University of Pennsylvania
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{{Otheruses4|the private [[Ivy League]] university in Philadelphia|the [[Commonwealth System of Higher Education|state-related]] university "Penn State"|Pennsylvania State University}}
{{Infobox_University
|name = University of Pennsylvania
|image = [[Image:Penn color shield.svg|150px]]
|motto = ''Leges sine moribus vanae''
|mottoeng = Laws without morals are useless
|established = [[1740]]<ref>The University officially uses 1740 as its founding date and has since 1899. The ideas and intellectual inspiration for the academic institution stem from 1749, with a pamphlet published by Benjamin Franklin. When Franklin's institution was established, it inhabited a schoolhouse built in 1740 for another school, which never came to practical fruition. Penn archivist Mark Frazier Lloyd [http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/current/2004/011504/feature8.html] notes: “In 1899, Penn’s Trustees adopted a resolution that established 1740 as the founding date, but good cases may be made for 1749, when Franklin first convened the Trustees, or 1751, when the first classes were taught, or 1755, when Penn obtained its collegiate charter." Princeton's library[http://www.princeton.edu/mudd/news/faq/topics/older.shtml] presents another, carefully nuanced view.</ref>
|type = [[Private university|Private]]
|calendar= Semester
|endowment = [[United States dollar|US $]]6.78 billion<ref>[http://www.upenn.edu/almanac/volumes/v54/n23/trustees.html 02/26/08, Trustees' Meeting Coverage - Almanac, Vol. 54, No. 23<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|president = [[Amy Gutmann]]
|city = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Philadelphia]]
|state = [[Pennsylvania]]
|undergrad = 9,710
|postgrad = 10,103
|staff = 4,603
|campus = [[urban area|Urban]], 269 [[acre]]s (1.1 [[square kilometre|km²]])
|colors =[[Gules|Red]] and [[Azure|blue]] {{color box|#990000}} {{color box|#011F5B}}
|athletics =[[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division I]]
|nickname = [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]]
|affiliations = [[Ivy League]], [[Association of American Universities|AAU]], [[The Consortium on Financing Higher Education|COFHE]]
|website = [http://www.upenn.edu/ www.upenn.edu]
|logo = [[Image:Penn fulllogo.svg|University of Pennsylvania Logo]]
}}
{{portal|Philadelphia}}
The '''University of Pennsylvania''' (also known as '''Penn''')<ref>In addition to ''Penn,'' ''U of P'' and ''Pennsylvania,'' ''UPenn'' has come into fairly common usage due to university officials establishing the domain name of the university as "upenn.edu." ''Penn'' has been used by sportswriters for at least a century, e.g. {{cite book | last = Crowther| first = Samuel| authorlink =| coauthors =| year = 1905| title = Rowing and Track Athletics| publisher =The Macmillan company| pages=85 }} [http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=LCCN05038501&id=Xg2d3cK6L9MC&num=100&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=penn+princeton+date:1900-1960]. Official emphasis on ''Penn'' began c. 1990 and intensified in 2002 with President Rodin's "One University" initiative.[http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/vnews/display.v/ART/3d48ac7827f61?in_archive=1]. The University's formal branding and usage guidelines [http://www.upenn.edu/secretary/nameuse.html], [http://www.upenn.edu/webguide/style_guide/identity.html], [http://www.business-services.upenn.edu/creativecommunications/pdf/logostyleguide.pdf] specify ''Penn'' and the "Penn-University of Pennsylvania" logo but do not explicitly deprecate ''UPenn'' or other abbreviations. The recent popularity of ''UPenn'' is probably influenced by campus email addresses which use the domain name "upenn.edu," and possibly by parallels with ''[[University of Massachusetts|UMass]]'' and ''[[University of Connecticut|UConn]]'' (which, unlike ''UPenn'', have official status and are trademarked). Daily Pennsylvanian columnist Jeff Shafer traces the origin of the "upenn" domain name to pre-Internet days, citing SAS computing head Ira Winston as saying that in the early days of email the University chose upenn.csnet, which "mimicked the University of Delaware's udel.csnet." Thus the choice of "upenn" was made when computer network names had little public visibility, and before the university decided to emphasize ''Penn'' as part of a conscious branding strategy. Shafer says the university studied the feasibility of full conversion to "penn.edu" in 2002 but decided that the costs were too high.[http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/vnews/display.v/ART/43f433d839822?in_archive=1]. ''UPenn'' is seen in college guides.[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0312341571/]. The abbreviation "U. Penn" appears in novels[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0609807919/] and in academic journal abbreviations, e.g ''U. Penn L. Rev''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0262033143/], (although the National Library of Medicine uses the abbreviation ''Univ PA'').[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=journals] "U Penn"[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0671021001/][http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0009GJNGC] and ''U-Penn''[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0008IYYZQ] are also seen.</ref><ref>"Penn" is also used regionally to refer to [[William Penn University]], a liberal arts college in Iowa: [http://www.wmpenn.edu Multi-faceted construction project on Penn campus], [http://www.wmpenn.edu/about/history/history-3.php Penn people], [http://www.oskaloosaherald.com/siteSearch/apstorysection/local_story_137114134.html Osky’s Snowbarger signs with Penn volleyball team]</ref> is a [[private university|private]] [[university]] located in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[United States|USA]]. Penn claims to be America's first university<ref name="first university">{{cite web| url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/genlhistory/firstuniv.html|title=The University of Pennsylvania: America's First University| publisher=University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania| accessdate=2006-04-29}}</ref> and is the fourth-oldest<ref>Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution. Penn, [[Princeton University|Princeton]], and [[Columbia University|Columbia]] originated within a few years of each other. In [[1899]], Penn officially changed its "founding" date from [[1749]] to [[1740]], affecting its rank. See [http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0902/thomas.html Building Penn's Brand] for the reasons why Penn did this. [[Princeton University]] implicitly challenges this[http://www.princeton.edu/main/about/history/], also claiming to be fourth. Penn was chartered in [[1755]], making it sixth-oldest chartered, behind Princeton (1746) and Columbia (1754). A Presbyterian minister operated a "Log College" in Bucks County, Pennsylvania from [[1726]] until [[1746]]; some have suggested a connection between it and the College of New Jersey (later Princeton) which would justify pushing Princeton's founding date back to [[1726]], earlier than Penn's [[1740]]. But Princeton never has done so and a Princeton historian says that "the facts do not warrant" such an interpretation. [http://etcweb1.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/log_college.html].</ref> institution of [[higher education]] in the [[United States]]. Penn is also a member of the [[Ivy League]], and is one of the [[Colonial Colleges]].
[[Benjamin Franklin]], Penn's founder, advocated an educational program that focused as much on practical education for commerce and public service as on the classics and theology. Penn was one of the first academic institutions to follow a multidisciplinary model pioneered by several European universities, concentrating several "faculties" (e.g., theology, classics, medicine) into one institution.
About 4,500 professors serve nearly 10,000 full-time undergraduate and 10,000 graduate and professional students.
In [[Fiscal year|FY]][[2007]], Penn's academic research programs undertook more than $787 million in research, involving some 4,200 faculty, 870 postdoctoral fellows, 3,800 graduate students, and 5,400 support staff. Much of the funding is provided by the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) for biomedical research.
Penn tops the [[Ivy League]] in annual spending, with a projected 2007 budget of $5.18 billion. In [[2007]], it ranked fourth among U.S. universities in fundraising, bringing in about $392.4 million in private support.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aDSe5LFAV18s Bloomberg.com: News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Penn is incorporated as ''The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania''. The university is one of 14 founding members of the [[Association of American Universities]].
==History==
[[Image:College Hall and Ben Franklin Statue.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Benjamin Franklin Statue, in front of College Hall]]
In 1740, a group of Philadelphians joined together to erect a great preaching hall for the evangelist [[George Whitefield]]. Designed and built by [[Edmund Woolley]], it was the largest building in the city and it was also planned to serve as a charity school. The fundraising, however, fell short and although the building was erected, the plans for both a chapel and the charity school were suspended. In the fall of 1749, eager to create a college to educate future generations, [[Benjamin Franklin]] circulated a pamphlet titled "Proposals for the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania," his vision for what he called a "Public Academy of Philadelphia."<ref>[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/genlhistory/brief.html A Brief History of the University, University of Pennsylvania Archives<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> However, according to Franklin's autobiography, it was in 1743 when he first drew up a proposal for establishing the academy, "thinking the Rev. Richard Peters a fit person to superintend such an institution." Unlike the other three American [[Colonial colleges]] that existed at the time — [[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[College of William and Mary|William and Mary]], and [[Yale University|Yale]] — Franklin's new school would not focus merely on education for the clergy. He advocated an innovative concept of higher education, one which would teach both the ornamental knowledge of the arts and the practical skills necessary for making a living and doing public service. The proposed program of study became the nation's first modern liberal arts curriculum.
Franklin assembled a board of trustees from among the leading citizens of [[Philadelphia]], the first such non-sectarian board in America. At the first meeting of the 24 members of the Board of Trustees ([[November 13]], [[1749]]) the issue of where to locate the school was a prime concern. Although a lot across Sixth Street from [[Independence Hall (United States)|Independence Hall]] was offered without cost by James Logan, its owner, the Trustees realized that the building erected in 1740, which was still vacant, would be an even better site. On [[February 1]], [[1750]] the new board took over the building and trusts of the old board. In 1751 the Academy, using the great hall at 4th and Arch Streets, took in its first students. A charity school also was opened in accordance with the intentions of the original "New Building" donors, although it lasted only a few years.
[[Image:Penn campus 2.jpg|300px|left|thumb|Quad in the Fall, facing Ware College House]]For its date of founding, the University uses 1740, the date of "the creation of the earliest of the many educational trusts the University has taken upon itself"<ref>Cheyney, Edward Potts. ''History of the University of Pennsylvania 1740–1940'' University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1940. pp 46–48.</ref> (the charity school mentioned above) during its existence.
The institution was known as the '''College of Philadelphia''' from 1755 to 1779. In 1779, not trusting then-provost [[Dr. William Smith|Rev. William Smith]]'s [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|loyalist]] tendencies, the revolutionary State Legislature created a '''University of the State of Pennsylvania'''.<ref>[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/penn1700s.html Penn in the 18th Century, University of Pennsylvania Archives<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The result was a schism, with [[Dr. William Smith|Rev. William Smith]] continuing to operate an attenuated version of the College of Philadelphia. In 1791 the legislature issued a new charter, merging the two institutions into the '''University of Pennsylvania''' with twelve men from each institution on the new board of trustees.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/penn1700s.html| title=Penn in the 18th Century| accessdate=2006-04-29| publisher=University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania}}</ref> These three schools were part of the same institution and were overseen by the same board of Trustees.<ref>[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/penn1700s.html Penn in the 18th Century, University of Pennsylvania Archives<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Penn has three claims to being the [[first university in the United States]], according to university archive director Mark Frazier Lloyd: founding the first medical school in America in 1765, makes it the first university ''de facto,'' while, by virtue of the 1779 charter, "no other American institution of higher learning was named ''University'' before Penn."<ref name="first university"/>Also, as previously noted, [[Harvard]], [[College of William and Mary|William and Mary]], and [[Yale]] were merely colleges dedicated to the education of the clergy.
After being located in downtown Philadelphia for more than a century, the campus was moved across the [[Schuylkill River]] to property purchased from the [[Blockley Almshouse]] in [[West Philadelphia]] in 1872, where it has since remained in an area now known as [[University City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|University City]].
===Heads of the University of Pennsylvania===
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95 percent;"
! !! Provosts of the Academy, College and University !! birth–death !! Years as provost
|-
| 1 || George Whitefield|The Rev. [[George Whitefield]] || (1714–1770) || (1740–1746) Church and Charity School of Philadelphia
|-
| 2 || [[Benjamin Franklin]] || (1706–1790) || (1749–1754) Academy of Philadelphia
|-
| 3 || The Rev. [[William Smith (Anglican priest)|William Smith]] || (1727–1803) || (1754–1779) College of Philadelphia
|-
| 4 || The Rev. John Ewing || (1732–1802) || (1779–1802) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 5 || The Rev. [[William Smith (Anglican priest)|William Smith]] || (1751–1820) || (1802–1806) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 6 || The Rev. John McDowell || (1732–1802) || (1806–1810) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 7 || The Rev. John Andrews || (1746–1813) || (1810–1813) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 8 || The Rev. Frederick Beasley || (1777–1845) || (1813–1828) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 9 || The Rev. William Heathcote DeLancey || (1797–1865) || (1828–1834) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 10 || The Rev. John Ludlow || (1793–1857) || (1834–1852) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 11 || The Rev. Henry Vethake || (1790–1866) || (1853–1859) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 13 || The Rev. Daniel Goodwin || (1811–1890) || (1860–1868) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 14 || Charles Janeway Stillé || (1819–1899) || (1868–1880) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 15 || [[William Pepper]] || (1843–1898) || (1881–1894) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 16 || [[Charles Custis Harrison]] || (1844–1929) || (1894–1910) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 17 || Edgar Fahs Smith || (1854–1928) || (1910–1920) University of Pennsylvania
|-
| 18 || Josiah Harmar Penniman || (1868–1940) || (1923–1930) University of Pennsylvania
|-
|}
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
! !! Presidents of the University of Pennsylvania !! Years as president
|-
| 1 || [[Thomas Sovereign Gates]] || (1930–1944)
|-
| 2 || George William McClelland || (1944–1948)
|-
| 3 || [[Harold Edward Stassen]] || (1948–1953)
|-
| 4 || William Hagan DuBarry || (1953–1953), Acting President
|-
| 5 || [[Gaylord Probasco Harnwell]] || (1953–1970)
|-
| 6 || [[Martin Meyerson]] || (1970–1981)
|-
| 7 || [[Sheldon Hackney]] || (1981–1993)
|-
| 8 || [[Claire Fagin]] || (1993–1994), Interim President
|-
| 9 || [[Judith Rodin]] || (1994–2004)
|-
| 10 || [[Amy Gutmann]] || (2004–Present)
|}
===Additional historical facts of the University of Pennsylvania===
[[Image:Universityofpennsylvaniacollegehall.jpeg|thumb|250px|right|College Hall and Logan Hall viewed from Woodland Ave., ca. 1892.]]
[[Image:ENIACsign.jpg|right|thumb|Sign outside the University of Pennsylvania]]
One [[President of the United States]] ([[William Henry Harrison]]); nine signers of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] ([[Benjamin Franklin]], [[James Wilson]], Benjamin Rush, George Clymer, Robert Morris, George Ross, [[Francis Hopkinson]], [[Thomas McKean]], and [[William Paca]]); eleven signers of the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] (Benjamin Franklin, [[George Washington]], [[James Wilson]], [[Thomas Mifflin]], George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, Rufus King, Gouverneur Morris, Robert Morris, and [[Hugh Williamson]]); and three [[United States Supreme Court]] justices ([[William J. Brennan, Jr.|William Brennan]], [[Owen Roberts]], and [[James Wilson]]) are associated with the University.
Penn's educational innovations include: the nation's first medical school in 1765; the first university teaching hospital in 1874; the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]], the world's first collegiate school of business, in 1881; the first American student union building, [[Houston Hall (University of Pennsylvania)|Houston Hall]], in 1896;<ref>''Building America's First University: An Historical and Architectural Guide to the University of Pennsylvania'' George E. Thomas, David Bruce Brownlee, p3</ref> the country's second school of veterinary medicine; and the home of [[ENIAC]], the world's first electronic, large-scale, general-purpose digital computer in 1946. Penn is also home to the oldest Psychology department in North America and where the [[American Medical Association]] was founded.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.psych.upenn.edu/| title=Welcome to the Department of Psychology| publisher= University of Pennsylvania| accessdate=2006-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/schools/med.html| publisher=University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania| title=History of the School of Medicine| accessdate=2006-04-29}}</ref>
===Motto===
Penn's motto is based on a line from [[Horace]]’s III.24 (Book 3, Ode 24), ''quid leges sine moribus vanae proficiunt?'' ("of what avail empty laws without [good] mores?") From 1756 to 1898, the motto read ''Sine Moribus Vanae''. When a wag pointed out that the motto could be translated as "Loose women without morals," the university quickly changed the motto to ''literae sine moribus vanae'' ("Letters without morals [are] useless"). In 1932, all elements of the seal were revised, and as part of the redesign it was decided that the new motto "mutilated" Horace, and it was changed to its present wording, ''Leges Sine Moribus Vanae'' ("Laws without morals [are] useless").<ref>{{cite journal| last=Hughes| first=Samuel| year=2002| url=http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0102/0102finals.html| title=Whiskey, Loose Women, and Fig Leaves: The University's seal has a curious history| journal=Pennsylvania Gazette| volume=100| issue=3}}</ref>
===Colors===
The official school colors are red with hex value 990000, and blue with hex value 011F5B.<ref>[http://www.upenn.edu/webguide/style_guide/color.html Penn: Web Style Guide: Color Values<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In printed materials they are PMS 201 red and PMS
288 blue.<ref>http://www.business-services.upenn.edu/publicationservices/pdf/logostyleguide.pdf</ref>
==Academics==
===Undergraduate programs===
The University of Pennsylvania has four undergraduate schools:[[Image:PENN 043.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Lower Quad in Winter, from Riepe College House]]
* [[The School of Arts & Sciences]]
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science|The School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS)]]
* The School of Nursing
* [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|The Wharton School]]
The College of Arts & Sciences is the undergraduate division of the School of Arts and Sciences, which also contains the Graduate Division and the College of General Studies, Penn's division for non-traditional undergraduate and graduate students.
Penn has a strong focus on interdisciplinary learning and research. It emphasizes [[University of Pennsylvania#Joint-degree and interdisciplinary programs|joint degree programs]], unique majors and academic flexibility. Penn's One University policy allows undergraduates access to courses at all of Penn's undergraduate and graduate schools, excepting the medical and dental schools.
Undergraduate students at Penn may also take courses at area colleges participating in the Quaker consortium, including [[Swarthmore College|Swarthmore]], [[Haverford College|Haverford]], and [[Bryn Mawr College|Bryn Mawr]].
One of the most well known guest professors at Penn is the actor [[Kal Penn]] who taught a very popular class at the University of Pennsylvania.
===Graduate and professional schools===
The following schools offer graduate programs:[[Image:PennDentalSchool.jpg|thumb|300px|right|University of Pennsylvania Dental School]]
* [[Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania|Annenberg School for Communication]]
* [[University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education|Graduate School of Education]]
* [[University of Pennsylvania Law School|Law School]]
* Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine|School of Dental Medicine]]
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Design|School of Design]] (Formerly the Graduate School of Fine Arts)
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science|School of Engineering and Applied Science]]
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine|School of Medicine]]
* School of Nursing
* School of Social Policy & Practice
* School of Veterinary Medicine
* [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|The Wharton School]]
===Joint-degree and interdisciplinary programs===
Penn offers specialized joint-degree programs, which award candidates degrees from multiple schools at the University upon completion of graduation criteria of both schools. Undergraduate programs include:
* [[The Jerome Fisher Program in Management and Technology]]
* [[The Huntsman Program in International Studies and Business]]
* [[Nursing and Health Care Management]]
* [[Vagelos Program in Life Sciences and Management|The Roy and Diana Vagelos Program in Life Sciences and Management]]
* Civic Scholars Program<ref>[http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/article.php?id=1056|Penn Launches Civic Scholars Program: Four Years of Community Service, Leadership and Research]</ref>
Dual Degree programs which lead to the same multiple degrees without participation in the specific above programs are also available. Unlike joint-degree programs, "dual degree" students fulfill requirements of both programs independently without involvement of another program. Specialized Dual Degree programs include [[Liberal Studies and Technology]] as well as a Computer and Cognitive Science Program. Both programs award a degree from the College of Arts and Science and a degree from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.
For graduate programs, there are many formalized joint degree graduate programs such as a joint J.D./MBA. Penn is also the home to interdisciplinary institutions such as the Institute for Medicine and Engineering, the Joseph H. Lauder Institute for Management and International Studies, the Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and the Executive Master's in Technology Management Program.
===Academic Medical Center and Biomedical Research Complex===
Penn's health-related programs - including the Schools of Nursing, Medicine, Dental Medicine, and Veterinary Medicine, and programs in bioengineering (School of Engineering) and health management (the Wharton School) - are among the university's strongest academic components. The combination of intellectual breadth, research funding (each of the health sciences schools ranks in the top 5 in annual NIH funding), clinical resources and overall scale ranks Penn with only a small handful of peer universities in the U.S.
The size of Penn's biomedical research organization, however, adds a very capital intensive component to the university's operations, and introduces revenue instability due to changing government regulations, reduced Federal funding for research, and [[Medicaid]]/[[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] program changes. This is a primary reason highlighted in bond rating agencies' views on Penn's overall financial rating, which ranks one notch below its academic peers. Penn has worked to address these issues by pooling its schools (as well as several hospitals and clinical practices) into the University of Pennsylvania Health System, thereby pooling resources for greater efficiencies and research impact.
===Admissions selectivity===
Penn is one of the most selective universities in the United States. The university received a total of 22,634 applications for the Class of 2011 entering in the fall of 2007; Penn admitted only 15.9 percent of those applicants, representing its most selective admissions year in history. The College of Arts and Sciences itself had an about 11 percent acceptance rate. For comparison, in recent years, Penn has received 18,000–20,000 applications for each freshman class, has admitted 20–25 percent of applications and yielded 60–67 percent of its extended offers. Further, Penn consistently ranks among the 10 toughest schools to get into, according to the Princeton Review.<ref>[http://encarta.msn.com/college_article_tentoughestschools/the_most_competitive_admissions.html]</ref>
At the graduate level, Penn's admissions rates—like most universities'—vary considerably based on school and program. Based on admission statistics from ''U.S. News'', Penn's most selective programs include its law school, the health care schools (medicine, dental medicine, nursing), and its business school.
==Rankings==
''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranked Penn #5 for undergraduate education in 2008, fourth in the Ivy League behind Princeton, Harvard, and Yale.<ref>[http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1natudoc_brief.php USNews.com: America's Best Colleges 2008: National Universities: Top Schools<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Penn was previously ranked #4 by ''U.S. News'' in 2005 and sixth in 2006. Additionally, according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities, an often cited ranking compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Penn is the 15th best University in the world.<ref>http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2007/ARWU2007_Top100.htm</ref> ''[[Newsweek]]'' in 2006 ranked Penn the 13th most global university, fourth in the Ivy League school behind Harvard, Yale, and Columbia.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14321230/site/newsweek/ The Top 100 Global Universities - Newsweek: International Editions - MSNBC.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The Center for Measuring University Performance ranks Penn in its top cluster of research universities in the nation tied with Columbia, Harvard, MIT and Stanford universities.<ref>http://mup.asu.edu/research2006.pdf</ref>
In 2007, ''[[The Washington Monthly]]'' published a unique ranking that focused on universities' contributions to national service (Research: total research spending, Ph.D.s granted in science and engineering; Community Service: the number of students in ROTC, Peace Corps, etc.; and Social Mobility: percentage of, and support for, Pell grant recipients); Penn ranked 17th overall, and 4th among private institutions behind Cornell, Stanford and MIT.<ref>[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2007/0709.collegeguide.html 2007 College Guide<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
[[Image:Logan Hall EnterFront.JPG|260px|left|thumb|Logan Hall, home of The College of Arts and Sciences and former home of The Wharton School]]
===Undergraduate programs===
In the humanities and arts, the departments of [[African American Studies]], [[anthropology]], [[art history]], [[biology]], [[communication]]s, [[demography]], [[English studies|English]], [[economics]], [[French language|French]], [[history]], [[political science]], [[psychology]], [[sociology]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], and [[urban studies]] are also extremely well regarded. At the undergraduate level, Penn's business and nursing schools have maintained their #1, 2 or 3 rankings since ''[[U.S. News]]'' began reviewing such programs. [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton]]'s undergraduate program has been ranked number one by ''[[BusinessWeek]]'' also. In the School of Engineering, top departments are [[bioengineering]] (typically ranked in the top 5 by ''[[U.S. News]]''), [[chemical engineering]], [[mechanical engineering]] and nanotechnology. The school is also strong in select areas of computer science and artificial intelligence.
===Graduate and professional programs===
Penn's graduate schools are among the most distinguished schools in their respective fields. Penn's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences is generally regarded as one of the top schools in the nation (see 1995 rankings by the National Research Council). A study updated the NRC rankings and adjusted them for faculty size and also factored out reputational surveys (stating that such surveys were lagging indicators of actual academic quality). That study, titled, "The Rise of American Research Universities: Elites and Challengers in the Postwar Era", ranked Penn's arts, humanities and sciences departments seventh in the US.
Among its professional schools, the schools of business ([[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]]), architecture and urban planning (School of Design), communications ([[Annenberg School for Communication]]), medicine ([[University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine|School of Medicine]]), dentistry, nursing and veterinary medicine rank in the top five nationally (see ''U.S. News'', National Research Council, Planetizen, DesignIntelligence magazines). Penn's [[University of Pennsylvania Law School|law school]] and [[criminology]] program are ranked seventh and the social work and education schools are ranked in the top twelve (U.S. News).
Penn participates in the [http://www.naicu.edu/ National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities] ([[NAICU]])'s [[University and College Accountability Network (U-CAN)]].
==Campus==
[[Image:Foliage at Penn 2005 035.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Overlooking Lower Quad from Upper Quad]]
Much of Penn's architecture was designed by [[Cope & Stewardson]]. The two architects combined the [[Gothic architecture]] of the [[University of Oxford]] and the [[University of Cambridge]], retaining some of their classical elements, with the local landscape to establish the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Collegiate Gothic]] style. The present core campus covers over 269 acres (~1 km²) in a contiguous area of western Philadelphia's [[University City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|University City]] district. All of Penn's schools and most of its research institutes are located on this campus. Recent improvements to the surrounding neighborhood includes the opening of several restaurants, a large upscale grocery store, and a movie theater on the western edge of campus.
Penn recently acquired approximately 35 acres of land located between the campus and the Schuylkill River (the former site of the [[Philadelphia Civic Center]] and a nearby 24-acre site owned by the [[United States Postal Service]]), which will be redeveloped for expanded educational, research, [[Biomedical engineering|biomedical]], and [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use]] facilities over the next ten years.
[[Image:UQG.jpg|thumb|350px|left|Upper Quad Gate.]]
The postal site extends from Market Street on the north to Penn's Bower Field on the south. It encompasses the main U.S. Postal Building at 30th and Market Streets (the retail post office at the east end of the building will remain open), the Postal Annex between Chestnut Street and Walnut Street, the Vehicle Maintenance Facility Garage along Chestnut Street and the 14 acres of surface parking south of Walnut Street. Acquisition of the Postal Lands, which became official in 2007, will allow Penn to create new connections between the campus and the city, including a pedestrian bridge, and provide additional space for research, teaching, housing, and retail.
In addition to its properties in [[West Philadelphia]], the University owns the 92-acre [[Morris Arboretum]] in [[Chestnut Hill]] in northwestern [[Philadelphia]], the official arboretum of the state of [[Pennsylvania]]. Penn also owns the {{convert|687|acre|km2|sing=on}} [[New Bolton Center]], the research and large-animal health care center of its Veterinary School. New Bolton Center received nationwide media attention when [[Kentucky Derby]] winner [[Barbaro]] underwent surgery at its Widener Hospital for injuries suffered while running in the [[Preakness Stakes]]. It is located near [[Kennett Square, Pennsylvania]].
Penn borders [[Drexel University]] and is near the [[University of the Sciences in Philadelphia]] (USP). Also nearby is the [[University City High School (Philadelphia)|University City High School]].
===Libraries===<!-- This section is linked from [[NeXT]] -->
[[Image:FisherFineArtsLibrary.JPG|thumb|280px|right|[[Fisher Fine Arts Library]], also referred to as the Furness Library or simply the Fine Arts Library]]
Penn's library began in 1750 with a donation of books from cartographer [[Louis Evans]]. Twelve years later, then-provost [[William Smith (Anglican priest)|William Smith]] sailed to England to raise additional funds to increase the collection size. More than 250 years later, it has grown into a system of 15 libraries (13 are on the contiguous campus) with 400 FTE employees and a total operating budget of more than $48 million. The library system holds 5.7 million book and serial volumes. It subscribes to 44,000 print serials and e-journals.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://metrics.library.upenn.edu/prototype/datafarm/| title=Penn Library Data Farm| accessdate=2006-04-29}}</ref>
Penn's Libraries, with associated school or subject area:
*Annenberg (School of Communications), located in the Annenberg School
*Biddle (Law), located in the Law School
*Biomedical, located adjacent to the Robert Wood Johnson Pavilion of the Medical School
*Center for Advanced Judaic Studies, located on Walnut Street at Washington Square
*Chemistry, located in the 1973 Wing of the Chemistry Building
*Dental
*Engineering
*Fine Arts, located within the [[Fisher Fine Arts Library]], designed by [[Frank Furness]].
*Lippincott (Wharton School), located on the second floor of the Van Pelt-Dietrich Library Center
*Math/Physics/Astronomy, located on the third floor of David Rittenhouse Laboratory
*Museum (Anthropology)
*Rare Books and Manuscripts
*Van Pelt-Dietrich Library Center (Humanities and Social Sciences)
*Lea Library, located within the Van Pelt Library
*Veterinary
*High Density Storage
===The University Museum===
{{main|University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology}}
The University Museum, as it is commonly called, was founded in 1887. During the early twentieth century UPM conducted some of the first and most important archaeological and anthropological expeditions to Egypt, Mesopotamia, Africa, East Asia and South America, thus the collection includes a very large number of antiquities from ancient Egypt and the Middle East. Its most famous object is the goat rearing into the branches of a rosette-leafed plant, from the [[Ur III|royal tombs of Ur]]. The Museum also has a strong collection of Chinese artifacts. Features of its [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] building include a dramatic [[rotunda]] and gardens that include Egyptian [[papyrus]]. UPM's scientific division, MASCA, focuses on the application of modern scientific techniques to aid the interpretation of archaeological contexts.
The [[Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia|Institute of Contemporary Art]] based on Penn's campus, showcases various exhibitions of art throughout the year.
===Residences===
*Stouffer College House
*Fisher Hassenfeld College House
*Rodin College House (formerly Hamilton College House)
*Harrison College House
*Harnwell College House
*Hill College House
*DuBois College House
*Gregory College House
*Kings Court English College House
*Ware College House
*Riepe College House
*Sansom Place East / West
==Student life==
{{main|Student life at the University of Pennsylvania}}
[[Image:Winter Penn 010.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Locust Walk lit up during the winter season]]
Of those accepted for admission to the Class of 2009, 39.2 percent are Asian, Hispanic, African, or Native American. Women comprise 51.3 percent of all students currently enrolled. A total of 2,440 international students applied for admission to Penn's undergraduate schools for the Class of 2008, and 489 (20%) were accepted. More than 13% of the first year class are international students. Of the international students accepted to the Class of 2008, 15.8% were from Africa and the Middle East, 48.1% from Asia, 0.4% from Australia and the Pacific, 11.7% from Canada and Mexico, 10% from Central/South America and the Caribbean, and 14.1% from Europe. Penn had 4,192 international students enrolled at all levels in Fall 2004.
[[Image:TheCastle.jpg|thumb|275px|right|The Castle on 36th and Locust.]]
The [[Philomathean Society of the University of Pennsylvania]], founded in 1813, is the oldest continually-existing student group in the United States. The ''[[Daily Pennsylvanian]]'' has been published since 1885, and is among the top college papers in the country, regularly winning [[National Pacemaker Awards|Pacemaker]] and [[Columbia Scholastic Press Association|CSPA]] [[Gold Circle]] awards. The [[Pennsylvania Punch Bowl]] is one of the nation's oldest and most acclaimed humor magazines. The student-run TV station UTV13 is the oldest college TV station in the country. The [[University of Pennsylvania Glee Club]] is one of the oldest continually-operating collegiate choruses in the United States, having been founded in 1862. The [[Mask and Wig|Mask and Wig Club]] is the oldest all-male musical comedy troupe in the country.
The University's Political Science Department is known for publishing a semesterly scholarly journal of undergraduate research called "Sound Politicks." The journal is student-run and is widely noted for the originality and quality of the articles it publishes. It accepts submissions from Penn students year round. There are many such journals across the university.
[[The University of Pennsylvania Band]] has been a fixture of student life on campus since 1897. The Penn Band performs at football and basketball games as well as University functions throughout the year and has a current membership of approximately 80 students. Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as [[commencement]] and [[convocation]], and athletic games are: ''Fight On Pennsylvania.''
Penn's reputation as the 'social ivy' stems from the work hard, party hard ethics of students.<ref>[http://media.www.34st.com/media/storage/paper1076/news/2008/04/24/Feature/BottomsDown-3346882.shtml Bottoms-Down - feature<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==Athletics==
[[Image:Quakers.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Athletic Logo]]
The first athletic team at Penn was its cricket team.<ref>Kieran, John (1932), "Sports of the Times," The [[New York Times]], [[October 8]], [[1932]], p. 22.</ref> In the sport of football, "Penn first fielded a team against Princeton at the [[Germantown Cricket Club]] in [[Philadelphia]] on [[November 11]], [[1876]].<ref>[[Rottenberg, Dan]] (1985) "Fight On, Pennsylvania" Trustees of University of Pennsylvania pg. 25.</ref>
Penn's sports teams are called the Quakers. They participate in the [[Ivy League]] and [[Division I]] (Division I FCS for football) in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]. In recent decades they often have been league champions in football (12 times from [[1982]] to [[2003]]) and basketball (22 times from [[1970]] to [[2006]]). Penn football made many contributions to the sport in its early days. During the 1890s Penn's famed coach George Woodruff introduced the quarternick kick, a forerunner of the forward pass, as well as the place-kick from scrimmage and the delayed pass. In 1894, 1895, 1897 and 1904 Penn was generally regarded the national champion of collegiate football.<ref>[[Rottenberg, Dan]] (1985) "Fight On, Pennsylvania" Trustees of University of Pennsylvania pg. 28, 33–34.</ref> The achievements of two of Penn's outstanding players from that era—[[John Heisman]] and [[John Outland]]—are remembered each year with the presentation of the [[Heisman Trophy]] to the most outstanding college football player of the year and the [[Outland Trophy]] to the most outstanding college football interior lineman of the year.[[Image:FranklinFieldPenn.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Franklin Field]] Each year the Chuck Bednarik Award is given to college football's best defensive player; Chuck (Penn class of 1949) was the NFL's last 60 minute man.
[[Penn Quakers men's basketball|Penn basketball]] is steeped in tradition. Penn made its only (and the [[Ivy League]]'s second) [[Final Four]] appearance in 1979, where the Quakers lost to the [[Magic Johnson]]-led Michigan State Spartans in Salt Lake City. (Dartmouth twice finished second in the tournament in the 1940s, but that was before the beginning of formal League play). Penn is also is one of the teams in the [[Philadelphia Big 5|Big Five]], along with [[La Salle University|La Salle]], [[Saint Joseph's University|Saint Joseph's]], [[Temple University|Temple]] and [[Villanova University|Villanova]].[[Image:The Palestra.JPG|thumb|250px|left|The Palestra, "Cathedral of Basketball"]]
Penn's home court, the [[Palestra]], is an arena used for [[Big Five]] contests as well as high-school sporting events. The [[Palestra]] has hosted more NCAA Tournament basketball games than any other facility. [[Franklin Field]], where the Quakers play football, hosts the annual collegiate [[track and field]] event "the [[Penn Relays]]," and once was the home field of the [[National Football League|National Football League's]] [[Philadelphia Eagles]]. It was also the site of the early [[Army-Navy Game|Army-Navy]] football games. [[Franklin Field]], the oldest stadium still operating for football games, was also the home to the first commercially-televised football game, and was also the first stadium to sport two tiers. Franklin field is featured prominently as the Stadium in the [[M._Night_Shyamalan|M. Night Shyamalan's]] film [[Unbreakable_(film)|Unbreakable]]. On November 17, 2002, ESPN [[College GameDay]] traveled to Penn to highlight the Harvard-Penn game that day, the first time the popular college football show has visited an [[Ivy League]] campus. In 2004, Penn Men's Rugby won the [[EPRU]] championship. In 2007, the Men's Basketball team won their third consecutive Ivy League title, then lost in the first round of the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] to Texas A&M.
==Notable people==
[[Image:Benjamin Franklin statue in front of College Hall.JPG|thumb|This statue of [[Benjamin Franklin]] donated by [[Justus C. Strawbridge]] to the City of [[Philadelphia]] in 1899 now sits in front of [[College Hall (University of Pennsylvania)|College Hall]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Ceremonies Attending the Unveiling of the Statue of Benjamin Franklin |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GOYEAAAAYAAJ&dq=justus+c+strawbridge&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=5rJt2PC74w&sig=GKOe-m80dabdqrQ2ITjk1ABAKeY#PPA1,M1 |accessdate=2007-11-24|last=Strawbridge |first=Justus C. |publisher=Allen, Lane
& Scott}}</ref>]]
{{see also|List of University of Pennsylvania people}}
Some noted University of Pennsylvania alumni include the ninth President of the United States, [[William Henry Harrison]],<ref>William Henry Harrison, Ohio History Central Online Encyclopedia[http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=190]: "At his father’s insistence, [he] studied medicine from 1790 to 1791 at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Upon his father’s death in 1791, Harrison immediately joined the United States Army."</ref> real estate mogul [[Donald Trump]], CEO and investor [[Warren Buffett]],<ref>Warren Buffett, the world's richest man; he attended for a year before transferring to the University of Nebraska)</ref> [[Cisco Systems]] co-founder [[Len Bosack]], linguist and activist [[Noam Chomsky]], poets [[Ezra Pound]] and [[William Carlos Williams]], American industrialist [[Jon Huntsman, Sr.]], Utah Governor [[Jon Huntsman, Jr.]], philanthropist [[Walter Annenberg]], [[E. Digby Baltzell]] who is credited with the acronym [[White Anglo-Saxon Protestant|WASP]], [[U.S. Supreme Court]] Justice [[William J. Brennan]], [[Drew Gilpin Faust]], first woman president of [[Harvard University]], athlete and coach [[John Heisman]], cartoonist [[Charles Addams]], recording artist [[John Legend]], and numerous other past and present U.S. Ambassadors, members of Congress, governors, [[U. S. Cabinet|Cabinet]] members, corporate leaders, and signers of both the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] and the [[Constitution of the United States]].
==Controversy==
The university has come under fire several times in recent years for free speech issues. In spite of this, Penn is one of only two Ivy League universities (the other being [[Dartmouth College]]) to receive the highest possible free speech rating from the watchdog group [[Foundation for Individual Rights in Education]], founded by noted Penn professor and civil libertarian [[Alan Charles Kors]].
{{see also|University of Pennsylvania controversy}}
==Selected Penn publications==
*[http://dailypennsylvanian.com Daily Pennsylvanian] - The independent, student-run newspaper of the University of Pennsylvania
*[http://firstcallmagazine.com/ First Call Magazine] - Penn's Undergraduate Magazine
*[http://repository.upenn.edu/curej/ CUREJ] - College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal
*[http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu Knowledge@Wharton] - online business journal of the Wharton School
*[http://www.pennscience.org/ PennScience] - undergraduate science research journal
*[http://writing.upenn.edu/critical/res/ Res] - undergraduate journal of research writing
*[http://www.ssc.upenn.edu/polisci/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=28&Itemid=41 Sound Politicks] - undergraduate political science journal
*[http://www.penntriangle.com Penn Triangle] - science and technology magazine, a student-run SEAS publication
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:UPennQuad006.jpg|The Quad Dormitories
Image:TheQuadToweratPenn.JPG|The Quad Tower
Image:TheCastleatPenn.JPG|The Castle
Image:QuadTowerSpruce.JPG|Riepe College House
Image:FurnessLibraryInner.JPG|The Furness Library
Image:WoodlandQuadUpper.JPG|The Quad Dormitories
Image:WareQuadStairMcC.JPG|The Quad Dormitories
Image:QuadCourtYardA.jpg|The Quad Courtyard
Image:ReipeCollegeHouse.JPG|Riepe College House
Image:EngineeringBuildingatPenn.JPG|Hayden Hall
Image:CollegeGreenWinter.JPG|College Green in Winter
Image:PennLawSchoolA.jpg|Law School
Image:Irvine.JPG|Irvine Auditorium
Image:Silverman_Hall_(School_of_Law).JPG|Silverman Hall, Penn Law School
Image:Penn campus 6.jpg|High-rise dorms, St. Mary's church in the foreground
Image:Penn campus 8.jpg|Exterior of the Fisher Fine Arts Library
Image:LeaLibrary.jpg|The Henry Charles Lea Library, located in Van Pelt Library
Image:CollegeLoganHouston.jpg|Perelman Quadrangle
Image:Fisher-Bennett_Hall.JPG|Fisher-Bennett Hall
Image:University of Pennsylvania seal 1894.svg|University Seal of 1894
</gallery>
==See also==
*[[The University of Pennsylvania Glee Club]]
*[[Penn Singers]]
*[[Wistar Institute]]
*[[Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia]]
*[[Van Pelt Library]]
*[[Fels Institute of Government]]
*[[Philomathean Society]], the nation's oldest continually-existing literary society
*[[The University of Pennsylvania Band]]
*[[WQHS Radio]], the only student-run campus radio station
*[[WXPN]], Penn's radio station and the home of [[NPR]]'s [[World Cafe]]
*[http://www.grasp.upenn.edu/ General Robotics Automation Sensing and Perception Lab] ([[GRASP Lab]]), a leading research center for robotics and related technologies
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commonscat|University of Pennsylvania}}
*[http://www.upenn.edu/ Official website]
{{Geolinks-US-streetscale|39.953885|-75.193048}}
{{Penn}}
{{Ivy League}}
{{Big 5}}
{{Association of American Universities}}
{{Colleges and universities in metropolitan Philadelphia}}
{{Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges}}
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania| ]]
[[Category:Ivy League]]
[[Category:Association of American Universities]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Philadelphia]]
[[Category:Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools]]
[[Category:Colonial colleges]]
[[Category:1740 establishments]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1740s]]
[[Category:Registered Historic Places in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Gothic Revival architecture]]
[[Category:Eastern Pennsylvania Rugby Union]]
[[Category:Education in Philadelphia]]
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