Veteran
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Carcharoth
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mre wikifying
[[Image:USS Missouri veterans.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Former crewmembers of the [[battleship]] [[USS Missouri (BB-63)|''Missouri'']] pose for photos shortly after the Anniversary of the End of World War II ceremony, held aboard the famous ship.]]
A '''veteran''' (from [[Latin]] ''vetus'', meaning "old")<ref>Veteran [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/veteran Merriam Webster Dictionary] Accessed [[March 25]], [[2008]].</ref> is a person who is experienced in a particular area, and is particularly used in [[Russia]], [[Canada]] and the [[United States]] to refer to people with experience in the [[armed forces]] or [[law enforcement]].
The most common usage is for former armed services personnel. A veteran is one who has served in the armed forces, but usually not someone who had a dishonorable discharge. It is especially applied to those who served for an entire career, usually of 20 years or more, but may be applied for someone who has only served one tour of duty.
A common misconception is that one had to have either been in combat and/or has retired from active duty to be called a military veteran. Because of this widely held misconception, women have sometime excluded themselves from veterans groups or benefits, despite military service (see [[history of women in the military]]). Each state (of the [[United States]]) sets specific criteria for state-specific veterans benefits. For federal medical benefits from the [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|Department of Veterans Affairs]] (VA) hospitals, prior to [[7th September]] [[1980]] the veteran must have served at least 180 days of active duty, after the above-mentioned date, the veteran must have served at least 24 months. However, if the veteran was medically discharged and receives a VA service-connected disability stipend, the time limits are not applicable.
For most of history there were no fixed [[standing army|standing armies]]. Almost all warriors were [[militia]], usually farmers for the bulk of the year, who thus had a secondary occupation to support them during times of peace. The first state to face significant veterans' affairs problems was the [[Roman Empire]], whose professional army of [[career soldier]]s needed some new role when they retired. They were usually given land in the newly conquered locales, and the need for such lands motivated the empire's expansion. They could also voluntarily enlist again at the invitation of the [[consul]] or other commander as ''[[evocati]]''.
Beyond giving veterans free or discounted lands in [[colonies]], governments did little about them. There was little or no aid for veterans suffering mental or physical disabilities, and those wounded in war often had to turn to begging or crime.
[[Abraham Lincoln]], in his [[Lincoln's second inaugural address|second inaugural address]], in 1865 towards the end of the US Civil War, famously called for good treatment of veterans: "to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan". The [[American Civil War]] produced veterans organizations, such as the [[Grand Army of the Republic]]. The treatment of veterans changed after the [[World War I|First World War]]. In the years following, discontented veterans became a source of instability. They could quickly organize, had links to the army, and often had arms themselves. Veterans played a central role in the post-World War I instability of [[Germany]], while in the [[United States]], the [[Bonus Army]] of unemployed veterans was one of the most important protest movements of the [[Great Depression]], marching on Washington, DC, to get a claimed bonus that Congress had promised them.
After the [[World War II|Second World War]], in part due to the experience of the First World War, most of the participating states set up elaborate veterans' administrations. Within the United States, it was veterans groups, like the [[American Legion]] and [[Veterans of Foreign Wars]] organisation, that pushed for and got the [[G.I. Bill]] enacted. These gave [[war hero]]es access to free or subsidized education and health care. The newly educated GIs created a significant economic impact, and with the aid of VA loans were able to buy housing and establish themselves as part of a growing American middle class. The explosion of the [[suburbs]] created sufficient housing for veterans and their families. In the United States, black veterans continued to be denied equality at home despite [[President Truman]]'s desegregation of the military during World War II. Black veterans went on to play a central role in the [[Civil Rights]] movement.
For the most part, veterans are treated with great respect in society. In Russia, a tradition was established after the second world war, where newly married couples would on their wedding day visit a [[military cemetery]]. In [[France]], for instance, those wounded in war are given the first claim on any seat on [[public transit]]. Most countries have a holiday such as [[Remembrance Day]] to honour veterans, along with the [[war memorial|war dead]]. There are exceptions to this: veterans of unpopular conflicts, such as the [[Vietnam War]], have been discriminated against. Others, such as veterans of conflicts like the [[Korean War]], are often forgotten (even though the casulty rate in Korea was higher than that experienced in the Vietnam War) when compared with those who fought in the [[World War]]s.
[[Women]] have served in the United States military for over two hundred years, often having had to disguise themselves as men. Female veterans have often been discriminated against by their male counterparts and, as such, women who have served in the armed forces have sometimes been known as "the invisible veterans"<ref>Willenz, June A. (1994): "Invisible Veterans" ''Educational Record'', v75 n4 p40-46, American Council on Education</ref>. [[Women]] were not fully recognized as veterans until after WWII, and prior to this they were not eligible for VA benefits. The VA estimates that by the year 2010 women will make up 10% of the veteran population. A tri-state (Washington, Idaho, Oregon) women veterans conference in [[Pendleton, Oregon]], in April 2008, attracted 362 women veterans, according to the [[East Oregonian]] newspaper.
Many veterans' groups are politically active. They may appear in the [[Mass media|media]] or hold [[Demonstration (people)|rallies]] and [[protest]]s. Issues may include improved benefits for veterans and support for or opposition to [[pacifism|pacifist movements]].
== See also ==
{{wiktionary|Veteran}}
* [[List of veterans' organizations]]
* [[Iraq War Veterans Organization]]
* [[American Legion]]
* [[Demobilization]]
* [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs]]
* [http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/search.tkl?type=subject&q=veterans&q2=liv Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Veterans]
* [[Veterans Affairs Canada]]
*[http://www.kansascitymarines.net/ Marine Corps Veteran Resources]
** [[Veterans' Bill of Rights]]
* [[Veterans Agency]], an executive agency of the [[United Kingdom]]'s [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]]
* [[Veterans of Foreign Wars]], a different U.S. Veterans Organization.
* [[Veterans Day]], an [[United States|American]] [[holiday]] celebrating veterans
* [[Vietnam veteran]]
* [[Surviving veterans of the First World War]]
* [[Returned and Services League of Australia]]
* [[Royal New Zealand Returned and Services' Association]] ([[New Zealand]]'s largest veterans' organization)
* [[Royal Canadian Legion]] ([[Canada]]'s organization supporting veterans worldwide)
* [[The Royal British Legion]] (The [[United Kingdom]]'s veterans society, formed in 1921)
*[[Filipino Veterans Fairness Act]]
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Military personnel]]
[[Category:Military veterans' affairs| ]]
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