VCAM-1
5543301
224271589
2008-07-08T02:35:04Z
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{{PBB|geneid=7412}}
'''Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1''', also known as '''VCAM1''', is a human [[gene]].
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| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene is a member of the Ig superfamily and encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium. This type I membrane protein mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction, and may play a role in the development of artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: VCAM1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7412| accessdate = }}</ref>
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'''VCAM-1''' ('''vascular [[cell adhesion molecule]]-1'''), also known as '''CD106''', is a [[molecule]] with a considerable role in the human [[immune system]].
==Structure==
VCAM-1 contains six or seven [[immunoglobulin]] domains, and is expressed on both large and small [[vessels]] only after the [[endothelial]] cells are stimulated by [[cytokine|cytokines]].
==Function==
VCAM-1 promotes the adhesion of [[lymphocyte]]s, [[monocyte|monocytes]], [[eosinophil|eosinophils]], and [[basophil|basophils]]. Interestingly, certain [[melanoma]] cells can use VCAM-1 to adhere to the endothelium, and VCAM-1 may participate in monocyte recruitment to [[atherosclerotic]] sites. As a result, VCAM-1 is a potential [[drug]] target.
Upregulation of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells by cytokines occurs as a result of increased [[gene transcription]] (e.g., in response to [[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] (TNF-α) and [[Interleukin-1]], aka IL-1) and through stabilization of [[Messenger RNA]] (mRNA) (e.g., [[Interleukin-4]], aka IL-4). The promoter region of the VCAM-1 gene contains functional tandem [[NF-kB]] (nuclear factor-kappa B) sites.
The sustained expression of VCAM-1 lasts over 24 hours. Primarily, VCAM-1 is an endothelial [[ligand]] for [[VLA-4]] (Very Late Antigen-1 or α4β1) of the β1 subfamily of [[integrin]]s, and for integrin α4β7. VCAM-1 expression has also been observed in other cell types (e.g., [[smooth muscle cells]]).
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Yonekawa K, Harlan JM |title=Targeting leukocyte integrins in human diseases. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=77 |issue= 2 |pages= 129–40 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15548573 |doi= 10.1189/jlb.0804460 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wu TC |title=The role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in tumor immune evasion. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=67 |issue= 13 |pages= 6003–6 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17616653 |doi= 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1543 }}
}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
* {{MeshName|VCAM-1}}
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Cell adhesion molecules}}
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