Urethritis
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2008-07-08T07:27:32Z
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{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Urethritis |
Image = |
Caption = |
DiseasesDB = 27902 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|N|34||n|30}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|597}} {{ICD9|099.4}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = |
eMedicineSubj = med |
eMedicineTopic = 2342 |
MeshID = D014526 |
}}
'''Urethritis''' is inflammation of the [[urethra]]. The main symptom is [[dysuria]], which is painful or difficult urination.
==Diagnosis==
A [[cotton swab]] is inserted 1–4 cm into the urethra and rotated once. The swab is then smeared onto a glass slide and examined under a microscope. A commonly used cut-off for the diagnosis of urethritis is 5 or more [[polymorphonucleocyte|polymorphs]] per high power field, but this definition has recently been called into doubt.<ref name="Bradshaw2006">{{cite journal
| author=Bradshaw CS ''et al.''
| title=Etiologies of Nongonococcal Urethritis: Bacteria, Viruses, and the Association with Orogenital Exposure
| journal=J Infect Dis
| volume=193
| issue=3
| pages=333–5
}}</ref>
Tests of [[gonorrhoea]] and [[Chlamydia infection|chlamydia]] are sent on the swab.
==Causes==
In the diagnostic approach to urethritis, physicians classify the disease as [[gonorrhoea|gonococcal urethritis]] or [[non-gonococcal urethritis]] (NGU), based on its causation. Non-gonococcal urethritis, sometimes called non-specific urethritis (NSU), has both infectious and non-infectious causes. In men, [[purulent]] discharge usually indicates a urethritis of gonococcal nature, while clear discharge indicates urethritis of non-gonococcal nature. Urethritis is difficult to diagnose in women because discharge may not be present, however, the symptoms of [[dysuria]] and frequency may be present.
Causes include:
* [[Adenovirus]]
* ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''
* ''[[Escherichia coli]]''
* [[Herpes simplex]]
* ''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]''
* ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]''
* [[Reiter's syndrome]]
* ''[[Trichomonas]]'' spp.
==Symptoms==
Discharge (milky or pus-like) from the penis, stinging or burning during urination, itching, tingling, burning or irritation inside the penis.
==Treatment==
A variety of drugs may be prescribed based on the cause of the patient's urethritis. Some examples of medications based on causes include:
*[[Clotrimazole]] (Mycelex) - [[Trichomonas]]
*[[Doxycycline]] (Vibramycin) - [[Chlamydia infection|Chlamydia]]
*[[Fluconazole]] (Diflucan) - Monilial
*[[Metronidazole]] (Flagyl) - [[Trichomonas]]
*[[Nitrofurantoin]] - Bacterial Infection
*[[Nystatin]] (Mycostatin) - Monilial
*[[Co-trimoxazole]], which is a combination of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in a ratio of 5 to 1 (Septrin, Bactrim) - Bacterial Infection
Proper perineal hygiene should be stressed. This includes avoiding use of vaginal deodorant sprays and proper wiping after urination and bowel movements. Intercourse should be avoided until symptoms subside.
==References==
<references/>
{{STD/STI}}
{{Nephrology}}
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
{{med-stub}}
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