Vietnamese people
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225014981
2008-07-11T13:46:27Z
Kbdankbot
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Robot - remove category per [[WP:CFD|CFD]] [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2008 June 21|2008 June 21]]
{{Infobox Ethnic group
|group = Vietnamese people<br/>''người Việt''
|image = [[Image:PhanBoiChau.JPG|75px]][[Image:Images24696 nusinh070904.jpg|75px]][[Image:Nguyen Trai.JPG|75px]]<br/><div r
style="background-color:#fee8ab"><small><small>[[Phan Boi Chau|Phan Bội Châu]] • Vietnamese girl wearing an [[áo dài]] • [[Nguyễn Trãi]]</small></small></div>
|population = '''75 million'''
|regions = {{flagcountry|Vietnam}}{{spaces|6}}72,000,000 [http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=476&idmid=4&ItemID=1841]<br>{{flagcountry|Cambodia}}{{spaces|6}}600,000 [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cb.html#People]<br>{{flagcountry|Laos}}{{spaces|27}}100,000<br>{{flagcountry|China}}{{spaces|28}}30,000<br>
|tablehdr = <center>''Significant [[Vietnamese diaspora|overseas]] populations''</center>
|region1 = {{flagcountry|United States|name=USA}}
|pop1=1,521,353 <small>(2005)</small>
|ref1 = [http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:048;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:048;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:048;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:048&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-format=]
|region2 = {{flagcountry|France}}
|pop2 = 250,000
|ref2 = [http://www.quehuong.org.vn/vi/nr041215095635/nr050107191630/ns050111144902]
|region3 = {{flagcountry|Republic of China|name=Taiwan}}
|pop3 = 120,000 - 200,000
|ref3 = [http://english.vietnamnet.vn/features/2005/08/482081/][http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/y06-08.xls]
|region4 = {{flagcountry|Australia}}
|pop4 = 174,200 <small>(2001)</small>
|ref4 = [http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/dfd8c90c1a541efeca256f720083300a!OpenDocument]
|region5 = {{flagcountry|Canada}}
|pop5 = 151,410 <small>(2001)</small>
|ref5 = [http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo26a.htm]
|region6 = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
|pop6 = 83,526 <small>(2004)</small>
|ref6 = [http://www.destatis.de/basis/e/bevoe/bevoetab10.htm]
|region7 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|pop7 = 70,000
|ref7 = [http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls]
|region8 = {{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
|pop8 = 45,362 <small>(2007)</small>
|ref8 = [http://www.czech.cz/en/news/domestic-news/czech-vietnamese-community-flourishing/]
|region9 = {{flagcountry|Poland}}
|pop9 = 45,000
|ref9 =
|region10 = {{flagcountry|Japan}}
|pop10 = 36,860 <small>(2007)</small>
|ref10 = [http://www.moj.go.jp/PRESS/080601-1.pdf]
|region11 = {{flagcountry|Russia}}
|pop11 = 36,225
|ref11 = [http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_03.xls]
|region12 = {{flagcountry|Norway}}
|pop12 = 18,333 <small>(2006)</small>
|ref12 = [http://www.ssb.no/vis/english/subjects/02/01/10/innvbef_en/art-2006-05-11-01-en.html]
|region13 = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|pop13 = 18,000 <small>(2007)</small>
|ref13 =
|region14 = {{flagcountry|Finland}}
|pop14 = 4,000
|ref14 = [http://www.tienphong.vn/Tianyon/Index.aspx?ArticleID=109164&ChannelID=2]
|languages = [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
|religions = Predominantly [[Mahayana Buddhism]], with influences of [[Taoism]] and a background of [[Confucianism|Confucian thought]] ([[Religion in Vietnam|Triple Religion]] theory). Significant [[Roman Catholic]], [[Hoa Hao|Hao Hao Budhist]] and [[Caodaist]] minorities. Small [[Protestantism|Protestant]] and [[Muslim]] presences.
|related = <div style="text-align:left;">
* [[Gin people of China]] (also known as Jing or Kinh)
* [[Muong people]]
* Southern Chinese or other people in [[South China]].
For vague historical references, see also [[Yue (peoples)]].
</div>
}}
The '''Vietnamese people''' ({{lang-vi|người Việt}} or {{lang|vi|''người Kinh''}}) are an [[ethnic group]] originating from what is now northern [[Vietnam]] and southern [[People's Republic of China|China]]. They are the [[majority]] ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the [[1999]] census, and are officially known as '''Kinh''' to distinguish them from other [[List of ethnic groups in Vietnam|ethnic groups in Vietnam]].
Although geographically and linguistically labeled as Southeast Asians, long periods of [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] domination and influence have placed them culturally closer to East Asians, or more specifically their immediate northern neighbours, the Southern Chinese and other tribes within the proximity of [[South China]].
Genetic studies in the past decade have shown that the Vietnamese population exhibits genetic markers that are closely related and/or identical to those of Southern Chinese populations, with the exception of seven unique markers. These results, along with remnants of Thai enzyme morphs, indicate a dual ethnic origin of the Vietnamese population from Chinese and Thai populations<ref name="NCBI">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&uid=10583463&cmd=showdetailview Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in the Vietnamese population] U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health, United States Government, Accessed 12 December, 2007</ref>. The Vietnamese people are classified in the same genetic family as the [[Miao]], Southern Han (Southern Chinese), [[Buyi]] and [[Thai]], with a divergent family consisting of [[Singaporean]] and Thai Chinese, Minnan and [[Hakka]]<ref name="Mackay">[http://www.wufi.org.tw/taiwan/lml2e.jpg The origin of Minnan and Hakka, the so-called "Taiwanese", inferred by HLA Study] Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Accessed 12 December, 2007</ref>.
== Origins ==
{{Expand|date=May 2008}}
According to legend, the first Vietnamese descended from the [[dragon]] lord [[Lạc Long Quân]] and the female heavenly spirit [[Âu Cơ]]. They married and had one hundred eggs, from which hatched one hundred children. Their eldest son [[Hùng Vương]] ruled as the first Vietnamese king. The predecessors of the Vietnamese people emigrated from present southern China to the [[Red River Delta]] and mixed with the indigenous population.{{Fact|date=August 2007}}<!--When did this happen? Need much more detail about this.-->
In [[258 BC]], An Dương Vương founded the kingdom of Âu Lạc in what is now northern Vietnam. In [[208 BC]], [[Chao Tuo]] (known as Triệu Đà in Vietnamese), a former [[Qin Dynasty]] general from China, allied with the leaders of the [[Yue (peoples)|Yue peoples]] in what is now modern-day [[Guangdong]] and declared himself King of [[Nam Việt|Southern Yue]]. He defeated An Dương Vương and then combined Âu Lạc with territories in southern China and named his kingdom [[Nam Việt]], or Southern Yue (''Nam'' means "south"). Việt is cognate to [[yue]], which is the pronunciation of Yue in ancient Chinese and some modern southern Chinese dialects. The term was used in ''bai yue'' ("hundred Yue") for the various peoples in what is now southern China, including the regions of northern Vietnam.
== Diaspora ==
Originally from northern Vietnam and southern China, the Vietnamese have conquered much of the land belonging to the [[Champa]] Kingdom and [[Khmer Empire]] over the centuries. They are the dominant ethnic group in most provinces of Vietnam, and constitute a significant portion of the population of [[Cambodia]].
Under the [[Khmer Rouge]] in Cambodia, they were the most persecuted group. Tens of thousands were murdered in regime-organized massacres. Most of the survivors fled to Vietnam.
During the [[16th century|sixteenth century]], some Vietnamese migrated into [[Thailand]] and China. In Thailand, they are mostly distributed in [[Isan]] provinces such as [[Nakhon Phanom]] or [[Mukdahan]]. In China, although somewhat more sinicized, their descendants still speak Vietnamese and form the [[Gin people of China]].
They are among the recognized minority groups in the People's Republic of China based especially in or around [[Guangxi Province]].
When the [[France|French]] left Vietnam in [[1954]], some Vietnamese emigrated to France. However, there already have been ethnic Vietnamese residing and/or studying in France at least since the end of [[World War I]]. As a result of the partition of [[North Vietnam|North]] and [[South Vietnam]], nearly one million Vietnamese fled the North for the South to escape persecution. Meanwhile, a much smaller number of southerners joined the north.
The end of the [[Vietnam War]] prompted many others to flee the country. The six countries that accepted Vietnamese [[refugees]] were the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Great Britain]], [[France]], [[West Germany]], and [[Australia]]. Tens of thousands had been sent to work or study in [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]] and later settled there, the vast majority among those from the north or those who stayed in reunified Vietnam after [[1975]].
== See also ==
{{columns
|col1 =
*[[Yue (peoples)]]
*[[Vietnamese language]]
*[[Overseas Vietnamese]]
*[[Vietnamese culture]]
|col2 =
*[[Vietnamese food]]
*[[Vietnamese music]]
*[[Vietnamese name]]
*[[Vietnam]]
|col3 =
*[[List of ethnic groups in Vietnam]]
*[[History of Vietnam]]
*[[East Asia]]
*[[Southeast Asia]]
}}
==Notes and references==
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{{reflist}}
<br/>{{Ethnic groups in Vietnam}}
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<!--Categories-->
[[Category:Vietnamese people| ]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]]
<!--Other languages-->
[[cs:Vietnamci]]
[[de:Vietnamesen]]
[[eo:Vjetnamoj]]
[[id:Etnis Vietnam]]
[[it:Viet]]
[[he:וייטנאמים]]
[[ka:ვიეტნამელები]]
[[lt:Vietnamiečiai]]
[[ja:ベトナム人]]
[[pl:Wietnamczycy]]
[[ru:Вьеты]]
[[sh:Vijetnamci]]
[[fi:Vietnamilaiset]]
[[vi:Người Việt]]
[[zh:越族]]