |} ==Students' Union and student life== [[Image:070327 ukbris ubu01.jpg|thumb|right|The [[University of Bristol Union]] building]] {{main|University of Bristol Union}} The University has a Students' Union, the [[University of Bristol Union]], which claims to have the largest Students' Union building in the country.<ref>{{cite web | title = Arrival in Bristol | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-03 | url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/internationalcentre/europe/erasmusin/arrival.html#union}}</ref> From this location, the student radio station ''[[BURST]]'' (Bristol University Radio Station) broadcasts and the student paper ''[[Epigram (newspaper)|Epigram]]'' publishes. In terms of student life, the Union is responsible for the organisation of the annual freshers' fair, the coordination of Bristol Student Community Action, which organizes volunteering projects in the local community, and the organization of entertainment events and student societies. The current President of the union is Tobin Webb.<ref>{{cite news | title = Webb finally nets the presidency | publisher = Epigram | author = Chris Miles | date = 2007-03-12 | accessdate = 2007-12-03 | url = http://www.epigram.org.uk/view.php?id=1584}}</ref> Previous presidents have included [[Sue Lawley]] and [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP [[Lembit Opik]]. There is a separate union for postgraduate students, as well as an athletic union, which is a member of the [[British Universities & Colleges Sport]].<ref>{{cite web | title = BUSA Members | publisher = BUSA | accessdate = 2007-12-03 | url = http://www.busa.org.uk/fl/members.asp}}</ref> In distinction to the '[[blue (university sport)|blues]]' awarded for sporting excellence at [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], Bristol's outstanding athletes are awarded 'reds'.<ref>{{cite web | title = Bristol Reds | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-03 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/sport/high-performance/bristol-reds.html}}</ref> ==Halls of residence== {{main|Halls of residence at the University of Bristol}} [[Image:Wills Hall, University of Bristol.JPG|thumb|Wills Hall]] Accommodation for students is primarily in the central precinct of the University and two areas of Bristol: [[Clifton, Bristol|Clifton]] and [[Stoke Bishop]].<ref name="prosp">{{cite web | title = Accommodation Prospectus 2007 | publisher = University of Bristol | pages = 3 | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | format = pdf | url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/accom/prospectus/pros.pdf}}</ref> In Stoke Bishop, [[Wills Hall]] on the edge of the [[The Downs (Bristol)|Clifton Downs]] was the first to be opened, in 1929, by then-Chancellor Winston Churchill. Its original [[quadrangle]] layout has been expanded twice, in 1962 and 1990.<ref name="prosp" /> Churchill Hall, named for the Chancellor, followed in 1956, then [[Badock Hall]] in 1964.<ref name="prosp" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Badock Hall Prospectus | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Badock/prospectus.shtml}}</ref> At the time of Badock Hall's establishment, some of the buildings were called [[Hiatt Baker Hall]], but two years later, Hiatt Baker moved to its own site and is now the largest hall in the University.<ref name="prosp" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Hiatt Baker Hall History | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/hiattbaker/history/}}</ref> The first self-catering hall in Stoke Bishop was [[University Hall (Bristol)|University Hall]], established in 1971 with expansion in 1992.<ref name="prosp" /> The Universities newest undergraduate residence, Durdham Hall, was opened in Stoke Bishop in 1994.<ref name="prosp" /> All of the main halls elect groups of students to the [[Junior_Common_Room#Bristol|Junior Common Room]] to organize the halls social calendar for the next year. [[Image:Goldney1.jpg|thumb|left|Goldney Hall]] In Clifton, [[Goldney Hall]] was built first in the early 1700s by a wealthy merchant family of the same surname and eventually became part of the University in 1956.<ref>{{cite web | title = Goldney Hall History | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Goldney/history.htm}}</ref> It is a popular location for filming, with ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia (TV miniseries)|The Chronicles of Narnia]]'', ''[[The House of Eliott]]'' and ''[[Truly, Madly, Deeply]]'', as well as episodes of ''[[Only Fools and Horses]]'' and ''[[Casualty (TV series)|Casualty]]'', being filmed there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.imdb.com/List?endings=on&&locations=Goldney%20Hall,%20Clifton,%20Bristol,%20England,%20UK&&heading=18;with+locations+including;Goldney%20Hall,%20Clifton,%20Bristol,%20England,%20UK|title=Titles with locations including Goldney Hall, Clifton, Bristol, England, UK|accessdate=2007-01-03|publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]]}}</ref> The [[Grotto at Goldney House|Grotto]] in the grounds is a Grade I [[listed building]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Grotto approximately 85 metres south of Goldney House, Clifton Hill, Bristol | publisher = English Heritage | work = National Monument Record | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?id=379242}}</ref> [[Clifton Hill House]] is another Grade I listed building now used as student accommodation in Clifton.It was originally built in between 1745 and 1750 by [[Isaac Ware]], and has been used by the University since its earliest days in 1909.<ref name="prosp" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Clifton Hill House and attached front walls, Clifton Hill, Bristol | publisher = English Heritage | work = National Monument Record | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=379238}}</ref> [[Manor Hall]] comprises five separate buildings, the principal of which was erected from 1927–1932 to the design of [[George Oatley]] following a donation from [[Henry Herbert Wills]].[[Image:Clifton Hill House.jpg|thumb|Clifton Hill House]] One of its annexes, Manor House, has recently been refurbished and officially 'reopened' in 1999.<ref name="prosp" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Manor Hall and Sinclair House History | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Manor/new/history.htm}}</ref> Several of the residences in the central precinct are more recent and have been built and are managed by third-party organisations under exclusivity arrangements with the University. These include Unite House and [[Chantry Court]], opened in 2000 and 2003 respectively by the [[UNITE Group]],<ref>{{cite web | title = UNITE House in Bristol | publisher = UNITE Group plc | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.unite-students.com/QuickSearch.do?propCode=BS1UNITE}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Chantry Court | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/accom/pgs/chantry.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Chantry Court in Bristol | publisher = UNITE Group plc | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.unite-students.com/QuickSearch.do?propCode=BS1CHANT}}</ref> as well as Dean's Court (2001, postgraduates only) and Woodland Court (2005), both run by the Dominion Housing Group.<ref>{{cite web | title = Dean's Court | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/accom/pgs/dc.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Woodland Court | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/accom/woodland.html}}</ref> ==Academic structure== The University is made up of a number of schools and departments organised into six faculties:<ref>{{cite web | title = Academic Departments and Research Centres by Faculty | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-08-10| url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/index/faculties/}}</ref> {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} ===Faculty of Arts=== * Archaeology and Anthropology * Drama: Theatre, Film, Television * History of Art * Music * Philosophy * Classics & Ancient History * English * Historical Studies * Theology and Religious Studies * French&nbsp; * German * Hispanic, Portuguese and Latin American Studies * Italian * Russian {{col-3}} ===Faculty of Engineering=== * Aerospace Engineering * Civil Engineering * Computer Science * Electrical and Electronic Engineering * Engineering Mathematics * Mechanical Engineering ===Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences=== * Anatomy * Biochemistry * Cellular & Molecular Medicine * Clinical Veterinary Science * Physiology and Pharmacology ===Faculty of Science=== * Biological Sciences * Chemistry * Earth Sciences * Experimental Psychology * Geographical Sciences * Mathematics * Physics {{col-3}} ===Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry=== * Clinical Science at North Bristol * Clinical Science at South Bristol * Community-Based Medicine * Oral & Dental Science * Social Medicine ===Faculty of Social Sciences and Law=== * Politics * Social Work * Sociology * Education (Graduate School of) * Geographical Sciences * Policy Studies * Deaf Studies * Hearing and Balance Studies * Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences * Accounting and Finance * Economics * Management * Law {{col-3}} {{col-end}} ===Degrees=== Bristol awards a range of [[academic degree]]s spanning [[Bachelor's degree|bachelor's]] and [[Master's degree|master's]] degrees as well as junior [[doctorate]]s and [[higher doctorate]]s. The [[post-nominal letters|postnominal]]s awarded are the [[British degree abbreviations|degree abbreviations]] used commonly among British universities. The University is part of the [[Engineering Doctorate]] scheme,<ref>{{cite web | title = Engineering Doctorate Centre Details | publisher = Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council | accessdate = 2006-07-18 | url=http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/PostgraduateTraining/EngineeringDoctorates/CentreDetailsAndContacts.htm}}</ref> and awards the Eng. D. in [[systems engineering]], [[engineering management]], [[aerospace engineering]] and [[non-destructive evaluation]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Regulations for the Degree of Engineering Doctorate (Eng. D.) | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-08-06 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/regs/regulations/docmasters/engd.html}}</ref> Bristol notably does not award by title any Bachelor's degrees in music, which is available for study but awarded [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] (although it does award [[Master of Music|M.Mus.]] and [[Doctor of Music|D.Mus.]]), nor any degree in [[divinity]], since divinity is not available for study (students of [[theology]] are awarded a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]]). Similarly, the University does not award [[Bachelor of Letter|B.Litt.]] (Bachelor of Letters), although it does award both [[Master of Letters|M.Litt.]] and [[Doctor of Letters|D.Litt]]. In regulations, the University does not name [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] or [[Doctor of Dental Surgery|D.D.S.]] as [[higher doctorate]]s, although they are in many universities.<ref>{{cite web | title = Regulations for Dissertations for Doctoral and Masters Degrees... | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate=2007-08-06 | url=http://www.bris.ac.uk/cms/go/universitycalendar/regs/regulations/docmasters/dissregs.html}}</ref>, as these degrees are normally accredited professional doctorates. The degrees of D.Litt., [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc.]], [[Doctor of Engineering|D.Eng.]], [[Doctor of Laws|LL.D.]] and D.Mus., whilst having regulations specifying the grounds for award,<ref>{{cite web | title = Regulations for the Degrees of Doctor of Letters, Doctor of Science, Doctor of Engineering and Doctor of Laws | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-08-06 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/regs/regulations/docmasters/dlittdscdenglld.html}}</ref> are most often conferred as [[honorary degree]]s (''in honoris causa'').<ref>{{cite web | title=Honorary Graduates | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate=2007-08-06 | url=http://www.bris.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/records/hongrads.html}}</ref> Those used most commonly are the D.Litt., D.Sc. and LL.D., with the [[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|M.A.]] (and occasionally the M.Litt.) also sometimes conferred honorarily for distinction in the local area or within the University. ==Governance== {{main|Governance of the University of Bristol}} In common with most UK universities, Bristol is headed formally by the [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]], currently [[Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond|Brenda Hale]] and led on a day-to-day basis by the [[Vice-Chancellor]], currently Prof [[Eric Thomas]]. There are four Pro-Vice-Chancellors and three ceremonial Pro-Chancellors.<ref name="gov">{{cite web|title=Governance: How the University is run|publisher=University of Bristol|accessdate=2007-12-21|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/governance }}</ref> The Chancellor may hold office for up to ten years and the Pro-Chancellors for up to three, unless the University Court determines otherwise,<ref>{{cite web | title = Statute 3 — The Chancellor | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | date = 2000-03-15 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/regs/statutes/stat3.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Statute 4 — The Pro-Chancellors | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/regs/statutes/stat4.html}}</ref> but the Vice-Chancellor and Pro-Vice-Chancellors have no term limits.<ref>{{cite web | title = Statute 5 — The Vice-Chancellor | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | date = 2000-03-15 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/regs/statutes/stat5.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Statute 6 — The Pro Vice-Chancellors | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | date = 2004-02-24 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/regs/statutes/stat6.html}}</ref> From September 2008, there will also be a Deputy Vice-Chancellor, who will stand in for the Vice-Chancellor on all matters when the latter is away from the University.<ref>{{cite press release | title = University gets new deputy chief | publisher = University of Bristol | date = 2007-12-04 | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2007/5724.html}}</ref> Responsibility for running the University is held at an executive level by the Vice-Chancellor, but the Council is the only body that can recommend changes to the University's statutes and Charter,<ref name="council">{{cite web| title=Council|publisher=University of Bristol|accessdate=2007-12-21|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/council/ }}</ref> with the exception of academic ordinances. These can only be made with the consent of the Senate, the chief academic body in the University which also holds responsibility for teaching and learning, examinations and research and enterprise.<ref name="council" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Senate | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/senate/}}</ref> The Chancellor and Pro Chancellors are nominated by Council and appointed formally by Court, whose additional powers are now limited to these appointments and a few others, including some lay members of Council.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statute 13 — Powers of Court | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | date = 2005-05-07 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/regs/statutes/stat13.html }}</ref> Finally, Convocation, the body of all staff, ceremonial officers and graduates of the University, returns 100 members to Court and one member to Council,<ref name="gov" /> but is otherwise principally a forum for discussion and to ensure graduates stay in touch with the University. ==Architecture== [[Image:Willsmemorial.JPG|thumb|right|200px|The armorials on the [[Wills Memorial Building]] and some of the grotesques, the later designed by [[Jean Hahn]] which portray some of the then University staff.<ref>Carleton (1984), p130</ref>]] Some of the University of Bristol's buildings date to its pre-charter days when it was [[University College Bristol]]. These buildings were designed by [[Charles Hansom]], the younger brother of [[Joseph Hansom]], the inventor of the [[Hansom Cab]]. These buildings suffered being built in stages due to financial pressure. George Oatley added to them a tower in memory of Albert Fry which can still be seen on University Road. The first large scale building project the University of Bristol undertook on gaining a charter was the Wills Memorial Building which it was hoped would be a symbol of academic permanence for the University and a memorial to the chief benefactor of the University [[Henry Overton Wills]]. It was requested to the architect [[George Oatley]] that the building be built to last at least 400 years but the site purchased, at the top of [[Park Street, Bristol|Park Street]] suffered from an awkward slope and a desirability to link the building with the Museum and Art Gallery situated adjacent to the plot. The architecture critic [[Roger Gill (architecture critic)|Roger Gill]] has stated that the building is "remarkable in size" but noted that the "ambience of a medieval University was strangely lacking". He goes on to criticize the building as a "sham" and a "folly".<ref>Carleton (1984), p129</ref> The armorials on the Founder's Window represent all of the interests present at the founding of the University of Bristol including the Wills and Fry families. The Tyndalls Park Estate and Royal Fort were also purchased from the trustees of the Tyndall family allowing the University to expand. Many Departments in the Faculty of Arts are housed in large Victorian houses which have been converted for teaching.<ref>Higher Education Quality Council (1993), p2</ref> [[Goldney gardens]] entered the property of the University of Bristol through [[George Wills]] who had hoped to build an all male hall of residence there. This was prevented due to the moral objection of the then warden of Clifton Hall House who objected to the idea of male and female residences being in such close proximity. University records show that Miss Starvey was prepared to resign over the issue and that she had the support of the then Chancellor [[Conwy Lloyd Morgan]].<ref>Carleton (1984), p132</ref> Eventually land was purchased in [[Stoke Bishop]] allowing [[Wills Hall]] to be bought, allowing the building of what has been described as a "quasi-[[Oxbridge]]" hall, to which was added the Dame Monica Wills Chapel added by George Wills' widow after his death. [[Image:Goldney2.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The Gardens of Goldney Hall were acquired by the Wills family]]. Burwalls, a mansion house on the other side of the [[Avon Gorge]] was used as a halls of residence in the past and was a home of [[Sir George Oatley]]. The building is now used to house the Centre for Continuing Education.<ref name="burwalls">{{cite web | title =Burwalls Centre for Continuing Education| publisher = University of Bristol |accessdate = 2008-06-16 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/burwalls/}}</ref> Many of the more modern buildings including the Physics department and Senate House were designed by [[Raplh Brentnall]] after funds from the University Grants Committee. He is also responsible for the extension to the Wills Memorial Building library which was completed to such standard that few now realize that is an extension to the original building. <ref>Carleton (1984), p138</ref> Brentnall oversaw the rebuilding of the Great Hall of the Wills Memorial Building after it was partly destroyed during the [[Bristol Blitz]] of [[World War II]]. The buildings of St Michael's Hill were rebuilt using hundreds of old [[photographs]] in order to recreate the original houses. The flats at Goldney Hall were designed my Michael Grice and received an award from the Civic Trust for their design . <ref>Carleton (1984), p139</ref> Bristol University owns some of the best examples of Georgian architecture in the city, the best examples being [[Royal Fort House]], [[Clifton Hill House]] and [[Goldney Hall]] despite some additions. <ref>Carleton (1984), p141</ref> The Victoria Rooms which house the Music Department were design by [[Charles Dyer]] and is seen as a good example of a Greek revival movement in British architecture. The [[tympanum]] of the building depicts a scene from ''The Advent of Morning'' designed by [[Jabez Tyley]]. <ref>Carleton (1984), p136</ref> Its major feature was a large organ which has since been destroyed by fire. ==Symbols== In common with other universities in the United Kingdom, Bristol uses its particular pattern of [[academic dress]] as well its logo and [[coat of arms]] to represent itself. ===Academic dress=== {{main|Academic dress of the University of Bristol}} The University specifies a mix of [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] and [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] [[academic dress]]. For the most part, it uses Cambridge-style hoods and Oxford-style gowns. Unusually for British universities, the hoods are required to be 'University red' (see the logo at the top of the page) rather than black.<ref name="costume">{{cite web | title = Regulations for Academic and Official Costume | publisher = University of Bristol Regulations for Academic and Official Costume |accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.bris.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/regs/regulations/regscostume.html}}</ref> ===Logo and arms=== [[Image:UniversityofBristollogo2.jpg|thumb|The University coat of arms]] In 2004, the University unveiled its new logo. The icons in the logo are the sun for the Wills family, the dolphin for Colston, the horse for Fry and the ship-and-castle from the mediaeval seal of the City of Bristol, as also used in the coat of arms. The shape of the whole logo represents the open book of learning.<ref name="vis-ident" /> This logo has replaced the University [[Coat of arms|arms]] shown, but the arms continue to be used where there is a specific historical or ceremonial requirement. The arms comprise: <center> ''argent on a cross quadrate gules the arms of the City of Bristol between in pale and a sun in splendour (for Wills) and an open book proper, leaved and clasped or, and inscribed with the words Nisi quia Dominus, and in fesse to the dexter a dolphin embowed (for Colston), and to the sinister a horse courant (for Fry), both of the third.'' </center> The inscription on the book is the [[Latin]] opening of the 124th Psalm, ''"If the Lord Himself had not (been on our side...)"''.<ref name="arms" /> == People == Bristol has produced eight [[Nobel Laureate]]s and academics include ten Fellows of the [[Academy of Medical Sciences]], ten Fellows of the [[British Academy]], twelve Fellows of the [[Royal Academy of Engineering]] and eighteen Fellows of the [[Royal Society]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Nobel Prizes and Fellowships|publisher=University of Bristol|accessdate=2007-12-03|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/distinctions}}</ref> Present academics include Sir [[Michael Berry]], knighted in 1996, one of the discoverers of [[quantum mechanics]]' '[[geometric phase]]',<ref>{{cite web | title = Michael Berry | publisher = HP Labs | accessdate = 2007-12-29 | url = http://www.hpl.hp.com/news/lectures/Abstracts/MichaelBerry.htm}}</ref> [[John Rarity]] who, in 2001, set a then world-record 1.9km range for free-space secure key exchange using [[quantum cryptography]],<ref>{{cite press release | url = http://www.quiprocone.org/pressrelease_JRarity.htm | title = DERA Scientists achieve world record 1.9&nbsp;km range for free-space secure key exchange using quantum cryptography | date = January 2001 | publisher = DERA | accessdate = 2007-12-29}}</ref> and [[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Mark Horton]], one of the presenters of the [[BBC]]'s ''[[Coast (TV series)|Coast]]'' television series.<ref>{{cite web | title = Coast — The Team | publisher = BBC | accessdate = 2007-12-29 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/coast/experts/index.shtml#p3}}</ref> [[Patricia Broadfoot]], Vice-Chancellor of the [[University of Gloucestershire]], and [[Nigel Thrift]], Vice-Chancellor of the [[University of Warwick]] both were previously faculty at Bristol.<ref>{{cite web | title = Patricia Broadfoot | publisher = University of Gloucestershire | accessdate = 2007-12-29 | url = http://www.glos.ac.uk/council/patricia-broadfoot.cfm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = About the Vice-Chancellor | accessdate = 2007-12-29 | publisher = University of Warwick | url = http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/about/management/vc}}</ref> [[Anthony Epstein]], co-discoverer of the [[Epstein-Barr virus]], was Professor of [[Pathology]] at the University from 1968–1982.<ref>{{cite press release | title = Honorary Fellowship for Professor Sir Anthony Epstein | publisher = University of Bristol | accessdate = 2007-12-29 | date = 2006-07-18 | url = http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2006/1030.html}}</ref> Historical academics include Sir [[John Lennard-Jones]], discoverer of the [[Lennard-Jones potential]] in physics<ref>{{cite journal | author = Lennard-Jones, J. E. | title = Cohesion | journal = Proceedings of the Physical Society | year = 1931 | volume = 43 | pages = 461–482 | doi = 10.1088/0959-5309/43/5/301}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = H. Jones | title = Notes on Work at the University of Bristol, 1930-7 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A | year = 1931 | volume = 371 | number = 1744 | pages = 52–55}}</ref> and [[Alfred Marshall]], one of the University College's Principals and influential [[economist]] in the latter part of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web | title = Alfred Marshall | publisher = Economy Professor | accessdate = 2007-12-29 | url = http://www.economyprofessor.com/theorists/alfredmarshall.php}}</ref> ===Alumni=== {{main|Alumni of the University of Bristol}} Notable [[alumnus|alumni]] of the University of Bristol include writers [[Dick King-Smith]], [[Angela Carter]] and [[David Nicholls]], author of the novel ''[[Starter for Ten (novel)|Starter for Ten]]'', turned into a screenplay set in the University of Bristol.<ref>{{cite web|title =Starter for Ten |publisher=BBC Bristol|accessdate=2007-12-21|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2006/06/26/starter_feature.shtml}}</ref> Other high-profile former students include illusionist [[Derren Brown]], Global Economist [[Robert Barro]], IMF Director [[Dominique Strauss-Kahn]], Prince of Monaco [[Albert II]], TV newsreader [[Alastair Stewart]], as well as musician [[James Blunt]]. Radio 4 presenter [[Sue Lawley]] was a student, as were ''[[Little Britain]]'' stars [[Matt Lucas]] and [[David Walliams]],<ref>{{cite web | title =Notable alumni | publisher = Bristol University| accessdate = 2007-12-21| url=http://www.alumni.bris.ac.uk/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=190&srcid=238}}</ref> [[Simon Pegg]] (of [[Hot Fuzz]] fame) and [[Chris Morris (satirist)|Chris Morris]], creator of the controversial ''[[Brass Eye]]''. Liberal Democratic MP [[Lembit Opik]] was President of Bristol University Students' Union during his time there. For a full list of famous alumni, see [http://www.alumni.bris.ac.uk/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=190&srcid=238 Bristol University's page on notable alumni]. ==See also== *[[Education in Bristol]] == References == {{Reflist|2}} ==Further reading== *''University for Bristol: A History in Text and Pictures by Don Carleton, University of Bristol P. (October 1984), ISBN 0862922003'' *''Wills Memorial Building (University of Bristol Buildings series) by Sarah Whittingham, ISBN 086292541X '' *''How Did This Garden Grow?: The History of the Botanic Gardens of the University of Bristol by Rosalind Delany, Friends of Bristol University Botanic Garden ISBN 0954350405 '' *''Higher Education Quality Council (1993), University of Bristol, Quality Audit Report, July 1993, ISBN 1858241049 '' *''A History of Wills Hall University of Bristol (1994), University of Bristol P. ISBN 0862924219 '' *[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V68-3X5H2RT-9&_user=121739&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000010018&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=121739&md5=59fca0b07d6c6f795e887b059a9b5e7b| University students and city centres – the formation of exclusive geographies The case of Bristol, UK] Paul Chatterton, Geoforum Volume 30, Issue 2, May 1999, Pages 117-133 == External links == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} '''University and Media''' *[http://www.bristol.ac.uk/ Bristol University official website] *[http://www.ubu.org.uk/ University of Bristol Students’ Union] *[http://www.epigram.org.uk/ Bristol University Student Newspaper] *[https://www.ubu.org.uk/media/student-media/burst BURST radio] {{col-2}} '''Newspaper Profiles''' *[http://www.thegooduniversityguide.org.uk/single.htm?ipg=6496 Good University Guide] *[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/good_university_guide/article2105007.ece Times Online] *[http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/universityguide/profile/story/0,,478329,00.html Guardian] {{col-end}} {{Commonscat|University of Bristol}} {{wikiquote|University of Bristol}} {{University of Bristol}} {{Universities in the United Kingdom}} {{Education in Bristol}} {{Worldwide Universities Network|Bristol, University of}} {{Coimbra Group}} {{Russell Group}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bristol, University of}} [[Category:University of Bristol| ]] [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1909]] [[Category:Russell Group]] [[Category:Coimbra Group]] [[ar:جامعة بريستول]] [[cy:Prifysgol Bryste]] [[de:University of Bristol]] [[fr:Université de Bristol]] [[he:אוניברסיטת בריסטול]] [[ja:ブリストル大学]] [[pl:Uniwersytet w Bristolu]] [[pt:Universidade de Bristol]] [[fi:Bristolin yliopisto]] [[sv:University of Bristol]] [[tg:Донишгоҳи Бристол]] [[zh:布里斯托尔大学]]