University of Pittsburgh
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{{Infobox University|
image=[[Image:PittSeal detailed.gif|University of Pittsburgh Seal]]
|name='''University of Pittsburgh'''
|motto= ''Veritas et Virtus'' ([[Latin]])
|mottoeng= Truth and Virtue
|tagline= "Leader in education, pioneer in research, partner in regional development"
|established= [[February 28]], [[1787]]
|type=[[Commonwealth System of Higher Education|State-related]]<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.pdehighered.state.pa.us/higher/cwp/view.asp?A=6&Q=41016
| title= PA Higher/Adult Ed.: State-Related Universities
|date=03 |year=2008 |month=04 |format= |work= |publisher= Pennsylvania Department of Education
| accessdate= 2008-07-06 }}</ref>
|endowment=[[United States dollar|US $]]2.254 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]]<ref>{{cite web | title=2007 NACUBO Endowment Study | year=2008 | url=http://www.nacubo.org/Images/All%20Institutions%20Listed%20by%20FY%202007%20Market%20Value%20of%20Endowment%20Assets_2007%20NES.pdf | publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers}}</ref>
|chancellor=[[Mark Nordenberg]]
|provost=James V. Maher
|city=[[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]]
|state=[[Pennsylvania]]
|country=[[United States|USA]]
|students=27,020<ref name="factbook">{{cite web | title=University of Pittsburgh Fact Book 2008 | year=2008 | publisher=University of Pittsburgh | url=http://www.ir.pitt.edu/factbook/fbweb08/fb08.pdf | format= [[PDF]] | accessdate=2008-03-07}}</ref>
|undergrad= 17,208<ref name="factbook"/>
|postgrad=9,812<ref name="factbook"/>
|faculty=4,485<ref name="factbook"/>
|staff=6,495<ref name="factbook"/>
|campus=[[Urban area|Urban]]
|colors=Blue and Gold {{color box|#002b5e}} {{color box|#cdb87c}}
|nickname =Pitt
|mascot=[[Panthers of Pittsburgh|Panther]] [[Image:PittSecondaryPantherHead.jpg|30px]]
|athletics = [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division I]]<br />[[Big East Conference|Big East]], [[Eastern Wrestling League|EWL]], [[East Atlantic Gymnastics League|EAGL]]<br/>[[Pittsburgh Panthers|17 varsity teams]]
|affiliations=[[Association of American Universities|AAU]], [[NASULGC]], [[EDUCAUSE]], [[Oak Ridge Associated Universities|ORAU]]
|website=[http://www.pitt.edu/ www.pitt.edu]
|logo = [[Image:PittPanthers.png|center|100px|Pitt Logo]]
|publictransit = [[Port Authority of Allegheny County]]
|}}
[[Image:CathedralLawn1.jpg|thumb|350px|right|A view of the [[Cathedral of Learning]] on Pitt's campus.]]
The '''University of Pittsburgh''', commonly referred to as '''Pitt''', is a non-sectarian, coeducational, independent, [[Commonwealth System of Higher Education|state-related]], "public"<ref>Upon joining the [[Commonwealth System of Higher Education]] in 1966, the University of Pittsburgh remained legally a private entity and, in practice, retained the freedom and individuality of a private institution, both administratively and academically. It sets its own standards for student admission and retention, faculty, and teaching. Its assets remain in the hands of the corporation, its employees are employed by the corporation, and its affairs continue to be governed by an independent Board of Trustees.<sup>''A''</sup> In-state tuition is subsidized by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and, overall, the state provides approximately 11% of its annual operating budget.<sup>''B''</sup> The University of Pittsburgh is categorized as a [[public university]] in the [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|Carnegie Foundation Classifications]]<sup>''C''</sup> and is typically listed as a public university in third party publications.<sup>''D''</sup> For simplification, Pitt sometimes refers to itself a "public university".<br>
:<sup>''A''</sup> {{cite book | url = http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs&cc=pittmiscpubs&idno=00c50130m&node=00c50130m%3A9&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=363
| last = Alberts
| first = Robert C.
| title = Pitt: The Story of the University of Pittsburgh 1787–1987
| pages = p. 343
| year = 1987
| id = ISBN 0-8229-1150-7
| publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press }}<br>
:<sup>''B''</sup> {{cite web
| url= http://www.news.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-lay=a&-format=d.html&id=3379&-Find
| title= University of Pittsburgh Trustees Approve 2008-09 Budget, Set Tuition Rates
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= 08-07-11 |year= |month= |pages= |publisher= University of Pittsburgh: News From Pitt
| accessdate= 2008-07-15 }}<br>
:<sup>''C''</sup> {{cite web
| url= http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/sub.asp?key=748&subkey=16063&start=782
| title= Classifications: University of Pittsburgh-Main Campus
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= |year= |month= |pages= |publisher= The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
| accessdate= 2008-07-15 }}<br>
:<sup>''D''</sup> {{cite web
| url= http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drglance_3379_brief.php
| title= America's Best Colleges 2008: University of Pittsburgh: At a glance
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= |year= |month= |pages= |publisher= USNews.com
| accessdate= 2008-07-15 }}<br></ref> research [[university]] located in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[United States]]. Chartered in 1787, Pitt is a renowned leader in academic fields as diverse as philosophy and medicine, and is well known for pioneering work in the development of the first [[University of Pittsburgh History#The Pitt shot|Polio vaccine]], among other achievements.
Founded as Pittsburgh Academy in 1787 on what was then the American frontier, Pitt is one of the oldest continuously chartered institutions of higher education in the United States. Pitt evolved into the Western University of Pennsylvania with an alteration to its charter in 1819, and upon relocating to its current campus in the [[Oakland (Pittsburgh)|Oakland]] neighborhood of Pittsburgh in 1908, the school received its current moniker, the University of Pittsburgh. For most of its history, Pitt was a private institution until it became part of the [[Commonwealth System of Higher Education]] in 1966.<ref>{{ cite book | url = http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs;cc=pittmiscpubs;rgn=full%20text;idno=00c50130m;didno=00c50130m;view=image;seq=0021;node=00c50130m%3A7
| last = Alberts
| first = Robert C.
| title = Pitt: The Story of the University of Pittsburgh 1787–1987
| pages = book One; p. 1
| year = 1987
| id = ISBN 0-8229-1150-7
| publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press }}</ref>
Pitt's dramatic rise from its humble frontier beginnings to its current stature is due in part to its ability to withstand early pressures to abandon its commitment to liberal education.<ref>{{ cite book | url = http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs&cc=pittmiscpubs&idno=00c50130m&node=00c50130m%3A8&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=37
| last = Alberts
| first = Robert C.
| title = Pitt: The Story of the University of Pittsburgh 1787–1987
| pages = book One; p. 17
| year = 1987
| id = ISBN 0-8229-1150-7
| publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | url = http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs&cc=pittmiscpubs&idno=00c50130m&node=00c50130m%3A8&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=83
| last = Alberts
| first = Robert C.
| title = Pitt: The Story of the University of Pittsburgh 1787–1987
| pages = book One; p. 63
| year = 1987
| id = ISBN 0-8229-1150-7
| publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press }}</ref> Along the way Pitt has achieved strong reputations in a myriad of academic disciplines including philosophy, physics, astronomy, history of science, creative writing, chemistry, business, biological sciences, jazz, engineering, education, international studies, and a variety of medical and health sciences.<ref>[http://www.stat.tamu.edu/~jnewton/nrc_rankings/nrc41.html NRC Rankings in 41 Areas]</ref> In 2006 Pitt was placed in the top cluster of 7 leading U.S. public research universities and among the clusters comprising the overall top 26 research universities<ref>{{Citation
| editor-last = Lombardi
| editor-first = John
| editor2-last = Capaldi
| editor2-first = Elizabeth
| editor3-last = Abbey
| editor3-first = Craig
| title = The Top American Research Universities: 2006 Annual Report
| year = 2006
| pages = 8 & 16
| place = Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| publisher = TheCenter for Measuring University Performance
| url = http://mup.asu.edu/research2006.pdf
| accessdate = 2008-04-03}}</ref>, was ranked in ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'''s top 20 public universities,<ref name="usnews2007brief">{{cite web | url = http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1natudoc_brief.php | title = America's Best Colleges 2007 | work = [[U.S. News & World Report]] | year = 2007 | accessdate = 2007-06-18 }}</ref> and has also been recognized as one of the top universities in the world by multiple studies.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14321230/site/newsweek/ | title = The Complete List: The Top 100 Global Universities | work = [[Newsweek]] | date = [[2006-08-10]] | accessdate = 2007-06-18 }}</ref><ref>[http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2006/ARWU2006_Top100.htm Top 100 World Universities]</ref><ref>[http://www.ui.edu/indonesia/extra/tabelqs.pdf THES Top 520 World Universities]</ref> Pitt regularly produces internationally recognized scholarship and fellowship award winners.<ref>[http://www.umc.pitt.edu/chancellor/publications/2006ChancellorReport.pdf 2006 Pitt Chancellor Report]</ref>
One of 62 elected members of the [[Association of American Universities]], Pitt is among the top universities in total research expenditures and is a top 10 school in National Institute of Health research allocations, bringing in over $430 million a year for biomedical and health science research alone.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=issueid%3a%3aissuedate&-sortorder=descend&keywords=NIH&-max=50&-recid=38849&-find= | title = University Times | date [[2006-09-14]] | accessdate = 2007-10-31 }}</ref> Pitt and its [[University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine|medical school]] are also closely affiliated with the [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center]], a leading academic medical center and the most active organ transplant center in the [[United States]]. These resources have propelled Pitt to a leadership role in, among other fields, [[stem cell]] science, [[bioterrorism]] defense, and [[tissue engineering]].
Pitt is popularly recognized for its [[National landmark|National Landmark]] centerpiece building, the [[Cathedral of Learning]] (at {{convert|535|ft|m}}, the tallest educational building in the [[Western Hemisphere]]); for its central role in developing the first polio vaccine;<ref>{{ cite book | url = http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs;cc=pittmiscpubs;rgn=full%20text;idno=00c50130m;didno=00c50130m;view=image;seq=0230;node=00c50130m%3A24
| last = Alberts
| first = Robert C.
| title = Pitt: The Story of the University of Pittsburgh 1787–1987
| pages = book One; p. 210
| year = 1987
| id = ISBN 0-8229-1150-7
| publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press }}</ref> and for fielding nationally competitive [[NCAA Division 1]] [[Pittsburgh Panthers|athletic programs]].
==History of the University==
[[Image:brackenridge.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Hugh Henry Brackenridge]], founder of Pittsburgh Academy in 1787, was a fiery revolutionary, an early supporter of the [[U.S. Constitution]], and is considered America's first novelist.]]
{{main|History of the University of Pittsburgh}}
===The Founding===
Founded by [[Hugh Henry Brackenridge]] as '''Pittsburgh Academy''' in 1787, the University of Pittsburgh is among a select group of universities and colleges established in the 18th century in the [[United States]]. It is the oldest continuously chartered institution of learning in the U.S., west of the [[Allegheny Mountains]].<ref>{{ cite book | url = http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs&cc=pittmiscpubs&idno=00c50130m&node=00c50130m%3A51&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=509
| last = Alberts | first = Robert C.
| title = Pitt: The Story of the University of Pittsburgh 1787–1987
| pages = Appendix A; p. 453
| year = 1987
| id = ISBN 0-8229-1150-7
| publisher = [[University of Pittsburgh Press]] }}</ref> The school began its life as a preparatory school, presumably in a [[Log Cabin (University of Pittsburgh)|log cabin]], as early as 1770 in Western Pennsylvania, then a frontier. Hugh Henry Brackenridge sought and obtained a charter for the school from the state legislature of the [[Pennsylvania|Commonwealth of Pennsylvania]] that was passed by the assembly on February 28, 1787, just ten weeks before the opening of the [[Philadelphia Convention|Constitutional Convention]] in Philadelphia.<ref>{{ cite book | url = http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pitttext&cc=pitttext&idno=00adc8925m&q1=pittsburgh+academy&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=353
| last = Killikelly | first = Sarah H.
| title = The history of Pittsburgh: its rise and progress
| pages = 269 | year = 1906
| publisher = B.C. & Gordon Montgomery Co.
| location = Pittsburgh, PA }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | url = http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs&cc=pittmiscpubs&xc=1&idno=00afj8718m&g=documentingpitt&xg=1&q1=hopkins&node=00afj8718m%3A6&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=48
| last = Starrett | first = Agnes Lynch
| title = Through one hundred and fifty years: the University of Pittsburgh
| pages = 26 | year = 1937
| publisher = [[University of Pittsburgh Press]] | location = Pittsburgh, PA }}</ref> A brick building was erected in 1790 on the south side of Third Street and Cherry Alley for the Pittsburgh Academy.<ref name="owl1909"> {{cite web
| url= http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittyearbooks;cc=pittyearbooks;rgn=full%20text;idno=1909e49702;didno=1909e49702;view=image;seq=22;node=1909e49702%3A7;page=root;size=s;frm=frameset;
| title= ''The Owl''
|date= | year= 1909 | pages= p. 9 |publisher= Western University of Pennsylvania
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }} </ref><ref name="owl1910"> {{cite web
| url= http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittyearbooks;cc=pittyearbooks;rgn=full%20text;idno=1910e49702;didno=1910e49702;view=image;seq=12;node=1910e49702%3A4;page=root;size=s;frm=frameset;
| title= ''The Owl''
|date= |year= 1910 | pages= p. 7 |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }} </ref><ref name="alberts"> {{cite web
| url= http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs&cc=pittmiscpubs&idno=00c50130m&node=00c50130m%3A8&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=21
| title= ''Pitt: the story of the University of Pittsburgh, 1787–1987''
| last= Alberts |first= Robert C
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher=
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }} </ref> The small two-story brick building, with a gable facing the alley, contained three rooms: one below and two above.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pitttext;cc=pitttext;q1=pittsburgh%20academy;rgn=full%20text;idno=00hc14502m;didno=00hc14502m;view=image;seq=0012
| title= ''Rev. John Taylor: the first rector of Trinity Episcopal Church of Pittsburgh and his commonplace book''
| last= Dahlinger |first= Charles W
|date= |year= |month= |publisher= | pages= p. 10
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }} </ref>
===The Western University===
Within a short period, more advanced education in the area was needed, so in 1819 the [[Pennsylvania|Commonwealth of Pennsylvania]] amended the school's 1787 charter to confer university status. The school took the name the '''Western University of Pennsylvania''', or WUP, and was intended to be the western sister institution to the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]. By 1830, WUP had moved into a new three-story, freestone-fronted building, with Ionic columns and a cupola, near its original buildings fronting the south side of Third Street, between Smithfield Street and Cherry Alley in downtown [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]]. It was in this era that founder of [[Mellon Bank]], [[Thomas Mellon]] (Class of 1837), graduated and later taught at WUP.<ref name="owl1909" /><ref name="owl1910" /><ref name="alberts" />
===Fires===
[[Image:Pitt1833.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Western University of Pennsylvania, the previous name of Pitt, is depicted in this 1833 oil painting at its location on 3rd Avenue in downtown Pittsburgh.]]
The University's buildings, along with most of its records and files, were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1845 that wiped out 20 square blocks of Pittsburgh. Classes were temporarily held in Trinity Church until a new building was constructed on Duquesne Way (on what was the site of the former [[Horne's]] department store). Only four years later, in 1849, this building also was destroyed by fire. Due to the catastrophic nature of these fires, operations were suspended for a few years to allow the University time to regroup and rebuild. By 1854, WUP had erected a new building on the corner of Ross and Diamond (now Forbes Avenue) streets (site of the present day [[Pittsburgh City-County Building|City-County building]]) and classes resumed in 1855. It is during this era, in 1867, that [[Samuel Pierpoint Langley]], inventor and aviation pioneer for which [[Langley Air Force Base]] is named, was chosen as director of the [[Allegheny Observatory]] that was donated to WUP in 1865. Langley was professor of astronomy and physics and remained at WUP until 1891, when he was succeeded by another prominent astronomer, [[James Edward Keeler|James Keeler]]. Growing quickly during this period, WUP outgrew its downtown facilities and the university moved its campus to [[Allegheny, Pennsylvania|Allegheny City]] (present-day [[Northside (Pittsburgh)|North Side]]).<ref name="owl1909" /><ref name="owl1910" /><ref name="alberts" />
===A move north===
[[Image:Pitt1890to1909.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Western University of Pennsylvania's campus on Observatory Hill on Pittsburgh's North Side from 1890 to 1909.]]
The University eventually found itself on a ten-acre site on the North Side's [[Observatory Hill (Pittsburgh)|Observatory Hill]] at the location of its [[Allegheny Observatory]]. There, it constructed two new buildings, Science Hall and Main Hall, that were occupied by 1889 and 1890 respectively. During this era, the first collegiate football team was formed at Pitt in 1889. In 1892, the Western Pennsylvania Medical College was amalgamated into the University. By 1893, the University had graduated its first African-American, William Dammond.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/history/1893.html
| title= Pitt History — 1893: William Hunter Dammond
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work= | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }} </ref> In 1895, WUP established its School of Law and [[Andrew Carnegie]] and [[George Westinghouse]] were elected to the Board of Trustees where they joined [[Andrew Mellon]] who was elected in 1894. The Pittsburgh College of Pharmacy and Pittsburgh Dental School also joined the University in 1896. In 1898, the first women, sisters Margaret and Stella Stein, graduated from the University.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/history/1898.html
| title= Pitt History — 1898: Margaret and Stella Stein
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work= | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }} </ref> During this period, University engineering professor [[Reginald Fessenden]] was conducting pioneering work in radio broadcasting. By 1904, playing at [[Exposition Park (Pittsburgh)|Exposition Park]], the University had its first undefeated football team.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/history/1906.html
| title= Pitt History — 1906: Reginald Fessenden
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work= | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }} </ref><ref name="owl1909" /><ref name="owl1910" /><ref name="alberts" />
===A new name and home===
Citing a need to avoid confusion, distinguish itself from the University of Pennsylvania, and return to its roots by identifying itself with the city, the Western University of Pennsylvania, by act of the state legislature, was renamed the '''University of Pittsburgh''' in the summer of 1908. During this time, Pitt had also outgrown its accommodations on the North Side of Pittsburgh and its departments had been scattered throughout the city for years. To consolidate all of its components on one campus, WUP bought 43 acres of land in December 1907 in what is now the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh and began relocating departments there by 1909.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittyearbooks;cc=pittyearbooks;rgn=full%20text;idno=1909e49702;didno=1909e49702;view=image;seq=23;node=1909e49702%3A7;page=root;size=s;frm=frameset
| title= ''The Owl''
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= |year= |month= |pages= p. 10 |publisher= Western University of Pennsylvania
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }} </ref> The initial campus plan for the University centered on the winning submission from a national architectural contest that incorporated a Greek Acropolis design by [[Henry Hornbostel]] for 30 buildings.<ref>{{cite book | url = http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs;cc=pittmiscpubs;rgn=full%20text;idno=00c50130m;didno=00c50130m;view=image;seq=81;node=00c50130m%3A8;page=root;size=s;frm=frameset; | title = Pitt: the story of the University of Pittsburgh, 1787–1987 | last =Alberts | first = Robert C | pages = pp. 60–61
| publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press | id = ISBN 0-8229-1150-7 }}</ref> However, due to financial and other constraints, only four of the buildings were constructed in this style, of which only [[Thaw Hall]] remains today.
===A national landmark===
In the 1920s, new university chancellor [[John Gabbert Bowman]] declared that he had a vision for a centerpiece "tall building" for the university. The {{convert|14|acre}} Frick Acres property in Oakland was soon purchased and plans for the campus shifted focus from the hillside to a neo-[[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] plan that today comprises the [[Cathedral of Learning]], [[Heinz Memorial Chapel]], [[Stephen Foster Memorial]], and [[Clapp Hall]] buildings. By 1925, Bowman had settled on a design by [[Charles Klauder]] for the "tall building": an attention-getting {{convert|535|ft|m|sing=on}} tower whose great height, with open spaces all around, would suggest the "character that ought to be in an educated man." The building's "parallel lines going up and up...would express courage [and] fearlessness" and it would "unify Pittsburgh into a community conscious of its character." The Cathedral is "cut off" flat at the top to suggest that its lines, like education, have no ending. The building was financed by donors as well as a campaign to collect dimes from local school children. Bowman was a persuasive leader and although the [[Great Depression]] intervened, the [[Cathedral of Learning]], on which construction was begun in 1926, was finally finished in 1937. Today, it remains the second-tallest education building in the world and contains an equally-impressive interior highlighted by a half-acre (2,000 m²) Gothic hall Commons Room with {{convert|52|ft|m|sing=on}} tall arches surrounded by 27 [[Nationality Rooms]].
[[Image:SalkatPitt.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Jonas Salk]] developed the first polio vaccine at the University of Pittsburgh.]]
===The Pitt shot===
In the early 20th century, epidemics of [[poliomyelitis|polio]] began to hit the [[United States]] and other industrialized countries. As hospital wards filled with patients in [[iron lung]]s, and tens of thousands were left crippled, fear of contracting polio grew rampant and led to the closing of many public facilities. Meanwhile, [[Jonas Salk|Dr. Jonas Salk]] had set up the University of Pittsburgh's Virus Research Lab in the basement of what is now [[Salk Hall]]. By 1951, Salk and his team had begun immunization experiments in monkeys using dead polio virus. Soon, however, Salk began to test inoculations in paralyzed polio patients and by 1953 human trials among the general population were initiated. By the spring of the following year, the largest controlled field trials in medical history were underway and by 1955 the [[polio vaccine|vaccine]] developed by [[Jonas Salk]] and his team of Pitt researchers was declared effective and by 1962 had reduced the incidence of polio in the United States by ''95 percent''. The breakthroughs in immunology and vaccine development at Pitt by Salk and his team are considered one of the most significant scientific and medical achievements in history.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.polio.pitt.edu/
| title= Remembering Polio: Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Salk Polio Vaccine
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }} </ref><ref> {{cite web
| url= http://museum.pharmacy.pitt.edu/salk/
| title= The Shot Heard 'Round the World
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }} </ref>
===State relations===
In 1966, Pitt was designated by [[Pennsylvania]] as a [[Commonwealth System of Higher Education|state-related]] university. As such, Pitt receives public funds (currently more than $200 million per annum) and offers reduced tuition to Pennsylvania residents, but is under independent control. It is typically categorized as a public university. Upon affiliation with the state, subsidized tuition led to a massive influx of new students and rapid expansion of Pitt's size and scope. In the 1970s, Pitt's football team returned to greatness with a national championship season in 1976 led by [[Pro Football Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] running back [[Tony Dorsett]] and continued success in the 1980s with players such as [[Pro Football Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] quarterback [[Dan Marino]]. In the 1980s, significant medical research in the field of [[organ transplantation]] was conducted by [[Thomas Starzl]], establishing Pitt as the world leader in the field of organ transplantation. In 1991, long-time chancellor [[Wesley Posvar]] retired after 24 years in office. His administration is best known for elimination of the university's debt from its 1960s financial crisis and for increasing the school's prestige and endowment. Under Posvar, Pitt's operating budget grew sevenfold to $630 million and its endowment tripled to $257 million.<ref> {{ cite web | url = http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-lay=a&-format=d.html&id=2788&-Find
| title = Pitt Ranked 4th Among Public Universities, 10th Among All U.S. Colleges and Universities With Endowments in Excess of $1 Billion in The FY 2006 Percentage Increase in Its Endowment
| date = [[2007-01-24]]
| work = University of Pittsburgh }}</ref>
[[Mark Nordenberg]] has been chancellor of the University since 1995 and is leading Pitt through a period of substantial progress, including a $2-billion capital-raising campaign that is over half-way toward achieving its goal<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.giveto.pitt.edu/
| title= Pitt Giving: Office of Institutional Advancement
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }} </ref> and a $1-billion 12-year facilities plan.<ref> {{cite web | url = http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-lay=a&-format=d.html&id=2929&-Find | title = University of Pittsburgh Announces 12-Year Facilities Plan To Support Programmatic Direction |date=2007-05-17 | accessdate = 2007-06-21 | work = University of Pittsburgh }}</ref> Pitt's endowment in 2007 reached $2.254 billion, a 25 percent increase from 2006. It ranks 28th among all college endowments and 8th nationally among public universities.<ref>{{cite web | title=2007 NACUBO Endowment Study | year=2008 | url= http://www.nacubo.org/Images/All%20Institutions%20Listed%20by%20FY%202007%20Market%20Value%20of%20Endowment%20Assets_2007%20NES.pdf | publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers}}</ref>
==Location and campus==
[[Image:HeinzChapelSouth.jpg|thumb|350px|[[Heinz Memorial Chapel]]]]
The University of Pittsburgh campus is in the historic [[Oakland (Pittsburgh)|Oakland]] neighborhood of Pittsburgh, adjacent to [[Schenley Plaza]], the main branch of the [[Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh| Carnegie Public Library]], the [[Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh|Carnegie Museums of Natural History and Art]], and the Carnegie Music Hall. [[Carlow University]] is just west of campus, adjacent to the University's medical center complexes. [[Carnegie Mellon University]], [[Central Catholic High School]] and historic [[Schenley Park]], site of the [[Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens]], lie across [[Junction Hollow]] on the east end. Some Pitt professors also hold adjunct professorships at Carnegie Mellon and ''vice-versa''.
Pitt's main campus is {{convert|132|acre|km2}} and is generally bordered by Darragh Street/McKee Place to the west and Bellefield Avenue/Dithridge Street to the east; Forbes and Fifth avenues traverse the campus from west to east. The campus comprises four general parts: upper (sports complexes, [[Upper campus residence halls (University of Pittsburgh)|residence halls]]); mid ([[Benedum Hall|Benedum]], [[Chevron Science Center|Chevron]], [[Allen Hall (University of Pittsburgh)|Allen]] and [[Thaw Hall]]s); lower ([[Cathedral of Learning]], [[William Pitt Union|Union]], [[Wesley W. Posvar Hall|Posvar Hall]]); and on the west end of campus, the [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|medical center complex]].
The focal point of the main campus is the 42-story [[Cathedral of Learning]]. This and other University buildings are in the [[Schenley Farms Historic District|Oakland Civic Center/Schenley Farms Historic District]] (listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]) of Pittsburgh.<ref name="NRHP-districts">{{cite web
| url= http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/PA/Allegheny/districts.html
| title= PENNSYLVANIA — Allegheny County — Historic Districts
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= [[National Register of Historic Places]]
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref> The University of Pittsburgh campus contains an eclectic mix of architecture that includes Greek revival, Neogothic, Italian Renaissance, and modern. It has been termed "a theme park of replica buildings, representing the architecture of the past speaking to the present."<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=issueid%3a%3aissuedate&-sortorder=descend&keywords=acropolis&-max=50&-recid=34374&-find=
| title= "Weighing in on Pitt's eclectic architecture"
| last= Steele |first= Bruce
|date= October 24, 2002 | work= University Times | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref>
===Historic Buildings===
[[Image:AlumniHallatPitt.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Alumni Hall (University of Pittsburgh)|Alumni Hall]]]]
There are two University buildings listed separately on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]: [[Allegheny Observatory]] (in Pittsburgh's Riverview Park on the [[Northside (Pittsburgh)|Northside]]) and the [[Cathedral of Learning]].<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/pa/Allegheny/state.html
| title= PENNSYLVANIA — Allegheny County
| publisher= National Register of Historic Places
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref> Twenty-one of Pitt's buildings (including the 5 residence halls that make up [[Schenley Quadrangle]], see below) are [[contributing properties]] to the [[Schenley Farms Historic District|Schenley Farms-Oakland Civic Center Historic District]] that has been designated a [[National Historic District]].<ref name="NRHP-districts" />
Due to the historical nature of various sites in or around Pitt's buildings, the state of [[Pennsylvania]] has placed historical markers outside the
[[Allegheny Observatory]],<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/DOH/markerresults.asp?secid=31&namesearch=Allegheny+Observatory&Submit=Search+by+Marker+Title
| title= [[Allegheny Observatory]]
| work= Search for Historical Markers
| publisher= Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC)
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref>
[[Wesley W. Posvar Hall|Posvar Hall]],<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/DOH/markerresults.asp?secid=31&namesearch=Forbes+Field&Submit=Search+by+Marker+Title
| title= [[Forbes Field]]
| work= Search for Historical Markers
| publisher= PHMC
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref>
[[Salk Hall]],<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/DOH/markerresults.asp?secid=31&namesearch=Salk+Polio+Vaccine&Submit=Search+by+Marker+Title
| title= [[Salk Polio Vaccine]]
| work= Search for Historical Markers
| publisher= PHMC
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref>
[[Stephen Foster Memorial]],<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/DOH/markerresults.asp?secid=31&namesearch=Stephen+C.+Foster+Memorial&Submit=Search+by+Marker+Title
| title= [[Stephen C. Foster Memorial]]
| work= Search for Historical Markers
| publisher= PHMC
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref>
and the [[William Pitt Union]].<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/DOH/markerresults.asp?secid=31&namesearch=V.F.W.&Submit=Search+by+Marker+Title
| title= V.F.W
| work= Search for Historical Markers
| publisher= PHMC
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref>
In addition, a Pennsylvania Historical Marker has been placed on campus near the Cathedral of Learning to mark the significance of the University of Pittsburgh itself.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/DOH/markerresults.asp?secid=31&namesearch=University+of+Pittsburgh&Submit=Search+by+Marker+Title
| title= University of Pittsburgh
| work= Search for Historical Markers
| publisher= PHMC
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref> Another state historical marker has been placed to highlight the significance of Pitt's involvement in the archaeological excavation at the [[Meadowcroft Rockshelter]] in [[Avella, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/DOH/markerresults.asp?secid=31&namesearch=Meadowcroft+Rockshelter&Submit=Search+by+Marker+Title
| title= [[Meadowcroft Rockshelter]]
| work= Search for Historical Markers
| publisher= PHMC
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref>
In addition, the [[Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation]] has designated the following Pitt buildings as Pittsburgh Historic Landmarks: [[Allegheny Observatory]], [[Allen Hall (University of Pittsburgh)|Allen Hall]], [[Alumni Hall (University of Pittsburgh)|Alumni Hall]], [[Bellefield Hall]], the Chancellor's residence, [[Cathedral of Learning]], the [[Cathedral of Learning|Cathedral of Learning interior rooms]], [[Gardner Steel Conference Center]], [[Heinz Memorial Chapel]], [[Thaw Hall]], [[Salk Hall]], [[Schenley Quadrangle|Schenley Quadrangle residence halls]], [[Stephen Foster Memorial]], the University Child Development Center, and the [[William Pitt Union]].<ref> {{cite web | url = http://web.archive.org/web/20070127092030/http://www.phlf.org/plaques/locallist.html | title = Internet Archive: Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation: PHLF Plaques & Registries| date=2007-01-27 | accessdate = 2008-02-25 }} </ref><ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.phlf.org/2007/06/27/pittsburgh-history-landmarks-foundation-announces-historic-building-and-landscape-designations/ | title = Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation announces Historic Building and Landscape Designations| date=2007-06-27 | accessdate = 2008-02-25 }}</ref>
Other Pitt buildings not designated individually as landmarks, but listed among the 17 Pitt-owned contributing properties to the Schenley Farms Historic District, include [[Clapp Hall]], [[Ruskin Hall]], [[Thackeray Hall]], [[Frick Fine Arts Building]], [[Music Building (University of Pittsburgh)|Music Building]], [[University Club (University of Pittsburgh)|University Club]], and the [[University Place Office Building]].<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=issueid%3a%3aissuedate&-sortorder=descend&keywords=bellefield%20hall&-max=50&-recid=38544&-find=
| title= "Hearing set on historic landmark nomination for two Pitt buildings"
| last= Sajna | first= Mike | date= January 23, 1997
| work= University Times | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref>
Buildings not belonging to Pitt, but historic structures within, near, or adjacent to Pitt's campus, include the [[Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh|Carnegie Museum buildings]], [[Frick International Studies Academy Middle School|Frick School]], [[Forbes Field]] wall remnant, Magee Estate iron fence, the [[Mary Schenley Memorial Fountain|Schenley Fountain]], [[Mellon Institute]], [[Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens]], the [[Pittsburgh Athletic Association]], [[Cathedral of Saint Paul in Pittsburgh|St. Paul's Cathedral]], St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church, [[Schenley High School]], [[Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall]], and the [[Stephen Foster (sculpture)|Stephen Foster sculpture]]. Many of these buildings and their facilities are integrated into the events and activities of the university.
===Other buildings===
[[Image:FrickFineArts.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Frick Fine Arts Building]]]]
{{main|List of University of Pittsburgh buildings}}
The majority of [[List of University of Pittsburgh buildings|Pitt-owned buildings]] reside in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]], the home of its main campus. The major concentration of buildings comprise Pitt's main campus centered in the [[Oakland (Pittsburgh)|Oakland]] neighborhood of Pittsburgh including within the [[Schenley Farms Historic District]], however a few facilities are scattered elsewhere throughout the city, including the adjacent [[Shadyside (Pittsburgh)|Shadyside]] neighborhood. Along with regional campuses in [[University of Pittsburgh at Bradford|Bradford]], [[University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg|Greensburg]], [[University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown|Johnstown]], and [[University of Pittsburgh at Titusville|Titusville]], Pitt also has a Computer Center in RIDC Park in [[Blawnox, Pennsylvania|Blawnox]], the Plum Boro Science Center in [[Plum, Pennsylvania|Plum]], the University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center (U-PARC) in [[Harmarville, Pennsylvania]], the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology in [[Linesville, Pennsylvania]]<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/~biohome/Dept/Frame/pymatuninglabs.htm
| title= The Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology
|date= 20 February 2008 |work=
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh, The Department of Biological Sciences
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref>, and the [[Allen L. Cook Spring Creek Preserve]] archeological research site in Spring Creek, [[Wyoming]].<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/media/pcc060130/land_donation_main_2006JAN30.html
| title= Pitt Honors College Receives 4,700 Acres of Wyoming Land Teeming With Dinosaur Fossils
| work = Pitt Chronicle
|date= 2006-01-30 | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-30 }}
</ref><ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.umc.pitt.edu/pittmag/fall2006/feature1.html
| title= "Go West"
| last= Collins | first= Mark | coauthors= Cara J. Hayden
|date= |year= |month= | work= Pitt | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref>
Athletic facilities of the [[University of Pittsburgh Panthers]] that are located in Oakland in the upper campus and include the [[:Image:CostSportsComplexPitt.jpg|Charles L Cost Sports Center]], [[Fitzgerald Field House]], the [[Petersen Events Center]], [[Trees Hall]] and Trees Field. A major upgrade of on-campus facilities, including a new soccer, baseball, softball, track and field, and band complex, was announced in 2007. Athletic facilities located elsewhere include and utilized by Pitt's sports teams include [[Heinz Field]] and the UPMC Sports Performance Complex.
===University of Pittsburgh Medical Center===
{{main|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center}}
[[Image:WPUlawn.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[William Pitt Union]] and the [[Panthers of Pittsburgh#Millennium Panther|Millennium Panther]]]]
The [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center]] (UPMC) consists of the following hospitals and facilities in the [[Oakland (Pittsburgh)|Oakland]] area, many of which have shared use with various university departments: [[:Image:UPMC Presbyterian - Main Entrance (larger).JPG|UPMC Presbyterian Hospital]], [[:Image:UPMC Montefiore.jpg|UPMC Montefiore Hospital]], [[Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC]], Magee-Women's Hospital of UPMC, [[:Image:Western Psychiatric Institute - Thomas Detre Hall.jpg|Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic in Thomas Detre Hall]], Eye and Ear Institute, [[Forbes Tower]] (home to the [[University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences|School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences]]), Iroquois Building, [[:Image:Kaufmann Medical Building.jpg|Kaufman Medical Building]], [[:media:Medical Arts Building.JPG|Medical Arts Building]], Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC's Rangos Research Center, 230 McKee Place, and UPMC University Center. UPMC facilities are also scattered elsewhere throughout the city, including [[:Image:UPMC Shadyside 01.JPG|UPMC Shadyside]] and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute in the Hillman Cancer Center located in the Shadyside neighborhood adjacent to Oakland.
===Panthers===
{{main|Panthers of Pittsburgh}}
In the fall of 1909, the University of Pittsburgh was the first college or university to adopt the panther (''[[Cougar|Puma concolor]]'') as its mascot.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://pittsburghpanthers.cstv.com/trads/pitt-trads-mascot.html
| title= The Panther
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= Pittsburgh Panthers
| accessdate= 2008-04-28 }}</ref> Popular as photo sites, there are ten representations of Panthers in and about Pitt's campus, and ten more painted fiberglass panthers due to be placed over the next year by the Pitt Student Government. The oldest representations are four panthers that guard each corner of the Panther Hollow bridge. Other Oakland locations include both inside and in front of the William Pitt Union, outside the Petersen Events Center, "Pitt the Panther" on the carousel in Schenley Plaza, the Panther head fountain on the front of the Cathedral of Learning, and the Pitt Panther statue outside Heinz Field on Pittsburgh's North Side.
==Education==
[[Image:Cathedral of Learning Pittsburgh by Jennifer Yang.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Commons Room in the [[Cathedral of Learning]]]]
Throughout its history, Pitt has been committed to a liberal arts education with a well-rounded curriculum in the arts, sciences, and humanities.<ref>{{ cite book | url = http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs&cc=pittmiscpubs&idno=00c50130m&node=00c50130m%3A8&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=37
| last = Alberts
| first = Robert C.
| title = Pitt: The Story of the University of Pittsburgh 1787–1987
| pages = book One; p. 17
| year = 1987
| id = ISBN 0-8229-1150-7
| publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press }}</ref> Pitt has an increasing emphasis on undergraduate research experience and for providing real-world opportunities such as co-ops and internships.<ref name="undergrad-research">{{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/~UGR/index.html
| title= Undergraduate Research
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> Undergraduate degrees can be earned as Bachelor's of Arts, Bachelor's of Science, and Bachelor's of Philosophy. Along with providing certificate programs, graduate level masters, professional, and doctoral degrees are also awarded.
===Schools===
Bachelor's, master's, doctoral and professional programs are offered through the following academic units:
{| style='border:0px solid #dddddd; background-color:#fefefe; padding:3px; margin:0px'
|
* [[University of Pittsburgh School of Arts and Sciences|School of Arts and Sciences]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh College of Business Administration|College of Business Administration]]
* [[Joseph M. Katz School of Business|Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine|School of Dental Medicine]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh School of Education|School of Education]]
* [[Swanson School of Engineering]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh College of General Studies|College of General Studies]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences|School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh Honors College|University Honors College]]
| width='40' |
|
* [[University of Pittsburgh School of Information Sciences|School of Information Sciences]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh School of Law|School of Law]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine|School of Medicine]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing|School of Nursing]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy|School of Pharmacy]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh - Graduate School of Public & International Affairs (GSPIA)|Graduate School of Public & International Affairs (GSPIA)]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health|Graduate School of Public Health]]
* [[University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work|School of Social Work]]
|}
===International Studies===
Pitt’s history of commitment to international education is illustrated by its unique collection of 27 [[Nationality Rooms]] on the first and third floors of the [[Cathedral of Learning]]. As a demonstration of this commitment, Pitt is one of the country’s leading producers of both Fulbright scholars and Peace Corps volunteers<ref name="chancellor-2006">{{cite web
| url= http://www.umc.pitt.edu/chancellor/publications/2006ChancellorReport.pdf
| title= ''The 2006 Report of Chancellor Mark A. Nordenberg''
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= June 23, 2006 |format= [[PDF]], 22 MB |work= |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/main/
| title= University Center for International Studies (UCIS)
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> and one of only 17 American universities to claim four or more area studies programs that have been competitively designated National Resource Centers by the [[United States Department of Education|U.S. Department of Education]].<ref name="pitt-fall-07">{{cite web
| url= http://www.pittmag.pitt.edu/fall2007/feature1.html
| title= "The Company We Keep"
| last= Gill |first= Cindy
| date= Fall 2007 | work= Pitt | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
The National Resource Centers designated at Pitt include the East Asian, Latin American, Russian and East European, and European centers as well as Pitt's International Business Center.<ref name="pitt-fall-07" /> In addition, Pitt's Asian Studies Center has been awarded status as one of only 22 [[Confucius Institute]]s in the U.S. by the Chinese Ministry of Education.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-lay=a&-format=d.html&id=2976&-Find
| title= "Chinese Ministry of Education Awards University of Pittsburgh First Confucius Institute in Pennsylvania"
|date= August 1, 2007 | work= News from Pitt |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/cipitt/
| title= Confucius Institute at the University of Pittsburgh
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> Also, Pitt is home to one of just ten European Union Centers of Excellence in the U.S., funded by the [[European Commission]].
The [[University of Pittsburgh Center for International Studies|University Center for International Studies]] (UCIS) coordinates international education curricula, centers on topical specializations in international studies, and the centers for area studies, including the National Resource Centers, among existing faculty and departments throughout the university. It does not itself give degrees but awards certificates of attainment to degree candidates in the University's schools and also operates certificate programs in African Studies (undergraduate) and in Global Studies (undergraduate & graduate).<ref name="about-ucis">{{cite web
| url= http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/main/about.html
| title= About UCIS
| date= 8/31/2006 | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> UCIS also operates the Study Abroad Office,<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.abroad.pitt.edu/
| title= Study Abroad Office
| date= 3 May 2007 | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> Nationality Rooms and Intercultural Exchange Programs.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/%7enatrooms/pages/about_nr.html
| title= about nationality rooms
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
===Rankings===
[[Image:cathedralLawfromMellon2.jpg|thumb|300px|The lawn of the [[Cathedral of Learning]].]]
The Center for Measuring University Performance<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://mup.asu.edu/
| title= The Center for Measuring University Performance
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> has ranked Pitt, along with only six other schools, in the top tier of U.S. public research universities and in the 6th tier (or top 26) among all universities according to its 2006 annual report.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://mup.asu.edu/research.html
| title= The Top American Research Universities
| year= 2007 |publisher= The Center for Measuring University Performance
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
In 2007, ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranked Pitt 19th among [[public university|public universities]] in the United States and #57 among all national universities.<ref name="usnews2007brief">{{cite web | url = http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1natudoc_brief.php | title = America's Best Colleges 2007 | work = [[U.S. News & World Report]] | year = 2007 | accessdate = 2007-06-18 }}</ref>
''[[Newsweek]]'' ranks Pitt 37th in its "The Top 100 Global Universities."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14321230/site/newsweek/print/1/displaymode/1098/ | title = The Complete List: The Top 100 Global Universities | work = [[Newsweek]] | date = [[2006-08-10]] | accessdate = 2007-06-18 }}</ref> Pitt is ranked 48th worldwide in the [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University|Shanghai Jiao Tong University's]] [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]].<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2006/ARWU2006_Top100.htm
| title= Top 500 World Universities (1–100)
| year= 2006 | publisher= Institute of Higher Education, [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]]
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> Pitt ranked 77th out of the top 100 institutions in the world, 28th out of all U.S. institutions, and 9th out out of all public U.S. institutions according to the “[[THES - QS World University Rankings|Times Higher-QS World University Rankings]] 2007,” by [[The Times Higher Education Supplement]] (THES) and [[Quacquarelli Symonds]].<ref name="pitt-fall-07"/><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/?p=1043
| title= Pitt Advances in Global Higher Ed Ranking
|date= 26 November 2007 |work=Pitt Chronicle |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-30 }}</ref>
Pitt's Department of Philosophy has long been renowned in the U.S. and worldwide, and is especially strong in the areas of mathematical and philosophical logic, metaphysics, history and philosophy of science, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind and psychology, and semantics.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.philosophicalgourmet.com/
| title= Welcome to the 2006–2008 Philosophical Gourmet Report
| last= Leiter | first= Brian
|date= 10 November 2006 |work= |publisher=
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.stat.tamu.edu/~jnewton/nrc_rankings/nrc41.html#area9
| title= Philosophy
| last= Newton | first= H. J
| work= NRC Rankings in each of the 41 Areas | publisher= [[Texas A&M University]]
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
The University also is a leader in the field of business studies. The [[Joseph M. Katz School of Business]] MBA program is ranked first in the U.S. in "Value for Money," 51st overall in the nation, and its faculty research is ranked 47th in the world by the 2007 [[Financial Times]] ranking.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.katz.pitt.edu/news/013007.html | title = University of Pittsburgh Professor Wins Sloan Industry Studies Best Book Award | date = [[May 16]], [[2007]] | accessdate = 2007-07-11 | work = Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business Press Release }}</ref> The Joseph Katz Graduate School consistently ranks among the top ten public business schools in the U.S. according to ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.
Pitt's law school faculty has been ranked 21st in the nation based upon standard objective measures of scholarly impact.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.leiterrankings.com/faculty/2007faculty_impact.shtml
| title= Top 35 Law Faculties Based on Scholarly Impact, 2007
| last= Leiter | first= Brian
| date= September 1, 2007 |work= |publisher=
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
Pitt is home to the Gertrude E. and John M. Petersen Institute of [[Nanotechnology|NanoScience]] and Engineering, which was ranked second in the nation in 2006 for microscale and nanoscale research by the leading global trade publication, ''[[Small Times]]''. Pitt also is a global leader in [[Radio-frequency identification]] device (RFID) technology, with its research program rated among the top three in the world along with MIT and the University of Cambridge in England.<ref name="RFID Lowdown">{{cite web | url = http://www.rfidlowdown.com/2005/10/pitt_created_rf_3.html| title = RFID Lowdown, the on-line RFID new publication RFID Lowdown | year = 2007 | accessdate = 2007-07-01 }}</ref>
===Scholars===
[[Image:SchenleyQuadcolumn.jpg|thumb|right|175px|[[Schenley Quadrangle]]]]
In addition to the three national military academies, Pitt is one of only nine universities, and the only public university, to claim both Rhodes and Marshall Scholars in 2007. Since 1995, Pitt undergraduates have won two [[Rhodes Scholarship]]s, six [[Marshall Scholarship]]s, five [[Truman Scholarships]], four [[Morris K. Udall Foundation|Udall Scholarships]], a [[Churchill Scholarship]], 31 [[Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship|Goldwater Scholarships]], and three Mellon Humanities Fellowships.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Barlow
| first = Kimberly K
| title = Pitt students win Truman, Goldwater scholarships
| publisher = ''University Times''
| date = [[2008-04-03]]
| url = http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory&-lay=a&-format=d.html&storyid=8045&-Find
| accessdate = 2008-04-04 }}</ref>
Pitt alumni have won awards such as the [[Nobel Peace Prize]], the [[Nobel Prize]] in medicine, the [[Pulitzer Prize]] for fiction, the [[Shaw Prize]] in medicine, the Albany Prize in medicine, the [[John Fritz Medal|Fritz Medal]] in engineering, the [[Templeton Prize]], and the Grainger Challenge Prize for sustainability.<ref name="armanlos"> {{cite web
| url= http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=date&-sortorder=descend&keywords=Rhodes&-max=50&-recid=36894&-find=
| title= For Second Year Straight, Pitt Student Named Rhodes Scholar
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= November 19, 2006 | work= News from Pitt | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
|pages= |language= |doi= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote=
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref name="chancellor-2006"/>
Pitt is also a leading producer of [[Fulbright Program|Fulbright]] scholars.<ref name="about-ucis" /><ref name="chancellor-2006"/>
===Research===
Pitt, one of 62 elected members of the [[Association of American Universities]], has a strong research presence, ranking among the top 25 universities in the country in terms of total research expenditures,<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf08300/pdf/tab31.pdf
| title= R&D expenditures at universities and colleges, ranked by all R&D expenditures for the first 200 institutions, by source of funds: FY 2006
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= |year= |month= |format= [[PDF]] |work=
| publisher= [[National Science Foundation]] | pages= TABLE 31
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref name="mup-xls-04">{{cite web
| url= http://mup.asu.edu/AnyFed2000-2005/Tot_Research_2000-2004.xls
| title= Federal Research, 2000–2004
|date= |year= |month= | format= [[xls]] |work=
| publisher= The Center for Measuring University Performance
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> and 13th in the U.S. in Federal Research expenditures,<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf07318/pdf/tab28.pdf
| title= Federally financed R&D expenditures at universities and colleges, ranked by FY 2005 expenditures: FY 1998–2005
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= |year= |month= |format= [[PDF]] |work=
| publisher= [[National Science Foundation]] | pages= TABLE 28
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref name="mup-xls-04"/> and 11th in total federal obligations for science and engineering research and development.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/?p=719
| title= "Pitt Scores in Chronicle of Higher Education’s Almanac Issue 2007–8, Advances in NSF Survey"
| last= Harvith | first= John | date= September 10, 2007
| work= Pitt Chronicle | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> Pitt is ranked 21st in the world according to the 2007 Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities by the HIgher Education Evaluation & Accrediation Council of Taiwan<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.heeact.edu.tw/ranking/EngTop100.htm
| title= 2007 Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities
|author= |last= Huang |first=Mu-Hsang |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work=
| publisher= HIgher Education Evaluation & Accreditation Council of Taiwan | pages=
| accessdate= 2008-07-06 }}</ref> and 29th in the world based on Essential Science Indicators according to the Research Center for Chinese Science Evaluation of [[Wuhan University]].<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://rccse.whu.edu.cn/college/sjdxkyjzl.htm
| title= 世界大学科研竞争力排行榜2007 (前500名+中国大学)
| publisher= [[Wuhan University]] | pages=
| accessdate= 2008-07-06 }}</ref> Pitt places much emphasis on undergraduate research and has integrated such research experience as a key component of its undergraduate experience.<ref name="undergrad-research"/>
Pitt is a major center of biomedical research; in FY 2006, it ranked sixth in the nation in competitive peer-reviewed [[NIH]] funding allocations,<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory&-lay=a&-format=d.html&storyid=7904&-Find
| title= "Pitt No. 6 in NIH funding"
| date= January 24, 2008 | work= University Times | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> and the [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center]] ranked 13th among hospitals nationwide by ''USNews'' in 2006.<ref>{{cite news | work = U.S. News & World Report | url = http://health.usnews.com/usnews/health/best-hospitals/honorroll.htm | title = Best Hospitals 2006 | accessdate = 2007-06-19 }}</ref>
==Community==
[[Image:Eberlyhallside.jpg|thumb|right|175px|[[Eberly Hall]]]]
Pitt was one of just seven [[Association of American Universities|AAU]]-member research universities included in a list of "best neighbor" urban colleges and universities released by the president of the New England Board of Higher Education in 2006, which cited these schools as "dramatically strengthening the economy and quality of life in their neighboring communities."<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=date&-sortorder=descend&keywords=best%20neighbor&-max=50&-recid=36771&-find=
| title= "University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University Listed Among Nation’s 25 “Best-Neighbor” Urban Colleges and Universities"
| date= August 24, 2006 | work= News from Pitt | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> Each year, Pitt spends more than $1.5 billion in the community and supports more than 32,000 jobs in [[Allegheny County]]. Pitt's research program alone imports more than $600 million into the region each year and supports more than 17,000 local jobs. Pitt students also spend more than $213 million on goods, services, and rental payments within the local economy.<ref name="chancellor-2006"/> Pitt ranked sixth in the number of startups spawned by technologies developed by its researchers according to Association of University Technology Managers.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.autm.net/index.cfm
| title= The Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM)
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
Pitt and its [[University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine|medical school]] are closely affiliated with the [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center]]. With over 40,000 employees and more than $5 billion in annual revenue, the Medical Center is the largest employer in western Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.upmc.com/AboutUPMC/AUHome/CommunityCitizenship/
| title= Community Citizenship
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
Through the Pitt Volunteer Pool, faculty and staff members donate more than 10,000 hours annually to community service projects for agencies such as the Salvation Army, Pittsburgh AIDS Task Force, and Greater Pittsburgh Community Food Bank. Pitt also is a leading producer of [[Peace Corps]] volunteers.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=issueid%3a%3aissuedate&-sortorder=descend&keywords=peace%20corps&-max=50&-recid=39055&-find=
| title= "University ranks high in Peace Corps volunteers"
| date= January 25, 2007 | work= University Times | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref name="chancellor-2006"/> According to the Peace Corps' 2008 ranking of colleges and universities, only 14 schools in the nation produced more Peace Corp volunteers.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.peacecorps.gov/multimedia/pdf/stats/schools2008.pdf
| title= Peace Corps Top Colleges and Universities 2008
|date= September 30, 2007 |format= [[PDF]] |work= |publisher= [[Peace Corps]]
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> Pitt's graduate school also ranked 10th for most alumni Peace Corps volunteers.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://media.www.pittnews.com/media/storage/paper879/news/2008/01/17/News/Pitt-Up.In.Peace.Corps.Rankings-3155248.shtml
| title= "Pitt up in Peace Corps rankings"
| last= Webster | first= Henry Clay | date= 1/17/08 | publisher= ''[[The Pitt News]]''
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
==Athletics==
[[Image:PittPanthers.png|thumb|left|The primary logo of the University of Pittsburgh Panthers.]]
{{main|University of Pittsburgh Panthers}}
Pittsburgh's sports teams, the "Pitt Panthers," participate in [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] Division I (Division I-A for [[American football|football]]) and in the [[Big East Conference]].
In intercollegiate athletics, Pitt’s highest-profile programs, football and men’s basketball, are consistently competitive. Recently, ESPN.com used the Sagarin system to rate universities based on the strength of their performance in football and men’s basketball over the course of the preceding five years. Pitt was tied for 10th as one of the nation’s top dual-sport schools. In a recent all-sports ranking done by ''Sports Illustrated on Campus'', Pitt was ranked 17th among all U.S. universities in terms of the overall strength of its athletic program.
===Scholar Athletes===
During 2006, of approximately 450 Pitt student athletes, 311 had term grade point averages exceeding 3.0, 23 had a perfect average of 4.0, and 124 were named Big East Academic All-Stars.
===Football===
{{main|Pittsburgh Panthers football}}
Traditionally the most popular sport at the University of Pittsburgh, football has been played at the highest levels at the University since 1889. During the more than 100 years of competitive football at Pitt, the University has helped pioneer the sport by, among other things, instituting the use of numbers on jersey's<ref>{{ cite book | last = O'Brien
| first = Jim (editor)
| title = Hail to Pitt: A Sports History of the University of Pittsburgh
| pages = p. 62
| year = 1982
| id = ISBN 0-916114-08-2
| publisher = Wolfson Publishing Co}}</ref> and desegregating the [[Sugar Bowl]]. Some of college football's all-time greatest coaches and players have plied their trade at Pitt, including [[Glenn Scobey Warner|Pop Warner]], [[Jock Sutherland]], [[Marshall Goldberg]], [[Joe Schmidt]], [[Mike Ditka]], [[Tony Dorsett]], [[Hugh Green]], [[Mark May]], [[Dan Marino]], [[Bill Fralic]], and [[Larry Fitzgerald]]. Among the top schools in terms of all-time wins, Pitt teams have claimed nine [[Pittsburgh Panthers football#National championships|National Championships]]<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.cstv.com/auto_pdf/s_chools/pitt/datadump/sports/football/mediaguide/2005/panther_history
| title= Pitt Athletics
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= PittsburghPanthers.com
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> and boast 86 players that have been chosen as first-team All-Americans.
===Basketball===
[[Image:Petersen Events Center 1a.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Petersen Events Center]], home of Pitt's basketball teams. [[University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine#Scaife Hall|Scaife Hall]] is reflected in the glass.]]
{{main|Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball}}
Pitt began playing men's basketball in 1905 and soon become a national power winning two Helms Foundation National Championships in 1927–28 and 1929–30. Those teams, coached by the innovative and legendary [[Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame|Naismith Hall of Fame]] inductee [[Clifford Carlson| "Doc" Carlson]], were led by National Player of the Year and Hall of Famer [[Chuck Hyatt|Charlie Hyatt]]. Following a Final Four appearance in 1941, Pitt appeared in a handful of NCAA tournaments throughout the 50, 60s, and 70s, including a Elite Eight appearance in 1974 led by All-American [[Billy Knight]]. Pitt entered the Big East Conference in 1982, and by the end of the decade had secured a pair of Big East regular season championships led by All-Americans [[Charles D. Smith|Charles Smith]] and [[Jerome Lane]]. Beginning with the hiring of [[Ben Howland]] as head coach in 1999, and continuing with his replacement by [[Jamie Dixon]] in 2003, an era of consistent national and conference competitiveness was entered. Since 2001, Pitt has achieved seven straight NCAA tournament appearances, four Sweet Sixteen appearances, three Big East regular season championships, two Big East Tournament Championships, and six Big East Tournament Championship game appearances.
{{main|Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball}}
The Pittsburgh Panthers Women's Varsity Basketball program started during the 1914–1915 school year and lasted until 1927 before going on hiatus until 1970. Pitt's women's team has posted several conference and NWIT/EAIAW Tournament Appearances, and led head coach [[Agnus Berenato]], advanced to the NCAA Tournament and each of the last two years, including a Sweet Sixteen appearance in 2008.
===Olympic sports===
[[Image:PittSecondaryPantherHead.jpg|thumb|250px|thumb|The secondary logo of Pitt athletics is a stylized panther head introduced in 1997 that suggests it was cut by a welding torch from steel.]]
{{see also|Pittsburgh Panthers wrestling}}
Pitt has had a long history of success in other intercollegiate athletic events. In [[Track and Field]], Pitt has produced several [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] and NCAA champions such as 800m Olympic gold medalist [[John Woodruff]], two-time 110 m hurdle Olympic gold medalist [[Roger Kingdom]], and seven-time NCAA champion and 2005 World Champion [[triple jump]]er [[Trecia Smith|Trecia-Kaye Smith]].<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/pitt/sports/m-track/auto_pdf/06-07-mg-part1.pdf
| title= TRACK & FIELD/CROSS COUNTRY
|date= |year= |month= |format= PDF |work= |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> The [[Pittsburgh Panthers wrestling|wrestling program]] has a rich history and is among the leaders in producing individual national champions with 16.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/pitt/sports/m-wrestl/auto_pdf/0607_media_guide.pdf
| title= PITT Wrestling Media Guide 2006–2007
|date= |year= |month= |format= PDF |work= | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> Pitt's women's [[volleyball]] team is the 12th winningest program in the nation<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://pittsburghpanthers.cstv.com/sports/w-volley/spec-rel/062107aaa.html
| title= Volleyball Releases 2007 Schedule
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= June 21, 2007 |work= |publisher=
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> and has won 11 [[Big East Conference|Big East]] championships and appeared in 11 NCAA tournaments since the program began in 1974.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/pitt/sports/w-volley/auto_pdf/06-media-guide.pdf
| title= 2006 Pitt Volleyball Media Guide
|date= |year= |month= |format= PDF |work= | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> Pitt's swimming and diving teams have produced several Olympians and won 19 men's and nine women's Big East Championships since joining the conference in 1983. Pitt women's gymnastics has qualified for the NCAA Northeast Regional Championship in all but two years in the past ten seasons.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/pitt/sports/w-gym/auto_pdf/0607-media-guide.pdf
| title= PITT Gymnastics Media Guide 2007
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= |year= |month= |format= PDF |work= |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> Baseball, Pitt's oldest sport, has produced many major league players and has become a regular participant in the Big East post-season championship.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/pitt/sports/m-basebl/auto_pdf/Pitt-Baseball-mguide.pdf
| title= Pitt Baseball Media Guide 2006
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= |year= |month= |format= PDF |work= |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> Other sports have also found success to varying degrees.
===Support groups===
The history-rich [[University of Pittsburgh Marching Band|Pitt Band]] was founded in 1911 and performs at athletic and other events. The Pitt cheerleaders have won multiple [[cheerleading]] national championships, including three straight from 1992–1994. The Pitt dance team also has been competitive in national competitions.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://pittsburghpanthers.cstv.com/trads/pitt-trads-spirit.html
| title= Spirit Groups
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= |year= |month= |format= | work= Traditions | publisher= PittsburghPanthers.com
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://pittsburghpanthers.cstv.com/genrel/042307aac.html
| title= Cheer and Dance Finish in Top 20 in Respective Competitions
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= | year= 2007 |month= | work= Pitt Athletics | publisher= PittsburghPanthers.com
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
==Pitt People==
===Heads of the University===
{{main|University of Pittsburgh History#Heads of the University of Pittsburgh}}
The University of Pittsburgh has had many individual lead it throughout its history. During the academy days, the title of Principal was worn by the head of the school. Due to fires, early records are incomplete. When Pittsburgh Academy transitioned into the Western University, the title was changed to Chancellor. This title has lasted except for a brief change during Wesley Posvar's administration when it was transiently switched to President. Samuel McCormick oversaw the name change from the Western University of Pennsylvania to the University of Pittsburgh in 1908 and is therefore listed with the chancellors of the University of Pittsburgh. Acting chancellors are also included in the list below. For more information on past heads of the University, and for photos, please see [[University of Pittsburgh History#Heads of the University of Pittsburgh|Pitt History: Heads of the University]].
[[Image:HollandPitt.jpg|thumb|250px|right|thumb|[[William Jacob Holland]] served as Chancellor from 1891-1901, and was also a world renowned entomologist.]]
{| border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px #aaa solid; font-size: 95%;"
! Pittsburgh Academy !! Western University of Pennsylvania !! University of Pittsburgh
|-
|-
|[[Hugh Henry Brackenridge]]<br>founder 1787|| [[Robert Bruce (Pitt Chancellor)|Robert Bruce]]<br>1819-1835, 1836-1843 || [[Samuel McCormick]]<br>1904-1921
|-
|[[George Welch]]<br>1789 || [[Gilbert Morgan]]<br>1835-1836 || [[John Gabbert Bowman]]<br>1921-1945
|-
|Robert Andrews<br>1796-1800 || [[Heman Dyer]]<br>1843-1849 || [[Rufus Fitzgerald]]<br>1945-1955
|-
|Robert Steele<br>1800-1801 || David H. Riddle<br>1849-1855 || Charles Nutting<br>1955-1956
|-
|John Taylor<br>1801 || [[John McLaren (Pitt Chancellor)|John F. McLaren]]<br>1855-1858 || [[Edward Litchfield]]<br>1956-1965
|-
|Benjamin B. Hopkins<br>1803-1804? || [[George Woods (Pitt Chancellor)|George Woods]]<br>1858-1880 || [[Stanton Crawford]]<br>1965-1966
|-
|James Mountain<br>180? || [[Milton Goff]]<br>1880-1881 || [[David Kurtzman]]<br>1966-1967
|-
|Robert Patterson<br>1807-1810 || [[Henry MacCracken]]<br>1881-1884 || [[Wesley Posvar]]<br>1967-1991
|-
|Joseph Stockton<br>1810-1819 || [[William Jacob Holland]]<br>1891-1901 || [[J. Dennis O'Connor]]<br>1991-1995
|-
| || [[John Brashear]]<br>1901-1904 || [[Mark Nordenberg]]<br>1995-present
|}
===Notable alumni and faculty===
{{main|List of notable University of Pittsburgh people}}
Pitt alumni have won a wide range of awards and prizes that include the [[Academy Award]], the [[Super Bowl]], the [[Nobel Prize]], and the [[Pulitzer Prize]]. Others include awards from the [[National Medal of Arts]], the [[National Medal of Science]], the [[National Medal of Technology]], and the [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur "Genius Award"]].<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.umc.pitt.edu/gallery/
| title= The Legacy Gallery
|date= 11/20/07 |work= |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref name="armanlos" /><ref name="chancellor-2006" /><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.wqed.org/mag/features/0108/strickland.php
| title= "Strictly Bill"
| last= Curran |first= Ann
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= ''Pittsburgh''
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref> The work of Pitt faculty and alumni have pioneered technology and advancement of society in profound ways and have been noted pioneers in such fields as [[John Brashear|astronomy]], [[Samuel Pierpont Langley|aviation]], [[Jonas Salk|virology]], [[John Wistar Simpson|nuclear energy]], [[Benjamin Spock|psychology]], [[Herbert Boyer|genetics]] in addition to garnering the popular titles such as the [[Reginald Fessenden|Father of Radio Broadcasting]], the [[Vladimir Zworykin|Father of Television]], the [[Peter Safar|Father of CPR]], the [[Paul Lauterbur|Father of the MRI]], and the [[Thomas Starzl|Father of Organ Transplantation]].
{|style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
<gallery>
Image:Wangari Maathai potrait by Martin Rowe.jpg|<center>[[Wangari Maathai]]<br>2004 [[Nobel Peace Prize]]</center>
Image:Singin Rain.jpg|<center>[[Gene Kelly]]<br>[[Academy Award]] Winner</center>
Image:Chabonsigning.jpg|<center>[[Michael Chabon]]<br>2001 [[Pulitzer Prize]] Winner</center>
Image:Orrin Hatch, official 110th Congress photo.jpg|<center> [[Orrin Hatch]]<br>[[United States Senator|US Senator]]</center>
</center>
</gallery>
|}
==Student life==
===Traditions===
[[Image:Wesley Wentz Posvar Hall.JPG|thumb|right|300|[[Wesley W. Posvar Hall]]]]
'''Annual Bonfire and Pep Rally''' hosted by the Pitt Program Council is held prior to or during some football games. Held on the lawn of the [[Cathedral of Learning]], it often involves the band, cheerleaders, football team, visiting dignitaries, and giveaways.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://media.www.pittnews.com/media/storage/paper879/news/2002/09/06/News/Turning.Up.The.Heat-1796099.shtml
| title= Turning up the heat
|last=Miller |first=Alexis |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= 2002-09-06| year= 2002 | work= | publisher= [[The Pitt News]]
| accessdate= 2008-05-01 }}</ref><ref name="Pitt traditions">{{cite web | url = http://web.archive.org/web/20060822113321/www.pitt.edu/AFShome/s/o/sorc/public/html/thepitt/traditions.htm | title = Internet Archive: The Panther Pitt: Pitt Traditions| date=2006-08-20 | accessdate = 2008-05-01 }}</ref>
'''Forbes Field Home Plate Slide''' is a tradition for good luck on midterm and finals in which students slide into or step on a former home plate from [[Forbes Field]], where the Pittsburgh Pirates played for many seasons. The plate is on display inside [[Wesley W. Posvar Hall|Posvar Hall]] near its original location.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/commencement/visitors/campus_tour.pdf
| title= Campus tour map
|date= |year= |month= |format= PDF |work= |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://books.google.com/books?id=VLU2z9ic3n0C&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=university+of+pittsburgh+forbes+home+plate+exams+good+luck&source=web&ots=tNmppZhIMl&sig=ljHnN3jqMThWLm2GPxefySZskX4
| title= ''University of Pittsburgh'' (''Off the Record'')
| last= Cruttenden |first= Jamie
|date= |year= |month= |pages= p. 6 |format= |work= |publisher= [[College Prowler]]
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.teenink.com/College/article.php?link=Past/2007/April/21186.xml
| title= University of Pittsburgh
| last= Copley | first= Chris M
|date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= Teen Ink
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/media/pcc050221/BHMseries_EDEKE.html
| title= “Edeke Has It!”
| last= Wojcichowski | first= Leigh Ann
| date= February 21, 2005 | work= Pitt Chronicle | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''Homecoming''', as in other universities, revolves around one home football game each year. Pitt's homecoming involves activities hosted by the Pitt Program Council highlighted by fireworks and a laser-light display between the [[William Pitt Union]] and the [[Cathedral of Learning]].<ref>{{cite video |title=Pitt Homecoming 2004 laser/fireworks............ part 4 of 4 |url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7n7TbrP1rfg | publisher = YouTube | location = Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | year2 = 2004 | accessdate = 2008-07-13}}</ref> This is followed by Casino Night in the union, the football game, and a homecoming cruise on a [[Gateway Clipper Fleet|Gateway Clipper Party Liner]].<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/homecoming.html
| title= Homecoming 2007
|date= 2007-09-29 | year= 2007 |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-05-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://media.www.pittnews.com/media/storage/paper879/news/2006/10/20/News/Homecoming.Events.Include.Fireworks.Lasers-2378818.shtml
| title= Homecoming events include fireworks, lasers
|last=Polantz |first=Katelyn |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= 2006-10-20| year= 2006 | work= | publisher= [[The Pitt News]]
| accessdate= 2008-05-01 }}</ref>
'''Honors Convocation''' is a ceremony begun in 1977 that is typically held in late winter to present awards and recognition for academic and service achievements of the students, faculty, alumni, and staff throughout the schools and departments of the university.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/convocation/index.html
| title= Honors Convocation
|date= | year= 2007 |month= |work= |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''Lantern Night''' is an annual ceremony, initiated in 1921 one of the University’s longest standing traditions. It is a formal induction for freshman women to university life and unites them as they begin their education at Pitt. Traditionally held on the evening before the first day of classes, the ceremony today takes place in [[Heinz Memorial Chapel|Heinz Chapel]]. Part of the Lantern Night tradition is for a distinguished alumna to give the freshman address, while other distinguished alumnae are flame bearers who light the lanterns given to each freshman woman as a keepsake.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.provost.pitt.edu/whistory/passage/passage.html#
| title= Rites of Passage
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
| year= 2003 | work= The History of Women at Pitt | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref name="lanternpanther"> {{cite web
| url= http://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/media/pcc020822/lanternpanther.html
| title= Lantern, Panther Ceremonies Set for Sunday
| last= Fogel | first= Jessica
|date= |year= |month=
| work= Pitt Campaign Chronicle | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''Night of the Panther''' is an annual ceremony for welcoming freshman men that corresponds to Lantern Night. The ceremony typically takes place in [[Alumni Hall (University of Pittsburgh)|Alumni Hall]] where men are presented with pins to symbolize strength.<ref name="lanternpanther"/>
'''Omicron Delta Kappa Walk''' is a stone walkway between the [[Cathedral of Learning]] and [[Heinz Memorial Chapel]] that contains the engraved names of Pitt's [[Omicron Delta Kappa]] Senior of the Year award winners. The walk is the only one of its kind in the country.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.honorscollege.pitt.edu/news-events/news-archive/odk.html
| title= Pitt Honors College Senior Greg Heller-LaBelle Named 2006 Omicron Delta Kappa Senior of the Year
| date= March 16, 2006
| work= University Honors College | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''Panther Sendoff''' is an annual free reception typically held in [[Alumni Hall (University of Pittsburgh)|Alumni Hall]] to congratulate each year's graduating class and wish them well.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.alumni.pitt.edu/impact/trad-right.html
| title= Student Traditions
|date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''University of Pittsburgh Annual Jazz Seminar and Concert''' is a fall lecture and concert series founded by [[Nathan Davis (saxophonist)|Dr. Nathan Davis]], professor in the Music Department, and University officials in 1970. Renowned jazz musicians, critics, and historians lead seminar sessions for students and others in the local jazz community. These sessions are free and open to the public and deal with topics ranging from entering the music business to practice techniques, composing, arranging, and individual instrument mastery. Previous musicians who have attending include [[Dizzy Gillespie]], [[Kenny Clarke]], [[Sonny Rollins]], [[Dexter Gordon]], and [[Max Roach]].<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/~pittjazz/seminar.html
| title= University of Pittsburgh Jazz Seminar & Concert
|author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date= |year= |month= |work= Jazz at Pitt | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
[[Image:FrickFineArtsCourtyard.jpg|200px|thumb|right|View from the cloister in the [[Frick Fine Arts Building]]]]
'''Varsity Walk''' is a walkway between the [[Cathedral of Learning]] and [[Heinz Memorial Chapel]] on which is carved the names of former Pitt athletes (each year since 1950) who have promoted the University through their athletic (Panther Award) or academic (Blue-Gold Award) achievements.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://pittsburghpanthers.cstv.com/trads/pitt-trads-walk.html
| title= The Varsity Walk
|date= |year= |month= | work= Traditions | publisher= PittsburghPanthers.com
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''Victory Lights''' is a tradition where golden flood lights illuminate the top of the Cathedral of Learning after every home football victory.<ref name="Pitt traditions"/><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://media.www.pittnews.com/media/storage/paper879/news/2002/09/18/Opinions/Homecoming.Must.Be.Preserved-1796200.shtml
| title= "Homecoming must be preserved" (editorial)
|date= 9/18/02 |publisher= ''[[The Pitt News]]''
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref> {{cite web
| url= http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=issueid%3a%3aissuedate&-sortorder=descend&keywords=victory%20lights&-max=50&-recid=33344&-find=
| title= "Secrets of the Cathedral: Starting at the top"
| date= September 11, 2003 |work= University Times | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''E-Week''' is a spring celebration organized by the Engineer Student Council for a week-long, fun-filled series of activities and competitions to demonstrate engineering skills and foster a spirit of camaraderie. Activities include games such as Monopoly, Ingenuity, Jeopardy, Assassins, and include a talent show, relay race, mini-Olympics, and blood drive. The festivities reach climax with a parade on Friday, a soapbox derby on Saturday, and the `e-ball finale` on Saturday evening. Each year, a unique theme is chosen. Each engineering department competes against the others, while some smaller departments join forces.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://media.www.pittnews.com/media/storage/paper879/news/2004/03/30/News/EWeeks.50th.Anniversary-1789965.shtml
| title= E-Week's 50th Anniversary
| last= Miller |first= Brenda
|date= 3/30/04 |publisher= ''The Pitt News''
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.engr.pitt.edu/news/article_view.php?id=1649
| title= Pitt's School of Engineering Holds 50th Annual E-Week March 18–26: Pittopoly, Duct Tape Challenge, and Soap Box Derby part of this year's festivities
| date= March 19, 2004
| publisher= Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''Greek Week''' Greek Week is a year long initive<!-- vandalism? --> for the Greek organizations on campus to raise money for different charitable organizations through different events. The two biggest events each year are the Pitt Dance Marthon and Greek Sing. The Pitt Greeks have signed a contract with the Hilman Cancer Research Center to raise $500,000 over the next five years.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.gogreek.pitt.edu/publications.html
| title= Panther Greeks
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
===Student Programs===
'''Bigelow Bash''' is a spring festival held by the Pitt Program Council between the [[William Pitt Union]] and the [[Cathedral of Learning]], involving a range of activities, novelties, and bands.
'''Fall Fest''' is a fall festival held by the Pitt Program Council between the [[William Pitt Union]] and the [[Cathedral of Learning]], also involving a range of activities, novelties, and bands.
'''Pitt Arts''' is a program founded by the University in 1997 to encourage students to explore and connect to the art and cultural opportunities of the City of Pittsburgh via three programs. ''Art Encounters'' provides trips to arts events for undergrads that include free tickets, transportation, a catered reception, and encounters with international artists and thinkers. ''Free Visits'' grants undergrad and grad students free admission using their Pitt IDs to the [[Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh|Carnegie Museum of Art]], [[Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh|Carnegie Museum of Natural History]], [[Heinz History Center|Senator John Heinz History Center]], [[Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens|Phipps Conservatory]], [[Mattress Factory]], and the [[Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh|Andy Warhol Museum]]. ''Cheap Seats'' is a program that everyone at Pitt can use to take advantage of deeply-discounted tickets to the most sought-after arts events in the area, including the Pittsburgh [[Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre|ballet]], [[Pittsburgh Opera|opera]], [[Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra|symphony]], theater, concerts, and other [[Cultural District, Pittsburgh|cultural district]] activities.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/~pittarts/
| title= PITT ARTS
|date= 4/9/08 |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.news.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-lay=a&-format=d.html&id=3327&-Find
| title= PITT ARTS Reaches More Than 32,000 Participants This Year
| date= April 24, 2008 | work= News From Pitt | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
===Student Organizations===
[[Image:TowersfromPosvar.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Litchfield Towers]] and [[David Lawrence Hall]] (right)]]
'''Pitt Program Council''' is the all-campus programming organization at the
University of Pittsburgh. Comprising eight student committees: Advertising, Arts, Lecture, Leisure Learning, Public Relations, Recreation, Special Events, and Travel, Pitt Program Council offers an unlimited variety
of programs and ways to get involved. Each committee is headed by a student Director, and committee members plan and execute dozens of events each semester, such as Fall Fest and Bigelow Bash, Homecoming Laser and Fireworks
Show, trips to New York City, Cedar Point, and spring break in Panama City Beach, FL, art gallery exhibits, films, horseback riding, sports tournaments, lectures, fitness and dance classes, and Black and White Ball. All planning committees are open to student involvement at any time.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/~ppc
| title= Pitt Program Council
|date= |year= |month= | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''Graduate and Professional Student Assembly (GPSA)''' is the student government that represents the interests of all graduate and professional student at the University of Pittsburgh and serves as the umbrella organization for all of the graduate/professional school student governments. GPSA's mission is to act as the voice of our constituents and to actively ensure that the concerns of these students are heard.
GPSA includes both the GPSA Assembly and Assembly Groups. As the chief governing body of GPSA, the Assembly is composed of the four executive officers as well as representatives from each school's student governments. The Groups are organizations designed to represent specific needs of university students across different schools. GPSA funds come from the student activity fee. Examples of programs and services GPSA provides include the following: Annual funding to each graduate school's student government (in addition to supplemental funds for which any student groups may apply); travel grants to students presenting at conferences;free legal and financial consulting services (in conjunction with the undergraduate Student Government Board); sponsorship of additional activities ranging from social functions to academic workshops; representation on university-wide committees such as Provost's Advisory Committees, University Senate Standing Committees, and others; and free mentorship services for undergraduate students interested in applying to grad school.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pittgpsa.org
| title= University of Pittsburgh Graduate and Professional Student Association
|date= |year= |month= | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''Blue and Gold Society''', founded in 1991, is a group of undergraduate student leaders chosen as liaisons between the student community and the Pitt Alumni Association.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/~bluegold/
| title= Blue and Gold Society
|date= 1/23/06 |publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''Pitt Pathfinders''' is a student-run organization that hosts campus tours, assists prospective students in making well-informed college-related decisions, and promotes Pitt pride.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pathfinders.pitt.edu/default.html
| title= Pitt Pathfinders
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''Quo Vadis''' is a student organization that conducts guided tours and interpretations of the [[Cathedral of Learning|Cathedral of Learning's]] 27 [[Nationality Rooms]].<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.sorc.pitt.edu/orgSearch.asp?ID=183&search=type&orgTypePick=7
| title= Quo Vadis
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''Telefact''' is an informational telephone service run by students that researches and answers callers' questions. The service is free to use and can be reached at 412-624-FACT.
'''University of Pittsburgh Mock Trial''' is a year long extracurricular activity open to Pitt undergraduates that provides an opportunity to learn about the practice of litigation through a series of team-based [[mock trial]] competitions. Pitt Mock Trial has qualified for American Mock Trial Association post-season tournaments each of the last six years, finishing in the fifth overall place at the 2008 National Championship Tournament.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pittmocktrial.org/Site/Welcome.html
| title= University of Pittsburgh Mock Trial
| date= 4.6.2008 |publisher=
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref><ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.news.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-lay=a&-format=d.html&id=3323&-Find
| title= Pitt Honors College Mock Trial Team Places Fifth in American Mock Trial Association National Competition
|date= April 23, 2008 | work= News From Pitt | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
'''[[William Pitt Debating Union]]''' is a co-curricular program and hub for a wide range of debating activities, including intercollegiate policy debate, public debate, and debate outreach. 1981 [[National Debate Tournament]] champions,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://groups.wfu.edu/NDT/Results/NDT%20results%201977-1986%20(31-40).pdf | title = Results from Previous National Debate Tournament, 1977-1986 | accessdate = 2008-02-28 }}</ref> it has qualified for the National Debate Tournament forty times<ref>{{cite web | url = http://groups.wfu.edu/NDT/HistoricalLists/particip.html | title = National Debate Tournament Participating Schools, 1947–2006 | publisher= [[Wake Forest University]] | accessdate = 2008-02-28 }}</ref> and is one of the oldest organizations of its kind in the nation, growing from the University’s Division of Public Speaking in 1912.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.comm.pitt.edu/debate/index.html
| title= William Pitt Debating Union
|date= 4/2/08 |publisher= Department of Communication, Univ. of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
===Student theater===
[[Image:StephenfosterDoors.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Pitt's [[Stephen Foster Memorial]] contains two theaters.]]
* '''University of Pittsburgh Repertory Theatre''', or Pitt Rep, is the production company of the Department of Theatre Arts which puts public student performances of classic masterpieces revivals, cutting-edge contemporary productions, and student-directed labs. It also runs the Shakespeare-in-the-Schools which tours classic theater for K-12 students throughout the Pittsburgh area.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.play.pitt.edu/
| title= University of Pittsburgh Department of Theatre Arts
| accessdate= 2008-06-08 }}</ref>
* '''[[Friday Nite Improvs]]''', Pittsburgh's longest-running theatre show, was started in 1989 by graduate theatre students. It takes place weekly inside the [[Cathedral of Learning]]'s studio theatre.
* '''[[Kuntu Repertory Theatre]]''', founded in 1974, is the second-oldest African American performing arts organization affiliated with a major research university. It promotes and encourages participation in theater arts centered on the African heritage and experience.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.kuntu.org/
| title= Kuntu Repertory Theatre
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
* The '''Redeye Theatre Project''' is a festival of one-act plays cast, written, and rehearsed in 24 hours.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/~sorc/rtp
| title= Redeye Theatre Project
|date= 17 february 2008 |publisher=
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
===Student Music===
*'''Heinz Chapel Choir''' is an accomplished and well-known ''a cappella'' choir consisting entirely of Pitt students that has been performing for over 65 years.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/~heinzcc/index.html
| title= Heinz Chapel Choir
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
*'''Pitt Men's Glee Club''', founded in 1890, is the oldest extracurricular club on campus. The club includes both undergraduate and graduate students, as well as staff members from throughout the University. Traditionally, the Glee Club has sung for a variety of campus-wide and community functions, including graduations, receptions, alumni gatherings, sporting events, and chancellor's events.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pittmensgleeclub.org/
| title= Pitt Men's Glee Club
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
*'''University of Pittsburgh Women's Choral Ensemble''', founded in 1927, is open to all women of the University including undergraduates, graduate students, and staff. The ensemble leads the traditional lamplighter processional each fall and performs repertory ranging from traditional sacred and secular classics to international folk songs, popular music, and show tunes.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.music.pitt.edu/performance/womensChoral.html
| title= Department of Music: Women's Choral Ensemble
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-06-08}}</ref>
*'''University of Pittsburgh Orchestra''' performs several concerts and consists of music students, students from the University at large, faculty, staff, and members of the metropolitan community. The orchestra performs not only works of the standard art music literature, but also new works of student composers.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.music.pitt.edu/performance/orchestra.html
| title= Department of Music: The University Orchestra
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-06-08}}</ref>
*'''Pitt Jazz Ensemble''', founded in 1969, has been recognized internationally as one of the best collegiate jazz groups. Under the direction of [[Nathan Davis (saxophonist)|Dr. Davis]], the ensemble has performed around the world.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.pitt.edu/~pittjazz/ensemble.html
| title= Pittsburgh Jazz Ensemble
| work= Jazz at Pitt | publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
*'''Pitt African Music and Dance Ensemble''', founded in 1983 by a Ghanaian ethnomusicologist Dr. Willie O. Anku, specializes in music and dances from Africa. Under the direction of J. S. Kofi Gbolonyo, it presents a complete African artistic expression including music, dance, drama and visual arts.<ref> {{cite web
| url= http://www.music.pitt.edu/performance/africanDrumming.html
| title= Department of Music: African Music and dance
| publisher= University of Pittsburgh
| accessdate= 2008-06-08 }}</ref>
*'''[[Pitt Band]]''', founded in 1911, is the varsity marching band of the University of Pittsburgh and performs at various athletic and other University events.
===Student Media===
[[Image:MusicbuildPitt.jpg|thumb|right|175px|[[Music Building (University of Pittsburgh)|Music Building]]]]
* '''[[WPTS-FM]]''' is a non-commercial [[radio station]] owned by the University of Pittsburgh, and offers a mix of student-run programming. The station operates at 92.1 [[Megahertz|MHz]] with an [[Effective radiated power|ERP]] of 16 watts, and is licensed to Pittsburgh. The station's [http://wpts.org web site] allows visitors to listen online.
* '''''[[JURIST]]''''' is the world's only law-school-based, comprehensive, legal news and research service staffed by a mostly-volunteer team of part-time law student reporters, editors and Web developers. It is led by law professor Bernard Hibbitts at the [[University of Pittsburgh School of Law]].
* '''''[[The Pitt News]]''''' is an independent, student-written, and student-managed newspaper for the University's Oakland (main) campus. Founded in 1908, it is now published Monday through Friday during the school year and Wednesdays during the summer. It circulates 14,000 copies for each issue published.
* '''[[UPTV (University of Pittsburgh Television)]]''' is a student-managed, student-produced, closed-circuit television station. As of June 2006, only students living in campus dormitories can receive the broadcast.
* '''''Three Rivers Review''''' and '''''Collision''''' are two undergraduate, bi-annual, literary journals publishing both poetry and prose.
* '''''The Pittsburgh Undergraduate Review''''' is a multidisciplinary journal showcasing undergraduate research.
* '''''Pitt Political Review''''' is a student-created, student-written publication of the University Honors College. PPR, as it is called, provides a venue for serious discussion of politics and policy issues in a nonpartisan way.
===Greek Life===
[[Image:Beta Theta Installation.JPG|300px|right|thumb|Beta Theta chapter of [[Sigma Chi]] Installation party [[November 6]], [[1909]].]]
{|
| valign="top" |
[[North-American Interfraternity Conference]](IFC)
*[[Alpha Epsilon Pi]]
*[[Delta Chi]]
*[[Delta Phi]]
*[[Delta Tau Delta]]
*[[Kappa Sigma]]
*[[Lambda Chi Alpha]]
*[[Phi Delta Theta]]
*[[Phi Kappa Theta]]
*[[Phi Sigma Kappa]]
*[[Pi Kappa Alpha]]
*[[Sigma Alpha Epsilon]]
*[[Sigma Alpha Mu]]
*[[Sigma Chi]]
*[[Sigma Phi Epsilon]]
*[[Tau Epsilon Phi]]
*[[Tau Kappa Epsilon]]
*[[Triangle Fraternity|Triangle]]
*[[Zeta Beta Tau]]
| valign="top" |
[[National Pan-Hellenic Council]] (NPHC)
*[[Alpha Kappa Alpha]]
*[[Alpha Phi Alpha]]
*[[Delta Sigma Theta]]
*[[Kappa Alpha Psi]]
*[[Omega Psi Phi]]
*[[Phi Beta Sigma]]
*[[Sigma Gamma Rho]]
*[[Zeta Phi Beta]]
| valign="top" |
[[National Panhellenic Conference]] (NPC)
*[[Alpha Delta Pi]]
*[[Alpha Epsilon Phi]]
*[[Chi Omega]]
*[[Delta Delta Delta]]
*[[Delta Phi Epsilon]]
*[[Delta Zeta]]
*[[Kappa Delta]]
*[[Kappa Kappa Gamma]]
*[[Sigma Delta Tau]]
*[[Sigma Sigma Sigma]]
*[[Theta Phi Alpha]]
Multicultural
*[[Theta Nu Xi]]
Co-ed Service Fraternity
*[[Alpha Phi Omega]]
Co-ed Honor Fraternity
*[[Phi Sigma Pi]]
|}
In 2005 the University of Pittsburgh [[Greek system]] raised a total of $119,000, and $101,000 in 2006 for the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute. This is part of the Pittsburgh Greek system's 5-year pledge to raise $500,000 for the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute.<ref>{{cite web
| url= http://www.gogreek.pitt.edu/awards.html
| title= Panther Greek Awards
| accessdate= 2008-04-29 }}</ref>
==Regional campuses==
Regional campuses offer [[Master's degree|Master's]], [[Bachelor's degree|Bachelor's]], and [[Associate's degree|Associate's]] degrees at four locations in [[Western Pennsylvania]]. They also allow students to take preliminary courses and relocate to other regional campuses or the Oakland campus to complete their degrees. They offer several degrees and certificates:
* [[University of Pittsburgh at Bradford]] - Master's, Bachelor's, Associate's and Certificate
* [[University of Pittsburgh (Greensburg)|University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg]] - Bachelor's and Certificate
* [[University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown]] - Bachelor's and Certificate
* [[University of Pittsburgh at Titusville]] - Bachelor's in Business Management and Arts in Human Relations, Associate's and Certificate
==References and notes==
<div style="height: 416px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border:1px solid #999999;" class="scrollbox">
{{Refbegin}}
[[Image:CathedralfromFrick.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Cathedral of Learning]] and the [[Stephen Foster Memorial]] as seen across [[Schenley Plaza]] from the [[Frick Fine Arts Building]].]]
{{reflist|2}}
{{Refend}}
</div>
==Pittsburgh Campus Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:CathedralFromSS.jpg|[[Cathedral of Learning]] from [[Soldiers and Sailors National Military Museum and Memorial|Sailors & Soldiers]]
Image:HillmanLibraryPitt.jpg|[[Hillman Library]]
Image:StephenFosterRear.jpg|[[Stephen Foster Memorial]]
Image:CathedralfromAlumni.jpg|Cathedral and [[Alumni Hall (University of Pittsburgh)|Alumni Hall]]
Image:BridgeOverForbesAvePitt.jpg|The bridge over Forbes Avenue
Image:Cathedral of Learning-TJG.JPG|Cathedral of Learning
Image:WPUpiano.jpg|Inside the Union
Image:Allegheny Observatory 2007a.jpg|[[Allegheny Observatory]]
Image:HeinzSpireCathedral.jpg|Cathedral (prior to 2007 cleaning) and Heinz Chapel
Image:Forbes Quadrangle2.jpg|Forbes Quadrangle
Image:AllenHall.jpg|[[Allen Hall (University of Pittsburgh)|Allen Hall]]
Image:Pittbannerwiki.jpg|The [[Petersen Events Center|Pete's]] [[panthers of Pittsburgh|Panther]] eyes the Cathedral
Image:HeinzNorthTranseptWindows.JPG|[[Heinz Memorial Chapel|Heinz Chapel]] windows
Image:ThawPitt.jpg|[[Thaw Hall]]
Image:AustrianRoom.jpg|The Austrian [[Nationality Rooms|Nationality Room]]
Image:ArmenianRoom.jpg|Armenian [[Nationality Rooms|Nationality Room]]
Image:Oakland.jpg|Looking to the east over [[Oakland (Pittsburgh)|Oakland's]] monumental architecture
Image:WPUfromtheCathedral.jpg|The [[Cathedral of Learning]] viewed from the [[William Pitt Union]]
[[Image:WPUForbesAve.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[William Pitt Union]]]]
Image:SchenleyPark1.JPG|Panther Hollow Lake in [[Schenley Park]]
Image:Forbesoakland.jpg|Intersection of Forbes Avenue (the main business district) and Oakland Avenue
</gallery>
==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
*[http://www.pitt.edu/ University of Pittsburgh official website]
*[http://www.pittsburghpanthers.com/ Pittsburgh Panthers intercollegiate athletics official website]
*[http://www.alumni.pitt.edu/ Pitt Alumni Association website]
*[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/d/documentingpitt/ Documenting Pitt Digital Library Archive]
*[http://www.gogreek.pitt.edu/ University of Pittsburgh Greek Life Website]
*[http://www.pittnews.com Official Pitt News Website]
*[http://www.honorscollege.pitt.edu/community/student-publications.html Honors College Publications]
{{University of Pittsburgh}}
{{Pittsburgh universities}}
{{Public universities in Pennsylvania}}
{{Association of American Universities}}
{{Big East Conference}}
{{Eastern Wrestling League}}
{{East Atlantic Gymnastics League}}
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