Valerie Plame 333091 226032016 2008-07-16T14:59:35Z 86.140.179.14 /* Fair Game */ {{Infobox Writer |name = Valerie Plame Wilson |birthname = Valerie Elise Plame |birthdate = {{birth date and age|1963|4|19}} |birthplace = [[Anchorage, Alaska]] |deathdate = |deathplace = |image = Valerie Plame BrownU.jpg |image_size = upright |caption = Presenting a lecture on her book ''[[Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House|Fair Game]]'', at [[Brown University]], in [[Providence, Rhode Island]], on [[December 4]], [[2007]]. |occupation = [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] officer <small>(1985–2005)</small> |nationality = [[United States|American]] |genre = [[Autobiography]], [[Memoir]], [[Political criticism]] |notableworks = ''[[Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House]]'' |spouse = [[Joseph C. Wilson|Joseph C. Wilson, IV]] <small>(1998– )</small><br />Todd Sesler <small>(1985–1986)</small> |children = two <small>(with Wilson)</small> |website = http://wilsonsupport.org/ }} '''Valerie Elise Plame Wilson''' (born [[19 April]] [[1963]]), known as '''Valerie Plame''', '''Valerie E. Wilson''', and '''Valerie Plame Wilson''', and the wife of former Ambassador [[Joseph C. Wilson|Joseph C. Wilson, IV]], is a former [[United States]] [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] [[National Clandestine Service#Officers|Operations Officer]], whose [[Non-official cover|covert]] identity was [[Classified information|classified]].<ref name=FG>"[[Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House]]".</ref><ref name=GTN/><ref name=LiptakAug>Adam Liptak, [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/03/washington/03plame.html?_r=1&oref=login "Judge Backs C.I.A. in Suit On Memoir"], ''[[The New York Times]]'' [[August 3]], [[2007]], accessed [[March 23]], [[2008]].</ref><ref name=ExhibitA>{{PDFlink|[http://thenexthurrah.typepad.com/the_next_hurrah/files/sentencing_memo_exhibits.pdf "Unclassified Summary of Valerie Wilson's CIA Employment and Cover History"]|2.63&nbsp;[[Mebibyte|MiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 2762013 bytes -->}}, "Exhibit A" in sentencing memorandum exhibits, [[United States v. Libby]], online posting of public document, ''The Next Hurrah'' (blog), [[May 26]], [[2007]]: 2-3.</ref><ref name=Salon>Cf. [http://www.salon.com/news/primary_sources/2007/05/30/plame/ "Valerie Plame, Covert After All"] ("Though some on the right have denied it, Plame was a [[Non-official cover|covert]] [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] operative when she was exposed by [[Robert Novak]]. Read the document that proves It."), ''[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]]'', [[May 30]], [[2007]], accessed [[August 12]], [[2007]]. Includes screen shots of the [[PDF]] (three pages).</ref><ref name=Leiby>Richard Leiby, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/28/AR2005102801172.html "Valerie Plame, the Spy Who Got Shoved Out into the Cold"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[October 29]], [[2005]], accessed [[August 22]], [[2007]].</ref> After working for the CIA for twenty years, she retired in December 2005, as a result of the publication and compromising of her classified cover identity by an American journalist in the summer of 2003.<ref name=Solomon>John Solomon, [http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-07-15-rove-testimony_x.htm "Rove Learned CIA Agent's Name from Novak"], ''[[USA Today]]'', [[July 15]], [[2005]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]].</ref><ref name=Seidman>Joel Seidman (Producer, [[NBC News]]), [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18924679/ "Plame Was 'covert' Agent at Time of Name Leak: Newly Released Unclassified Document Details CIA Employment"], ''[[MSNBC]]'', [[May 29]], [[2007]], accessed [[August 10]], [[2007]].</ref> On [[14 July]], [[2003]], [[Robert Novak]] identified "Wilson's wife" publicly as "an agency operative on [[weapons of mass destruction]]" named "Valerie Plame" in his syndicated column in ''[[The Washington Post]]''.<ref name=Mission>[[Robert Novak|Robert D. Novak]], [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102000874.html "Mission to Niger"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[July 14]], [[2003]], A21, accessed [[8 July]], [[2007]].</ref> In that column Novak was responding to an [[op-ed]] entitled "What I Didn't Find in Africa," written by Wilson and published in the ''[[New York Times]]'' the previous week, on [[July 6]], [[2003]]. In his op-ed, Wilson stated that the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|George W. Bush administration]] exaggerated unreliable claims that [[Iraq]] intended to purchase [[uranium]] [[yellowcake]] from [[Niger]] to support the administration's arguments that Iraq was proliferating weapons of mass destruction so as to justify its preemptive [[Iraq War|war in Iraq]].<ref name=Wilsonoped>[[Joseph C. Wilson|Joseph C. Wilson, IV]], [http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/06/opinion/06WILS.html?ei=5007&en=6c6aeb1ce960dec0&ex=1372824000&partner=permalink "What I Didn't Find in Africa"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[July 6]], [[2003]], accessed [[July 9]], [[2007]]; rpt. as [http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0706-02.htm "What I Didn't Find in Africa"], ''[[Common Dreams NewsCenter]]'', [[July 6]], [[2002]], accessed [[July 9]], [[2007]].</ref> Novak's public disclosure of Mrs. Wilson's then-still-classified [[Non-official cover|covert]] CIA identity as "Valerie Plame" precipitated what is known as the [[Plame affair]], leading to the [[CIA leak grand jury investigation]], which resulted in the [[indictment]] , [[conviction]] and commuted sentence by President Bush of [[Lewis Libby|I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby]] in ''[[United States v. Libby]]'' on charges of [[perjury]], [[obstruction of justice]], and [[USC Title 18, Section 1001|making false statements]] to [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|federal investigators]]. An ongoing [[lawsuit|civil lawsuit]] filed by the Wilsons, ''[[Plame v. Cheney]]'', against current and former government officials, followed, but was dismissed on [[July 19]], [[2007]], in the [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia|District Court for the District of Columbia]]. The Wilsons [[United States court of appeals|appealed]] the decision the next day. Mrs. Wilson's [[memoir]], ''[[Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House|Fair Game]]'', was published on [[October 22]], [[2007]]. ==Personal History== ===Early family life=== Valerie Elise Plame was born on [[April 19]], [[1963]], on [[Elmendorf Air Force Base]], in [[Anchorage, Alaska]], to Diane and Samuel Plame.<ref name=GTN/><ref name=APbio>[[Associated Press]], [http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001392451 "The Real Valerie Plame"], reposted in ''[[Editor and Publisher]]'', [[May 30]], [[2005]], accessed [[August 12]], [[2007]].</ref> Plame's paternal great-grandfather was a [[Rabbi]] who immigrated from the [[Ukraine]]; the original family surname was "Plamevotski" (Wilson, ''Fair Game'' 173). Growing up in "a military family ... imbued her with a sense of public duty"; her father was a lieutenant colonel in the [[United States Air Force]], who worked for the [[National Security Agency]] for three years, and, according to her "close friend Janet Angstadt," her parents "are the type who are still volunteering for the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]] and [[Meals on Wheels]] in the [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]] suburb where they live," having moved to that area while Plame was still in school.<ref name=VanityFair>Vicky Ward,[http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2004/01/plame200401?printable=true&currentPage=all "Double Exposure:] As White House Powerhouse Karl Rove Becomes Increasingly Entangled in the C.I.A. Officer-outing Affair, VF.com Reprises This January 2004 Article on the Iraq-weapons Controversy That Embroiled Former Ambassador Joseph Wilson and His Wife, Valerie Plame—Both of Whom Opened Up to Vanity Fair", ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', January 2004, rpt. ''vanityfair.com'', accessed [[July 10]], [[2007]] (11 pages). Cf. Vicky Ward, [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-6240455_ITM "Double Exposure:] Former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson and His Wife, C.I.A. Operative Valerie Plame, Are at the Center of Controversy Over President Bush's Bogus Claim, in Last Year's State of the Union Address, That Saddam Had Tried to Buy Uranium in Africa", ''[[AccessMyLibrary]]'', [[January 1]], [[2004]], accessed [[July 10]], [[2007]](original text; free access to full text with registration on site).</ref><!--This version is useful in the event that the VF magazine link becomes inaccessible; that has been the case in the past. These links are provided for the current and future convenience of Wikipedia readers. The captions provide important contexts for these online reliable and verifiable sources for the print magazine article.--> ===Education=== She graduated in 1981 from Lower Moreland High School, in [[Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania]],<ref name=Spivak>Rachel Spivak, [http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2003/10/10-09-03tdc/10-09-03dnews-08.asp "CIA Agent Linked to Collegian"], ''The Daily Collegian Online'', [[October 9]], [[2003]], accessed [[December 11]], [[2007]].</ref><ref name=Goffard>Christopher Goffard, [http://www.tampabay.com/SearchForwardServlet.do?articleId=258941 "Valerie Plame: Smart, Private, 'Waltons' Fan"], ''[[St. Petersburg Times]]'', ''tampabay.com'', [[August 8]], [[2005]], accessed [[June 8]], [[2008]].</ref> and attended [[Pennsylvania State University]], graduating with a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] in advertising in 1985.<ref name=VanityFair/> While a student at Penn State, she was a member of the [[Pi Beta Phi]] [[Fraternities and sororities|sorority]].<ref name="FG" /> and worked for the business section of the ''[[The Daily Collegian (Pennsylvania)|Daily Collegian]]'' [[student newspaper]].<ref name=VanityFair/> By 1991, Plame earned two [[master's degree]]s, from the [[London School of Economics|London School of Economics and Political Science]] and the [[College of Europe]] (Collège d'Europe), in [[Bruges]], [[Belgium]].<ref name=GTN/><ref name=VanityFair/> In addition to [[English language|English]], she speaks [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], and [[Modern Greek|Greek]].<ref name=VanityFair/> ===Marriages and family=== After graduating from Penn State in 1985, Plame was briefly married to Todd Sesler, her college boyfriend.<ref name=VanityFair/> Over a decade after they divorced, in 1997, while she was working for the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA), Plame met former Ambassador [[Joseph C. Wilson, IV]] "at a reception in Washington ... at the residence of the [[Turkey|Turkish]] Ambassador."<ref name=WilsonPolitics>Joseph C. Wilson, ''[[The Politics of Truth]]: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed my Wife's CIA Identity: A Diplomat's Memoir'' (2004; New York: Carroll & Graf, 2005) 240–42. (Additional page references appear within parentheses in the text.)</ref> According to Wilson, because she was unable to reveal her [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] role to him on their first date, she told him that she was an energy trader in [[Brussels]], and he thought at that time that she was "an up-and-coming international executive".<ref name=Goffard/> After they began dating and became "close," Plame revealed her employment with the CIA to Wilson (Wilson, ''Politics of Truth'' 242).<ref name=Goffard/> They were married on [[April 3]], [[1998]], Plame's second marriage and Wilson's third (Wilson, ''Politics of Truth'' 273). Professionally and socially, she has used variants of her name. Professionally, while a [[Non-official cover|covert]] CIA officer, she used her given first name and her maiden surname, "Valerie Plame." Since leaving the CIA, as a speaker, she has used the name "Valerie Plame Wilson," and she is referred to by that name in the [[civil suit]] that the Wilsons brought against former and current government officials, ''Plame v. Cheney''.<ref name=GTN>[http://www.greatertalent.com/speakers/speakers.php?speakerid=649 "Valerie Plame Wilson:] 'Outed' Former CIA Agent: Exclusive Representation by Greater Talent Network". Accessed [[July 10]], [[2007]]. (Official biography listed in Speaker's Bureau of [http://www.greatertalent.com/ Greater Talent Network Inc.]).</ref> Socially, and in public records of her political contributions, since her marriage in 1998, she has used the name "Valerie E. Wilson." At the time that they met, Wilson relates in his memoir, he was [[Legal separation|separated]] from his second wife Jacqueline, a former [[French people|French]] diplomat; they [[divorce]]d after 12 years of marriage so that he could marry Plame. His divorce had been "delayed because I was never in one place long enough to complete the process," though he and she had already been living separate lives since the mid-90s.<ref name=WilsonPolitics/> Plame and Wilson are the parents of twins, Trevor Rolph and Samantha Finnell Diana, born in [[January 2000]]. From his first marriage (1973-1986), to Susan Dale Otchis, Wilson is also the father of another set of twins (also a boy and a girl), Sabrina Cecile and Joseph Charles, who were born in 1975. Prior to the disclosure of her classified CIA identity, Valerie and Joe Wilson and their twins lived in the Palisades, an affluent neighborhood of [[Washington, D.C.]], on the fringe of [[Georgetown, Washington, D.C.|Georgetown]].<ref name=VanityFair/> After she resigned from the CIA following the disclosure of her covert status, in January 2006, they moved to [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]].<ref name=WilsonIndependent>Andrew Buncombe and [[Joseph C. Wilson|Joe Wilson]],[http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article2368902.ece "The Valerie Plame Case: My Wife, the CIA Agent, by Joe Wilson"], ''[[The Independent]]'', [[March 18]], [[2007]], accessed [[August 7]], [[2007]]. (Interview.)</ref><ref name=LiptakAug/> ==Career== After graduating from college, moving to [[Washington, D.C.]], and marrying Sesler, she "worked at a clothing store," while awaiting results of her application to the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]].<ref name=VanityFair/> She was accepted into the 1985-86 CIA officer training class and began her training for what would become a twenty-year career with the Agency.<ref name=LiptakAug/> Although the CIA will not release publicly the specific dates from 1985 to 2002 when she worked for it, due to security concerns,<ref name=Liptak/><ref name=LiptakAug/> Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald affirmed that Plame "was a CIA officer from January 1st, 2002, forward" and that "her association with the CIA was classified at that time through July 2003.<ref name=Fitzgeraldpress>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/28/AR2005102801340.html "Transcript of Special Counsel Fitzgerald's Press Conference"], ''[[Washington Post]]'', [[October 28]], [[2005]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]].</ref> Due to the nature of her clandestine work for the CIA, many details about Plame's professional career are still classified, but it is documented that she worked for the CIA in a [[Non-official cover|clandestine]] capacity relating to [[counter-proliferation]].<ref name=Fitzgeraldaffidavit>[[Patrick Fitzgerald]], [http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/libby-fitzgerald-affidavit-20060203.pdf "August 27, 2004 Affadavit of Patrick J. Fitzgerald] Placed in Public File Pursuant to Opinion Released February 3, 2006", online posting, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', [[February 3]], [[2006]]: 28 n. 15, accessed [[August 7]], [[2007]].</ref><ref name=ExhibitA/><ref name=Salon/><ref name=LiptakAug/></blockquote> Plame served the CIA as a [[Non-official cover|non-official cover (or NOC)]], operating undercover in (at least) two positions in [[Athens]] and [[Brussels]].<ref name=Bumiller>Elisabeth Bumiller, "[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9806E7D8123CF936A35753C1A9659C8B63 Debating a Leak: The Director: C.I.A. Chief Is Caught in Middle by Leak Inquiry]", ''[[New York Times]]'', [[October 5]] [[2003]].</ref> While using her own name, "Valerie Plame," her assignments required posing in various professional roles in order to gather intelligence more effectively.<ref name=JohnsonBigLie>[[Larry C. Johnson]], [http://www.tpmcafe.com/story/2005/7/13/04720/9340 "The Big Lie about Valerie Plame"], ''tpmcafe.com'' (Special Guest blog), [[June 13]], [[2005]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]]. (Johnson is "a former CIA analyst who was in Plame's officer training class in 1985-86" and Deputy Director for Special Operations, Transportation Security, and Anti-Terrorism Assistance in the U.S. State Department's Office of Counter Terrorism until [[October 1993]].)</ref><ref name=DuffyBurger>Michael Duffy and Timothy J. Burger, [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,524486-1,00.html "NOC, NOC. Who's There? A Special Kind of Agent"], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', [[October 19]], [[2003]], accessed [[September 25]], [[2006]].</ref><ref name=LeibyandPriest>Richard Leiby and [[Dana Priest]], [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A58650-2003Oct7?language=printer "The Spy Next Door:] Valerie Wilson, Ideal Mom, Was Also the Ideal Cover", ''[[Washington Post]]'', [[October 8]], [[2003]]: A01, accessed [[October 31]], [[2006]].</ref> Two of her covers include serving as a junior consular officer in the early 1990s in Athens and then later an energy analyst for the private company (founded in 1994) "[[Brewster Jennings & Associates]]", which the CIA later acknowledged was a [[front company]] for certain investigations.<ref name=Kuhn>Carolyn Kuhn, [http://dc.indymedia.org/newswire/display/137645/index.php "Libby Trial: Plame, Brewster, Ellmann, Edwards, Dennehy, Jennings: Not Secret?"], ''dc.indymedia.org'' ([[Washington, D.C.]] "newswire"), [[January 31]], [[2007]], accessed [[May 5]], [[2007]]. </ref> John Crewdson, senior correspondent for the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', notes that a former senior diplomat in Athens remembered Plame in her dual role and also recalled "that she served as one of the 'control officers' coordinating the visit of President [[George H.W. Bush]] to [[Greece]] and Turkey in [[July 1991]]."<ref name=Crewdson>John Crewdson, [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-060311plame-story,1,2504459.story? "Plame's identity, if truly a secret, was thinly veiled,"] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' [[March 11]], [[2006]], accessed [[September 25]], [[2006]].</ref> After the Gulf War in 1991, the CIA sent her first to the [[London School of Economics]] and then the [[College of Europe]], in [[Bruges]], for [[Master's degree]]s. After earning the second one, she stayed on in Brussels, where she began her next assignment [[Non-official cover|under cover]] as an "energy consultant" for Brewster-Jennings.<ref name=VanityFair/> Beginning in 1997, Plame's primary assignment was shifted to the CIA headquarters in [[Langley, Virginia]]. She married Wilson in 1998 and gave birth to their twins in 2000,<ref name=Memmot>Mark Memmott, [http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-07-14-cia-wilson_x.htm "CIA 'outing' Might Fall Short of Crime"], ''[[USA Today]]'', [[July 14]], [[2005]], accessed [[September 25]], [[2006]].</ref> and resumed travel overseas in 2001, 2002, and 2003 "as part of her cover job. She met with folks who worked in the nuclear industry, cultivated sources, and managed spies. She was a national security asset until exposed. . . ."<ref name=JohnsonIsMax>Larry C. Johnson, [http://noquarter.typepad.com/my_weblog/2005/11/ "Is Max Boot Using Oxycontin?"] ''No Quarter'' (blog), [[November 2]], [[2005]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]]. See also Nicholas D. Kristof, [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E06E2D6153FF932A25753C1A9659C8B63 "Secrets of the Scandal"], ''[[New York Times]]'' [[October 11]], [[2003]].</ref> CBS has confirmed that part of her work involved ensuring that Iran did not acquire nuclear weapons.<ref> Muriel Kane and Dave Edwards, "[http://rawstory.com/news/2007/CBS_confirms_2006_Raw_Story_scoop_1020.html CBS confirms 2006 Raw Story scoop: Plame's job was to keep nukes from Iran]," ''Raw Story'' (20 October 2007).</ref> Part of her work during this time, according to [[David Corn]] and [[Michael Isikoff]], appears to have been concerned with determining the use of [[Iraqi aluminum tubes order|aluminum tubes]] purchased by Iraq.<ref name=Corn>David Corn, [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060918/corn "What Valerie Plame Really Did at the CIA"], ''[[The Nation]]'' (web only), [[September 6]], [[2006]]. citing information in the book ''Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War'', co-written by Corn and [[Michael Isikoff]].</ref> CIA analysts prior to the Iraq invasion were quoted by the [[White House]] as believing that Iraq was trying to acquire [[nuclear weapons]] and that these aluminum tubes could be used in a [[centrifuge]] for [[nuclear enrichment]]<ref name=CIAreport1>''[https://www.odci.gov/cia/reports/721_reports/july_dec2002.htm#4 Attachment A:] Unclassified Report to Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, 1 July Through 31 December 200[2]'', Office of the Directorate of Central Intelligence (ODCI), [[CIA]], Dec. 2002, accessed [[October 27]], [[2006]].</ref><ref name=CIAreport2>''[https://www.odci.gov/cia/reports/721_reports/jan_jun2002.html Unclassified Report to Congress:] on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, 1 January Through 30 June 2002'', Office of the Directorate of Central Intelligence (ODCI), [[CIA]], June 2002, accessed [[October 27]], [[2006]].</ref> but Isikoff and Corn argue that the [[undercover]] work being done by Mrs. Wilson and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence [[Nuclear proliferation|Nonproliferation]] Center strongly contradicted such a claim.<ref name=Corn/> Novak's disclosures in his column, which resulted in Plame's public outing on [[July 14]], [[2003]], ended her career with the CIA, from which she later resigned in [[December 2005]].<ref name=Solomon/><ref name=Seidman/> Although court [[affidavit]]s of the [[U.S. Department of Justice Office of Special Counsel|Special Counsel]] [[Patrick Fitzgerald]] and exhibits pursuant to later [[United States Congress|U.S. Congressional]] investigations ascertain otherwise, some in the [[mass media|media]] (Jeff Gannon - White House reporter) questioned whether or not the CIA still considered Plame a covert officer &mdash; that is, the precise nature of her "classified" status or the type of "cover" that she had and whether or not it was "official" or "non-official" &mdash; at the time she was outed in the Novak column of [[July 14]], [[2003]].<ref name=Gertz>Bill Gertz, [http://washingtontimes.com/national/20040722-115439-4033r.htm "CIA Officer Named Prior to Column"], ''[[Washington Times]]'', [[July 22]], [[2004]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]].</ref> But official legal documents published in the course of the [[CIA leak grand jury investigation]], ''[[United States v. Libby]]'', and [[United States Congress|Congressional]] investigations fully establish her classified employment as a [[Non-official cover|covert]] officer for the CIA at the time that Novak's column was published in July 2003.<ref name=Seidman/><ref name=Waxmanstmt/><ref name=oversightdocs>[http://oversight.house.gov/investigations.asp?Issue=Disclosure+of+CIA+Agent+Identity "Investigations: Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity"] and [http://oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=1205 "Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity:] Hearing Examines Exposure of Covert CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's Identity", [[U.S. House Committee on Government Reform]] (Oversight Committee), [[March 16]], [[2007]], accessed [[July 10]], [[2007]]. (Hyperlinks in menu, including streaming video of hearing; box with "Documents and Links", featuring documents chart {{PDFlink|[http://oversight.house.gov/Documents/20070316173308-19288.pdf "Disclosures of Valerie Plame Wilson's Classified CIA Employment"]|35.9&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 36843 bytes -->}}.)</ref> ==Judicial and legislative actions pertaining to "Plamegate"== [[Image:Plame6.png|thumbnail|right|250px|Flow of Valerie Plame Information]] {{main|CIA leak grand jury investigation}} {{main|Plame affair}} {{see|Plame affair criminal investigation}} ===CIA leak grand jury investigation=== In his press conference of [[October 28]], [[2005]], Fitzgerald explained in considerable detail the necessity of "secrecy" about his [[grand jury]] investigation that began in the fall of 2003 &mdash; "when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown" &mdash; and the background and consequences of the [[indictment]] of [[Lewis I. Libby|Lewis Libby]] as it pertains to Valerie E. Wilson.<ref name="Fitzgeraldpress3">[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/28/AR2005102801340.html "Transcript of Special Counsel Fitzgerald's Press Conference"], ''[[Washington Post]]'', [[October 28]], [[2005]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]]</ref> Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the "leak investigation" and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by "the rules of grand jury secrecy," he could and could not reveal legally at the time.<ref name="Fitzgeraldpress3" /> Official court documents released later, on [[April 5]], [[2006]], reveal that Libby testified that "he was specifically authorized in advance" of his meeting with ''[[New York Times]]'' reporter [[Judith Miller (journalist)|Judith Miller]] to disclose the "key judgments" of the October 2002 [[classified]] [[National Intelligence Estimate]] (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, "the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller]."<ref name=TheSmokingGun>{{PDFlink|[http://www.thesmokinggun.com/graphics/pdf/libbyplame.pdf "U.S. vs. I. Lewis Libby"]|200&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 205526 bytes -->}}, as posted online in ''[[The Smoking Gun]]'' (blog), [[April 5]], [[2006]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]].</ref> According to his testimony, the information that Libby was authorized to disclose to Miller "was intended to rebut the allegations of an administration critic, former ambassador Joseph Wilson." A couple of days after Libby's meeting with Miller, then-[[National Security Advisor]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] told reporters, "We don't want to try to get into kind of selective declassification" of the NIE, adding "We're looking at what can be made available."<ref name=IsikoffNewsweek>Michael Isikoff, [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12228726/site/newsweek/ "The Leaker in Chief?"] ''[[Newsweek]]'', [[April 4]], [[2006]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]].</ref> A "sanitized version" of the NIE in question was officially declassified on [[July 18]], [[2003]], ten days after Libby's contact with Miller, and was presented at a [[The White House|White House]] background briefing on [[weapons of mass destruction]] (WMD) in Iraq.<ref name=NIEedit>[http://www.fas.org/irp/cia/product/iraq-wmd.html "Iraq's Continuing Programs for Weapons of Mass Destruction,"] ''fas.org'' (blog), accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]].</ref> The NIE contains no references to Valerie Plame or her CIA status, but the Special Counsel has suggested that White House actions were part of "a plan to discredit, punish or seek revenge against Mr. Wilson."<ref name=Sanger>David E. Sanger, [http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/04/11/MNG3NI70TI1.DTL "Special Prosecutor Links White House to CIA Leak"], ''San Francisco Gate'' (blog), [[April 11]], [[2006]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]].</ref> President Bush had previously indicated that he would fire whoever outed Plame.<ref name=IsikoffNewsweek/> A court filing by Libby's defense team argued that Plame was not foremost on the minds of administration officials as they sought to rebut charges made by her husband, that the White House manipulated intelligence to make a case for invasion. The filing indicated that Libby's lawyers did not intend to say he was told to reveal Plame's identity.<ref>[http://www.nypost.com/news/nationalnews/62399.htm "'Scooter' Won't Play Plame Blame Game"], ''[[New York Post]]'', [[April 14]], [[2006]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]].</ref> The court filing also stated that "Mr. Libby plans to demonstrate that the indictment is wrong when it suggests that he and other government officials viewed Ms. Wilson's role in sending her husband to [[Africa]] as important," indicating that Libby's lawyers planned to call [[Karl Rove]] to the stand. According to Rove's lawyer, Fitzgerald has decided against pressing charges against Rove.<ref name=Solomon>John Solomon, [http://www.breitbart.com/news/2006/06/13/D8I7C7N00.html "Rove Won't Be Charged in CIA Leak Case"], ''[[Newsweek]], [[June 13]], [[2006]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]].</ref> The five-count indictment of Libby included [[perjury]] (two counts), [[obstruction of justice]] (one count), and [[USC Title 18, Section 1001|making false statements]] to [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|federal investigators]] (two counts). Columnist Robert Novak revealed that former Deputy Secretary of State, and Bush administration's internal Iraq war critic, Richard Armitage was the source of "the leak" about Plame's status. Neither Armitage nor anyone else has been charged with revealing Plame's CIA cover status. ===Libby trial=== {{main|United States v. Libby}} On [[March 6]], [[2007]], Libby was convicted of obstruction of justice, making false statements, and two counts of perjury. He was [[acquittal|acquitted]] on one count of making false statements. He was not charged for revealing Wilson's CIA status. His sentence included a $250,000 fine, 30 months in prison and two years of probation. On [[July 2]], [[2007]], President [[George W. Bush]] [[commutation of sentence|commuted]] Libby's sentence, removing the jail term but leaving in place the fine and [[probation]], calling the sentence "excessive."<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/07/20070702-4.html Grant of Executive Clemency]</ref><ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/07/20070702-3.html Statement by the President on Executive Clemency for Lewis Libby] </ref> In a subsequent press conference, on [[July 12]], [[2007]], Bush noted, "...the Scooter Libby decision was, I thought, a fair and balanced decision."<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/07/20070712-5.html Press Conference by the President], [[July 12]], [[2007]], accessed [[August 11]], [[2007]].</ref> The Wilsons responded to the commutation in statements posted by their legal counsel, [[Melanie Sloan]], executive director of [[Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington]] (CREW), and on their own legal support website.{{See also|Joseph C. Wilson#Wilson's reactions to the Libby trial and commutation}} ===The Wilsons' civil suit: Wilson v. Cheney=== {{main|Wilson v. Cheney}} On [[July 13]], [[2006]], Joseph and Valerie Wilson filed a civil lawsuit against Rove, Libby, Vice President [[Dick Cheney]], and other unnamed senior White House officials (among whom they later added [[Richard Armitage]]<ref name=CBSNews>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/09/13/politics/main2006236.shtml "Armitage Added to Plame Law Suit"], ''[[CBS News]]'', [[September 13]], [[2006]], accessed [[September 25]], [[2006]]; includes PDF. Cf. [http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/plame/wilsonlibby91306acmp.html Amended complaint] at ''FindLaw.com''.</ref>) for their role in the public disclosure of Valerie Wilson's classified CIA status.<ref>[[Proskauer Rose]] LLP, [http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/060713/20060713005646.html?.v=1 "Valerie Plame Wilson and Ambassador Joseph Wilson Initiate a Civil Action] Against Vice President Cheney, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby for Violations of their Constitutional and Other Legal Rights", ''[[Yahoo]] Business Wire'' (Press Release), [[July 13]], [[2006]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]]; cf. {{PDFlink|[http://howappealing.law.com/PlameAddressOrder.pdf "Lame Plame Game Flames Out"]|41.8&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 42862 bytes -->}}, rpt. in ''How Appealing'' (blog), [[July 13]], [[2006]], accessed [[July 15]]. 2006.</ref> Judge [[John D. Bates]] dismissed the Wilson's lawsuit on jurisdictional grounds on [[July 19]], [[2007]];<ref name=APDimissed>[[Associated Press]], [http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-07-19-plame-lawsuit_N.htm "Valerie Plame's Lawsuit Dismissed"], ''[[USA Today]]'', [[July 19]], [[2007]], accessed [[19 July]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://us.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/07/19/cia.leak/index.html "Judge Tosses Out Ex-Spy's Lawsuit Against Cheney in CIA Leak Case"], ''[[CNN|CNN.com]]'', [[July 19]], [[2007]], accessed [[July 19]], [[2007]].</ref><ref name=Leonnigdism>Carol D. Leonnig, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/19/AR2007071901395.html?hpid=topnews "Plame's Lawsuit Against Top Officials Dismissed"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[20 July]], [[2007]], accessed [[20 July]], [[2007]].</ref><ref name=Bates>[https://ecf.dcd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/show_public_doc?2006cv1258-52 "Memorandum Opinon"], in "Valerie Wilson, et al., Plaintiffs, v. I. Lewis Libby, Jr., et al., Defendants", "Civil Action No. 06-1258 (JDB)", ''[[United States District Court for the District of Columbia]]'', [[19 July]], [[2007]], accessed [[20 July]], [[2007]].</ref> the Wilsons have since appealed.<ref name=WilsonsLegalTrust2>[http://www.wilsonsupport.org Joseph and Valerie Wilson Legal Support Trust] Home Page, [July 20, 2007], accessed [[July 27]], [[2007]]. Cf. [http://www.citizensforethics.org/node/29517 "Statement on Ambassador Joseph and Valerie Wilsons' Appeal Filed on July 20"], ''[[Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington]]'' (CREW), [[July 20]], [[2007]], accessed [[July 27]], [[2007]].</ref> ===House Oversight Committee hearing=== On [[March 8]], [[2007]], two days after the verdict in the [[United States v. Libby|Libby trial]], Congressman [[Henry Waxman]], chair of the [[U.S. House Committee on Government Reform]], announced that his committee would ask Plame to testify on March 16, in an effort by his committee to look into "whether White House officials followed appropriate procedures for safeguarding Plame's identity."<ref>[[Reuters]], [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/09/AR2007030900549.html "Plame to Testify to Congress on Leak"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[March 9]], [[2007]], accessed [[March 19]], [[2007]].</ref><ref name=Oversight>[http://oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=1205 "Disclosure of CIA Identity"], online posting, [[U.S. House Committee on Government Reform]], ''oversight.house.gov'', [[March 16]], [[2007]], accessed [[March 19]], [[2007]].</ref> On [[March 16]], [[2007]], at these hearings about the disclosure, Waxman read a statement about Plame's CIA career that had been cleared by [[Director of Central Intelligence|CIA director]] Gen. [[Michael V. Hayden]] and the CIA, stating that she was undercover and that her employment status with the CIA was classified information prohibited from disclosure under [[Executive Order 12958]]. Wilson served in senior management positions at the CIA, in which she oversaw the work of other CIA employees, and in her various positions at the CIA, had faced significant risks to her personal safety and her life.<ref name=Waxmanstmt>{{PDFlink|[http://oversight.house.gov/Documents/20070316104030-43341.pdf "Statement of Rep. Henry A. Waxman, Chairman"]|156&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 159775 bytes -->}}, "Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Hearing on Disclosure of CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's ldentity and White House Procedures for Safeguarding Classified Information", online posting, [[U.S. House Committee on Government Reform]], ''oversight.house.gov'', [[March 16]], [[2007]]: 2, accessed [[March 19]], [[2007]]</ref> Subsequent reports in various news accounts focused on the following parts of her testimony: *"My name and identity were carelessly and recklessly abused by senior government officials in the White House and state department"; this abuse occurred for "purely political reasons."<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,,2035981,00.html "Outed CIA Agent Criticises White House Officials"], ''[[The Guardian]]'' [[March 16]], [[2007]], accessed [[March 19]], [[2007]].</ref> *After her identity was exposed by officials in the Bush administration, she had to leave the CIA: "I could no longer perform the work for which I had been highly trained."<ref name=Greene>Richard Allen Greene, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6460053.stm "Ex-spy Makes Tough Bush Critic"], ''[[BBC News]]'', [[March 16]], [[2007]], accessed [[March 19]], [[2007]].</ref> *She did not select her husband for a CIA fact-finding trip to Niger, but an officer senior to her selected him and told her to ask her husband if he would consider it: "I did not recommend him. I did not suggest him. There was no [[nepotism]] involved. I did not have the authority...."<ref name=Greene/><ref name=Davis>Julie Hirschfeld Davis ([[Associated Press]]),[http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory?id=2958325 "Plame Sheds Little Light in Leak Case"], ''[[ABC News]]'', [[March 16]], [[2007]], accessed [[March 19]], [[2007]].</ref><ref name=Superville>Cf. Darlene Superville, [http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory?id=2960370 "Plame Shows Theatrical Side of Congress"], ''[[ABC News]]'', [[March 17]], [[2007]], accessed [[March 19]], [[2007]].</ref> ==''Fair Game''== {{See main|Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House}} [[Image:Vpw fairgame.jpg|thumbnail|right|100px|''Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House'', by Valerie Plame Wilson. <small>© 2007 Simon & Schuster.</small>]] On the evening of the verdict in the Libby trial ([[March 6]], [[2007]]), Joseph C. Wilson appeared on ''[[Larry King Live]]'', during which he announced that he and his wife had "signed a deal with [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros]] of [[Hollywood, California|Hollywood]] to offer their consulting services - or maybe more - in the making of the forthcoming movie about the Libby trial," their lives and the CIA leak scandal.<ref name=Frei>Matt Frei, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6425311.stm "Washington diary: Libby, the Movie"], ''[[BBC News]]'' (Washington), [[March 7]], [[2007]], accessed [[March 18]],[[2007]]; cf. transcript of Larry King interview with Joseph C. Wilson, [[Nicole Kidman]] will play Valerire Plame. [http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0703/06/lkl.01.html "Ex-Cheney Aide Found Guilty"], ''[[Larry King Live]]'', [[CNN]], broadcast [[March 6]], [[2007]], accessed [[March 18]], [[2007]].</ref> According to an article by Michael Fleming published in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' earlier in the week, the feature film, a co-production between Weed Road's [[Akiva Goldsman]] and [[Jerry Zucker|Jerry and Janet Zucker]] of [[Zucker Productions]] with a screenplay by [[Jez Butterworth|Jez and John-Henry Butterworth]] to be based in part on Valerie Wilson's [[memoir]] ''Fair Game'' (contingent on CIA clearances) originally scheduled for release in August 2007, but ultimately published on [[October 22]], [[2007]].<ref name=Variety>Michael Fleming, [http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117960398.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 "Plame Film in Works at Warner Bros.: Studio Sets Movie about CIA Leak Scandal"], [[March 1]], [[2007]], accessed [[March 18]], [[2007]].</ref> In [[May 2006]], the ''New York Times'' reported that Valerie Wilson agreed to a $2.5 million book deal with [[Crown Publishing Group]], a division of [[Random House]]. As reported initially, her [[memoir]], ''Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House'' (2007), was initially scheduled for publication in fall 2007. Steve Ross, senior vice president and publisher of Crown, told the Times that the book would be her "first airing of her actual role in the American intelligence community, as well as the prominence of her role in the lead-up to the war."<ref name=Rich1> Motoko Rich, [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/05/books/05cnd-plame.html "Valerie Plame Gets Book Deal"], ''[[New York Times]]'', [[May 5]], [[2006]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]].</ref> Subsequently, the ''New York Times'' reported that the book deal fell through and that Plame was in exclusive negotiations with [[Simon & Schuster]].<ref name=Rich2>Motoko Rich, [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/01/books/01plam.html?hp&ex=1149220800&en=79440cf211d66068&ei=5094&partner=homepage|title=Valerie Plame Gets Book Deal"], ''[[New York Times]]'', [[June 1]], [[2006]], accessed [[June 7]], [[2006]].</ref> Ultimately, Simon and Schuster publicly confirmed the book deal, though not the financial terms and, at first, no set publication date.<ref name=Italie>Hillel Italie ([[Associated Press]]), [http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/entertainment/gossip/15032040.htm "Ex-CIA Officer Finds New Memoir Publisher"], ''[[The Mercury News]]'' [[July 13]], [[2006]], accessed [[July 15]], [[2006]]. (Free registration required.)</ref><ref name=Corn/> On [[May 31]], [[2007]], various news media reported that Simon and Schuster and Valerie Wilson were suing [[John Michael McConnell|J. Michael McConnell]], [[United States Director of National Intelligence|Director of National Intelligence]], and [[Michael V. Hayden]], [[Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|Director of the CIA]], arguing that the CIA "is unconstitutionally interfering with the publication of her memoir, ''[[Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House|Fair Game]]'', ... set to be published in October [2007], by not allowing Plame to mention the dates she served in the CIA, even though those dates are public information."<ref name=WNBC>[http://www.wnbc.com/news/13420498/detail.html "Valerie Plame Wilson Suing CIA"], ''[[WNBC]]'' (Channel 4, [[New York City]]), [[May 31]], [[2007]], accessed [[June 10]], [[2007]].</ref><ref name=Maul>Kimberly Maul, [http://www.thebookstandard.com/bookstandard/news/author/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003592363 "Simon and Schuster and Valerie Plame Wilson Sue CIA"], ''[[The Book Standard]]'', [[May 31]], [[2007]], accessed [[June 10]], [[2007]].</ref> "Although that information is set out in an unclassified letter to Ms. Wilson [relating to her retirement] that has been published in the [[Congressional Record]] [and subsequently circulated widely]," according to Adam Liptak in ''[[The New York Times]]'', "the C.I.A. insists that her dates of service remain classified and may not be mentioned in 'Fair Game,' the memoir Ms. Wilson hopes to publish in October. ... The C.I.A. has been adamant in refusing to confirm the dates or details of Ms. Wilson’s service before 2002."<ref name=Liptak>Adam Liptak, [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/31/washington/31cnd-plame.html "Valerie Wilson Sues CIA Over Memoir"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[May 31]], [[2007]], accessed [[June 10]], [[2007]].</ref> On [[August 3]], [[2007]], Liptak reported that Judge Barbara S. Jones, of the [[United States District Court|United States District Court for the District of New York]], in [[Manhattan]], had decided that Plame would not be able to state in her memoir precisely the dates that she had worked for the CIA, even though they are already published in documents in the [[public domain]]:<blockquote>The C.I.A. has publicly acknowledged only that Ms. Wilson worked there from 2002 to January 2006, when she resigned. A [[February 2006]] letter from the C.I.A. to Plame about her [[retirement]] benefits said that she had worked for the agency since [[November 9]], [[1985]], for a total of "20 years, 7 days," including "six years, one month and 29 days of overseas service." The letter was published in the ''[[Congressional Record]]'' in connection with proposed legislation concerning her benefits, and it remains available on the [[Library of Congress]]'s Web site. Jones acknowledged that the C.I.A. "does not contest that the information is, in fact, in the public domain," adding that "the public may draw whatever conclusions it might from the fact that the information at issue was sent on C.I.A. letterhead by the chief of retirement and insurance services."<ref name=LiptakAug/></blockquote> According to Liptak, "The C.I.A. apparently had no significant objections to the manuscript beyond the dispute over how long Ms. Wilson worked for it. In a December 2006 letter quoted in Judge Jones's decision, the agency's publication review board said the manuscript was "replete with statements" that "become classified when they are linked with a specific time frame", but it has cleared the way for her to publish her memoir otherwise in the autumn of 2007."<ref name=LiptakAug/> According to a review of the book by [[Janet Maslin]] that appeared in the October 22, 2007 edition of the ''New York Times'', the manuscript draft which Plame was contractually obligated to submit to the CIA Publications Review Board came back heavily expurgated, with the expectation that the book would be rewritten to make sense despite the many required deletions. Plame and her publisher, Simon & Schuster, responded that much of the censored information was in the public domain, and that CIA's suppression of information was itself part of her story. They elected to publish ''Fair Game'' with the censor's marks visible as blacked-out words, lines, paragraphs or pages, with an 80-page afterword by reporter Laura Rozen that uses matters of public record to fill in some of the gaps.<ref> {{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/22/arts/22masl.html?pagewanted=print |title=Her Identity Revealed, Her Story Expurgated |author=Janet Maslin |publisher=The New York Times |date=2007-10-22 }}</ref><ref> {{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/weekinreview/28shane.html?ref=weekinreview&pagewanted=print |title=Spies Do a Huge Volume of Work in Invisible Ink |author=Scott Shane |publisher=The New York Times |date=2007-10-28 |accessdate=2007-10-30 }}</ref> The week after the [[October 22]], [[2007]], publication of ''Fair Game'', on [[October 28]], [[2007]], Valerie Plame Wilson was the keynote speaker of the Fourth Annual Vermont Woman Newspaper Lecture Series, in [[South Burlington, Vermont]], speaking on the topic "Taking Back the White House in an Abuse of Public Trust" and answering questions following her presentation.<ref name=Gillis>Suzanne Gillis, [http://www.vermontwoman.com/articles/0807/publisher_message.shtml "Publisher's Message: Outed CIA Spy, Valerie Plame Wilson, to Be Next Vermont Woman Speaker"], ''Vermont Woman'', August 2007, accessed [[August 22]], [[2007]]. [Featured photograph depicts Suzanne Gillis, publisher of ''Vermont Woman'' and author of this "Publisher's Message", not Valerie Plame Wilson.]</ref> On [[October 31]], [[2007]], in her "conversation" with [[Charlie Rose]] broadcast on ''[[The Charlie Rose Show]]'' (recorded on [[October 29]], [[2007]]), she discussed many aspects relating to her memoir: the [[CIA leak grand jury investigation]], ''United States v. Libby'', the civil suit which she and her husband are still pursuing against Libby, Cheney, Rove, and Armitage, and other matters presented in her memoir relating to her covert work with the CIA.<ref name=RoseWilson>[[Charlie Rose]], [http://www.charlierose.com/shows/2007/10/31/2/a-conversation-with-valerie-plame-wilson "A Conversation with Valerie Plame Wilson"], ''[[The Charlie Rose Show]]'', [[PBS]], [[WNET]] (New York), recorded [[October 29]], [[2007]], broadcast [[October 31]], [[2007]], 12:30 a.m. ET-1:00 a.m. ET, accessed [[November 6]], [[2007]] (video clip).</ref> ==See also== *[[National Clandestine Service]] ==Notes== {{reflist|3}} ==References== {{refbegin|3}} *[http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/plame/wilsonlibby91306acmp.html Amended Complaint]. ''FindLaw.com'', [[September 13]], [[2006]]. *[http://mediamatters.org/items/200507150003 "AP falsely reported Wilson 'acknowledged his wife was no longer in an undercover job' when her identity was first publicly leaked"]. ''[[Media Matters for America]]''. [[July 15]], [[2005]]. Accessed [[September 24]], [[2006]]. *[http://www.townhall.com/News/NewsArticle.aspx?ContentGuid=4cd646c8-6131-4910-8068-92ad42629fdc "Armitage's Leak Poses More Questions"]. ''[[Townhall.com]]'', [[September 8]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[June 17]], [[2007]]. *[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/31/AR2006083101460_pf.html "End of an Affair: It Turns Out That the Person Who Exposed CIA Agent Valerie Plame Was Not Out to Punish Her Husband"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[September 1]], [[2006]]. *[[David Corn|Corn, David]]. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-corn/explosive-new-rove-revela_b_3933.html "Explosive New Rove Revelation Coming Soon? Update: It's Here"]. ''[[The Huffington Post]]'' (blog), [[July 9]], [[2005]]. Accessed [[September 24]], [[2006]]. *–––. [http://www.davidcorn.com/archives/2006/09/toensing_and_ws.php "Toensing and WSJ: Corn Outed Plame (Here We Go Again)"]. ''DavidCorn.com'' (journalist's blog), [[September 15]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[November 20]], [[2006]]. (Reply to Toensing.) *–––. [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060918/corn "What Valerie Plame Really Did at the CIA"]. ''[[The Nation]]'' (web only). [[September 6]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[September 24]], [[2006]]. *–––. [http://www.thenation.com/blogs/capitalgames?bid=3&pid=823 "A White House Smear"]. ''[[The Nation]]'' (''Capital Games'' blog), [[July 16]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[September 24]], [[2006]]. *[[John M. Crewdson|Crewdson, John]]. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-060311ciamain-story,1,123362.story?ctrack=1&cset=true "Internet Blows CIA Cover"]. ''[[The Chicago Tribune]]'', [[March 13]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[November 16]], [[2006]]. (See reply by Johnson, "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover.") *–––. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-060311plame-story,1,2504459.story? "Plame's Identity, If Truly a Secret, Was Thinly Veiled"]. ''[[The Chicago Tribune]]'', [[March 11]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[September 25]], [[2006]]. (See reply by Johnson, "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover.") *Ensor, David, et al. [http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/09/29/novak.cia/ "Novak: 'No great crime' with Leak"]. ''[[Inside Politics]]'' on [[CNN]]. ''[[CNN]].com'', [[October 1]], [[2003]]. Accessed [[September 24]], [[2006]]. *Finn, Ed. [http://www.slate.com/id/2089062/ "How Deep Is CIA Cover?"] ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'', [[September 30]], [[2003]]. Accessed [[November 16]], [[2006]]. *[[Michael Isikoff|Isikoff, Michael]]. [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8682500/site/newsweek/ "Leak Investigation: The Russert Deal—What It Reveals"]. ''[[Newsweek]]'', [[August 1]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[November 13]], [[2006]]. *–––. [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8525978/site/newsweek/ "Matt Cooper's Source:] What Karl Rove Told Time Magazine's Reporter". ''[[Newsweek]]'' [[June 18]], [[2005]]. Accessed [[November 13]], [[2006]]. *–––, and [[David Corn]]. ''Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War''. New York: Crown, 2006 (September 8). ISBN 0-307-34681-1. *[[Larry C. Johnson|Johnson, Larry C.]] [http://www.alternet.org/story/23691/ "Fighting Rove's Gang of Bullies:] A Former CIA Analyst Speaks Up in the Hopes of Freeing His Former Colleague, Valerie Plame, from the RNC's 'malicious smear campaign'". ''[[AlterNet]]'', [[July 25]], [[2005]]. Accessed [[June 19]], [[2007]]. *–––. [http://noquarter.typepad.com/my_weblog/2006/03/valeries_thinly.html#more "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover"]. ''[[No Quarter]]'' (blog), [[March 13]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[November 19]], [[2006]]. (Reply to Crewdson.) *[[David Johnston|Johnston, David]], and Richard W. Stevenson, with David E. Sanger. [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/15/politics/15rove.htm "Rove Reportedly Held Phone Talk on C.I.A. Officer"]. ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[July 15]], [[2005]]. Accessed [[November 16]], [[2006]]. *Kincaid, Cliff. [http://www.aim.org/aim_column/3833_0_3_0_C "AIM Column: Why Judith Miller Should Stay In Jail"]. ''[[Accuracy In Media]]'', [[July 11]], [[2005]]. Accessed [[June 19]], [[2007]]. *Leiby, Richard. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/28/AR2005102801172.html "Valerie Plame, the Spy Who Got Shoved Out into the Cold"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[October 29]], [[2005]]. Accessed [[August 22]], [[2007]]. *Leonnig, Carol D. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32380-2005Apr6.html "Papers Say Leak Probe Is Over"]. ''[[Washington Post]]'', [[April 6]], [[2005]]: A12. *[[Robert Novak|Novak, Robert]]. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/13/AR2006091301572.html "Armitage's Leak"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[September 13]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[September 24]], [[2006]]. *–––. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102000874.html "Mission to Niger"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[July 14]], [[2003]]. Accessed [[September 24]], [[2006]]. *–––. [http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2006/07/my_role_in_plamegate.html "My Role in Plamegate"]. Online posting. ''RealClearPolitics.com'' (blog), [[July 12]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[September 25]], [[2006]]. *[[Robert Parry|Parry, Robert]]. [http://www.consortiumnews.com/2006/091506.html "New Clues in the Plame Mystery"]. ''[[ConsortiumNews.com]]'', [[September 15]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[November 8]], [[2006]]. *[[Walter Pincus|Pincus, Walter]], and [[Mike Allen]]. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A40012-2003Oct3&notFound=true "Leak of Agent's Name Causes Exposure of CIA Front Firm"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[October 4]], [[2003]]: A03. *[[Charlie Rose|Rose, Charlie]]. [http://www.charlierose.com/shows/2007/10/31/2/a-conversation-with-valerie-plame-wilson "A Conversation with Valerie Plame Wilson"]. ''[[The Charlie Rose Show]]''. [[PBS]], [[WNET]] (New York). Recorded [[October 29]], [[2007]]. Broadcast [[October 31]], [[2007]], 12:30 a.m. ET-1:00 a.m. ET. Accessed [[November 6]], [[2007]]. (Video clip.) *Smyth, Frank. [http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/67699/ CPJ Statement: Commentary: U.S. Sends the Wrong Message to the World"]. ''[[International Freedom of Expression Exchange|IFEX]]'' (International Freedom of Expression Exchange), [[June 30]], [[2005]], updated [[July 1]], [[2005]]. Accessed [[September 24]], [[2006]]. *[[Victoria Toensing|Toensing, Victoria]]. [http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110008948 "The Plame Kerfuffle: What a Load of Armitage!] What Did Patrick Fitzgerald Know, and When Did He Know It?" ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', [[September 15]], [[2006]], Editorial. Accessed [[November 20]], [[2006]]. (Reply by Corn, "Toensing and WSJ.") *[[Murray Waas|Waas, Murray S.]]. [http://nationaljournal.com/about/njweekly/stories/2006/0209nj1.htm "Cheney Authorized Libby to Leak Classified Information"] ''National Journal'', [[February 9]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[September 10]], [[2007]]. *–––. [http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?articleId=9473 "Exclusive: Plame Game Over?"] ''[[American Prospect]]'', [[April 6]], [[2005]]. Accessed [[September 10]], [[2007]]. *–––, with research assistance by Thomas Lang. [http://www.prospect.org/webfeatures/2004/02/waas-m-02-12.html "Plame Gate: Did Robert Novak Willfully Disregard Warnings That His Column Would Endanger Valerie Plame? Our Sources Say 'Yes'"]. ''[[American Prospect]]'', [[February 12]], [[2004]]. Accessed [[September 25]], [[2006]]. (Web-exclusive feature article.) *Ward, Vicky. [http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2004/01/plame200401?printable=true&currentPage=all "Double Exposure:] As White House Powerhouse Karl Rove Becomes Increasingly Entangled in the C.I.A. Officer-outing Affair, VF.com Reprises This January 2004 Article on the Iraq-weapons Controversy That Embroiled Former Ambassador Joseph Wilson and His Wife, Valerie Plame—Both of Whom Opened Up to Vanity Fair". ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', January 2004. Rpt. ''vanityfair.com''. Accessed [[July 10]], [[2007]]. (11 pages.) *[[Marcy Wheeler|Wheeler, Marcy]]. ''Anatomy of Deceit: How the Bush Administration Used the Media to Sell the Iraq War and Out a Spy''. Berkeley: Vaster Books (Dist. by Publishers Group West), 2007. ISBN 0-979-17610-7 (10). ISBN 978-0979-17610-4 (13). *[http://www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/bw-wh/2004/jun/18/061802534.html "White House Counsel Questioned in CIA Leak"]. ''[[Las Vegas Sun]]'', [[June 18]], [[2004]]. *[[Joseph C. Wilson|Wilson, Joseph C., IV]]. ''[[The Politics of Truth|The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed My Wife's CIA Identity: A Diplomat's Memoir]]''. New York: [[Carroll & Graf]], 2004. Paperback ed., 2005. ISBN 0-7867-1551-0. *–––. [http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/06/opinion/06WILS.html?ei=5007&en=6c6aeb1ce960dec0&ex=1372824000&partner=permalink "What I Didn't Find in Africa"]. ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[July 6]], [[2003]]. Accessed [[July 10]], [[2007]]. Accessed [[July 10]], [[2007]]. *Wilson, Valerie Plame. "[[Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House]]". New York: [[Simon & Schuster]], [[2007]]. ISBN 1416537619 (10). ISBN 978-1416537618 (13). *Wolf, Christopher. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A16733-2005Jan17.html "Plame Investigation Is Not a 'Game'."] Letter to the Editor. ''[[Washington Post]]'', [[January 18]], [[2005]]: A16. [A neighbor of Valerie E. Wilson, Wolf is also a lawyer representing her.] {{refend}} ==External links== {{wikiquote}} *''[http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2005/cia.leak/index.html CNN Special Reports: CIA Leak Investigation]'' compiled by [[CNN]]; incl. interactive timeline of ''Main Events'' and "Key Players" (click on photo captioned "Plame"). *''[http://www.nytimes.com/ref/washington/2006_LEAKTIMELINE_GRAPHIC.html?currentcasetype=Wilson Interactive Graphic: Timeline of a Leak]'' compiled by ''[[The New York Times]]'' (double-click on photo captioned "Ms. Wilson"). *[http://oversight.house.gov/investigations.asp?Issue=Disclosure+of+CIA+Agent+Identity "Investigations: Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity"] and [http://oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=1205 "Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity:] Hearing Examines Exposure of Covert CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's Identity". [[U.S. House Committee on Government Reform]] (Oversight Committee). [[March 16]], [[2007]]. Accessed [[October 22]], [[2007]]. Hyperlinked menu with streaming video of hearing and "Documents and Links" (box), featuring documents chart, {{PDFlink|[http://oversight.house.gov/Documents/20070316173308-19288.pdf "Disclosures of Valerie Plame Wilson's Classified CIA Employment"]|35.9&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 36843 bytes -->}}. *''[http://wilsonsupport.org/ The Joseph and Valerie Wilson Legal Support Trust]''. Accessed [[June 10]], [[2008]]. *[http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/iln/osc/ "Patrick J. Fitzgerald"], [[U.S. Department of Justice Office of Special Counsel]]. *[[United States Senate]] Democratic Policy Committee Hearing, [[United States House of Representatives]] Government Reform Committee Minority, [http://democrats.senate.gov/dpc/dpchearing.cfm?A=23 "A Special Joint Oversight Hearing] on the National Security Consequences of Disclosing the Identity of a Covert Intelligence Officer", with link to "Hearing Transcript". [[July 22]], [[2005]]. Accessed [[August 12]], [[2007]]. *''[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/valerie-plame-wilson Valerie Plame Wilson Blog]'' at ''[[The Huffington Post]]''. {{DEFAULTSORT:Plame, Valerie}} [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]] [[Category:American memoirists]] [[Category:American spies]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Iraq and weapons of mass destruction]] [[Category:People of the Central Intelligence Agency]] [[Category:Plame affair]] [[Category:Post-Cold War spies]] [[Category:Penn State University alumni]] [[Category:People from Alaska]] [[es:Valerie Plame]] [[fr:Valerie Plame]] [[nl:Valerie Plame]] [[ja:バレリー・プレイム]] [[pl:Valerie Plame]]