Utility model
2279413
219579707
2008-06-15T22:50:54Z
DumZiBoT
6085301
robot Adding: [[it:Modello di utilità]]
{{Intellectual property}}
A '''utility model''' is an [[intellectual property]] right to protect [[invention]]s. This right is available in a number of national [[legislation]]s, such as [[Argentina]], [[Austria]], [[Brazil]], [[Chile]], [[China]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Italy]], [[Japan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Mexico]], [[Morocco]], [[Philippines]], [[Poland]], [[Portugal]], [[Russia]], [[South Korea]], [[Spain]], [[Taiwan]], [[Uzbekistan]], etc. <ref> WIPO web site, [http://www.wipo.int/sme/en/ip_business/utility_models/where.htm Where can Utility Models be Acquired?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It is very similar to the [[patent]], but usually has a shorter [[term of patent|term]] (often 6 or 10 years) and less stringent [[patentability]] requirements.
The [[Germany|German]] and [[Austria]]n utility model is called the "''[[Gebrauchsmuster]]''", which influenced some other countries such as in Japan. The utility model in Indonesia and Finland is called a "Petty Patent"
==Definition==
A utility model is a statutory monopoly granted for a limited time in exchange for an inventor providing sufficient teaching of his or her invention to permit a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art to perform the invention. The rights conferred by utility model laws are very similar to those granted by patent laws, but are more suited to what may be considered as "incremental inventions"<ref>U. Suthersanen, Incremental Inventions in Europe: A Legal and Economic Appraisal of Second Tier Patents, in Journal of Business Law, 2001, 319 ff</ref>. Terms such as "petty patent", "innovation patent", "minor patent", and "small patent" may also be considered to fall within the definition of "utility model".<ref>Kelsey Martin Mott, The Concept of the Small Patent, in The International Business Executive, 5 February 2007, Volume 5, Issue 3 , pp 23 - 24</ref> A "utility innovation" is available in Malaysia. <ref>[http://www.myipo.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=7 Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (MyIPO) - Patent Manual and Specification<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==Requirements for grant==
Most countries having utility model laws require that the invention be new. However, many patent or utility model offices do not conduct substantive examination and merely grant the utility model after checking that utility model applications comply with formalities. Some countries exclude particular subject matter from utility model protection. For example, methods, plants and animals are normally barred from utility model protection.
In [[Germany]] a utility model is considered to be new if it does not form part of the state of the art. The state of the art comprises any knowledge made available to the public by means of a written description or by use within Germany before the date relevant for the priority of the application. Description or use within the six months preceding the date relevant for the priority of the application shall not be taken into consideration if it is based on the conception of the applicant or his predecessor in title. <ref>Utility Model Law § 3 Abs. 1</ref>
In [[Spain]], the [[novelty (patent)|novelty]] requirement for obtaining a utility model ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''modelo de utilidad'') is "relative", i.e. only public written disclosure of the invention in Spain is prejudicial against the novelty of the invention [[claim (patent)|claim]]ed in the utility model. This is in sharp contrast with Spanish patents for which absolute novelty is required. What constitutes a "disclosure of the invention ''in Spain''" has been the subject of two recent decisions of the [[Spanish Supreme Court]] <ref>RJ 1996/7239 "''Scott c. Sarrió y Sarrió Tisú''" and RJ 2004/2740 "''PEMSA c. Interflex''"</ref>.
==Application==
{{Primarysources|date=March 2008}}
Utility model applications may be prepared and filed at local patent offices in countries where utility model protection is available. Alternatively, an international patent application may be filed in a country belonging to the [[Patent Cooperation Treaty]]. Most countries belonging to the treaty and having utility model laws permit utility model applications to proceed as national phase applications of the international patent application.
The table below is a list of countries having utility model protection under various names as at March 2008.<ref>[http://www.billanderson.com.au/pats_frame.htm Bill's Patent Attorney Stuff<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> {{Primary source claim|date=March 2008}}
<center>
<table border="1" cellspacing="1" width="75%" cellpadding="2">
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">'''Country'''</td>
<td width="10%">'''Type of Protection'''</td>
<td width="10%">'''Maximum Term'''</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">'''PCT route available'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/pdf/typesprotection.pdf |title=Types of Protection under the PCT |accessdate=2008-02-12}}</ref></td>
<td align="center" width="10%">'''Conversion from Patent Application'''</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Albania]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ladas.com/BULLETINS/1994/1194Bulletin/Albania_NewIPLaw.html |title=Ladas & Parry Newsletter, November 2004 |accessdate=2008-02-16}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wipo.int/pct/guide/en/gdvol2/annexes/al.pdf |title=PCT Applicants Guide - Albania |accessdate=2008-02-16}}</ref></td>
<td width="10%"> utility model</td>
<td width="10%"> 10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Angola]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 104, January 2006.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">no set term</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Argentina]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 113, September 2007.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[ARIPO]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aripo.org/index.php?lng=en|title=ARIPO website |accessdate=2008-04-27}}</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">8 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Armenia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/ipstats/en/resources/pdf/armenia.pdf |title=WIPO Information on Armenia |accessdate=2008-04-27}}</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Aruba]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 111, May 2007.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">small patent</td>
<td width="10%">6 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes via Netherlands</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Australia]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 110, March 2007.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">innovation patent</td>
<td width="10%">8 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Not unless by division</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Austria]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 110, March 2007.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes by division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Azerbaijan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cipr.org/legal_reference/countries/azerbaijan/Azerb_Patent_ENG.pdf |title=Coalition for Intellectual Property Rights - Information on Armenia |accessdate=2008-04-27}}</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">unknown</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Belarus]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 108, November 2006.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">8 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Belgium]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 114, November 2007.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">short patent</td>
<td width="10%">6 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Belize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://belizecorporateip.com/faqs-pt.shtml |title=Belize Corporate & IP Services |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">7 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Bolivia]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 113, September 2007.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Botswana]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ladas.com/BULLETINS/1997/1297Bulletin/Botswana_NewIPLaw.html |title=Ladas & Parry Newsletter, December 1997 |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">7 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Brazil]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 106, June 2006.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Bulgaria]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 104, January 2006.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Chile]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 111, May 2007.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[China]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 101, June 2005.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model patent</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Colombia]]<ref>Manual for the Handling of applications for patents, designs and trade marks throughout the world, Kluwer Law International, Update No. 90, November 2001.</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably by division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Costa Rica]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/pdf/es/cr/cr002es.pdf |title=WIPO Collection of laws for electronic access |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">12 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Czech Republic]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes by division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Denmark]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes by division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Ecuador]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes by division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Estonia]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">8 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Ethiopia]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">unknown</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">unknown</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Finland]]</td>
<td width="10%">petty patent</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[France]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpo.go.jp/shiryou_e/toushin_e/shingikai_e/pdf/en_utility/material3.pdf |title=Comparison of Utility Model Laws by Nation |accessdate=2008-032-10}}</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">6 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">8 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Germany]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Ghana]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">7 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Greece]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">7 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Guatemala]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Honduras]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">15 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Hungary]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Indonesia]]</td>
<td width="10%">Petty Patent/Simple Patent</td>
<td width="10%">5 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Ireland]]</td>
<td width="10%">short term patent</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Italy]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Japan]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 - 15 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Kazakhstan]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">8 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Kenya]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">12 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">Korea (south)</td>
<td width="10%">utility patent</td>
<td width="10%">15 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Kuwait]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">7 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Kyrgyzstan]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">unknown</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Laos]]</td>
<td width="10%">petty patent</td>
<td width="10%">7 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Lesotho]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">7 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Macau]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">unknown</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Malaysia]]</td>
<td width="10%"> utility innovation</td>
<td width="10%">15 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Mexico]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model patent</td>
<td width="10%">5 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes. Art. 49 of the Mexican Law for Industrial Property</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">Mexico</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Moldova]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">unknown</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Mozambique]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">unknown</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Netherlands]]</td>
<td width="10%">short term patent</td>
<td width="10%">6 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Nicaragua]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">unknown</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">OAPI</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">8 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably not</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Panama]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Peru]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model patent</td>
<td width="10%">5 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Philippines]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">15 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Poland]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Portugal]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">no set term</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Russia]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">8 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Sierra Leone]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">unknown</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Slovakia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indprop.gov.sk/pdf/en/pravo_92478.pdf |title=Slovak Law on Utility Models, No. 478 of 1992 |accessdate=2008-02-16}}</ref></td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Slovenia]]</td>
<td width="10%">short term patent</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[South Africa]]</td>
<td width="10%">functional design</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Spain]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Taiwan]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10-12 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Tajikistan]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">9 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">Tangier Zone</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Tonga]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">7 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Trinidad and Tobago]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility certificate</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Turkey]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Uganda]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility certificate</td>
<td width="10%">7 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Ukraine]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">8 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[United Arab Emirates]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Uruguay]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model patent</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Uzbekistan]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">8 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">probably</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Venezuela]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">10 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">No</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="10%">[[Vietnam]]</td>
<td width="10%">utility model</td>
<td width="10%">6 years</td>
<td width="10%" align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center" width="10%">Yes</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
== References ==
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{{reflist}}
[[Category:patent law]]
[[bar:Gebrauchsmuschter]]
[[da:Brugsmodel]]
[[de:Gebrauchsmuster]]
[[it:Modello di utilità]]
[[ja:実用新案権]]
[[pl:Wzór użytkowy]]
[[ru:Полезная модель]]
[[uk:Корисна модель]]