Venous thrombosis
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2008-06-28T19:54:54Z
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ICD9 = {{ICD9|453}} |
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A '''venous thrombosis''' is a [[blood clot]] that forms within a [[vein]]. ([[Thrombosis]] is a specific medical term for a blood clot that remains in the place where it formed.)
==Classification==
''Superficial venous thromboses'' can cause discomfort but generally do not cause serious consequences, unlike the ''[[deep venous thrombosis|deep venous thromboses]]'' (DVTs) that form in the deep veins of the legs or in the pelvic veins.
Since the veins return [[blood]] to the [[heart]], if a piece of a blood clot formed in a vein breaks off it can be transported to the right side of the heart, and from there into the [[lung]]s. A piece of thrombus that is transported in this way is an ''[[embolism]]'': the process of forming a thrombus that becomes embolic is called a ''thromboembolism''. An embolism that lodges in the lungs is a ''[[pulmonary embolism]]'' (PE). A pulmonary embolus is a very serious condition that can be fatal if not recognized and treated promptly.
Systemic embolisms of venous origin can occur in patients with an [[Atrial septal defect|atrial]] or [[ventricular septal defect]], through which an embolus may pass into the arterial system. This is termed a [[paradoxical emboli]].
==Risk factors==
*'''General'''
**Older age
**Female gender
**Smoking
**Obesity
**Pregnancy
**Immobilisation
**Minor injuries<ref name=Stralen>{{cite journal
| volume= 168 No. 1|date= January 14, 2008 |title=Minor Injuries as a Risk Factor for Venous Thrombosis
|author=Karlijn J. van Stralen, MSc; Frits R. Rosendaal, MD, PhD; Carine J. M. Doggen, PhD
|url=http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/168/1/21
|journal=Arch Intern Med|pages=21–26 |pmid=18195191 |doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2007.5}}</ref>
*'''Medical'''
**[[Surgery]]
**[[Trauma]]
**[[Oral contraceptive]] use
**[[Varicose veins]]
**[[Malignancy]]
**[[Kidney disorder]]s
**[[Lupus anticoagulant]]
**[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]
**[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
**[[Thromboangiitis obliterans]] (Mb Bürger)
**[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]
*'''Familial'''
**[[Antithrombin|Antithrombin III deficiency]]
**[[Protein C deficiency]]/[[Protein S deficiency]]
**APC resistance ([[Factor V Leiden]])
**[[Dysfibrogenemia]]
**[[Hypoplasminogenemia]]
**Familial [[homocysteinemia]]
==Prevention==
[[Tocopherol|Vitamin E]] may prevent venous thrombosis.<ref name="pmid17846285">{{cite journal |author=Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, Goldhaber SZ, Zee RY, Buring JE |title=Effects of random allocation to vitamin E supplementation on the occurrence of venous thromboembolism: report from the Women's Health Study |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue=13 |pages=1497–503 |year=2007 |pmid=17846285 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.716407}}</ref>
==References==
<references/>
==See also==
* [[Portal vein thrombosis]]
* [[Deep vein thrombosis]]
* [[Pulmonary embolism]]
* [[Arterial thrombosis]]
* [[Plethysmography]], a test to detect a venous thrombosis
{{Vascular diseases}}
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[ja:静脈血栓塞栓症]]
[[pt:Trombose venosa]]