Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
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{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
Image = Poliosis VKHS.JPG|
Caption = |
DiseasesDB = 13983 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|H|20|8|h|15}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|364.24}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = |
eMedicineSubj = derm |
eMedicineTopic = 739 |
MeshID = D014607 |
}}
'''Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH syndrome)''' is a condition seen in humans and [[dog]]s involving various melanocyte-containing organs, characterized by [[uveitis]] (inflammation of the inside of the [[eye]]), [[poliosis]] (whitening of hair), [[vitiligo]] (loss of [[pigment]] in the skin), and [[meningitis]], although dogs with this syndrome rarely develop meningitis. It is also known as '''uveodermatologic syndrome'''.
==Pathophysiology==
VKH syndrome is an immune-mediated disease. The mechanism of the disease is thought to be [[T helper cell]] mediated autoimmune attack of [[melanocyte]]s in the skin and [[uvea]] of dogs and humans, and in the [[central nervous system]] and [[inner ear]] of humans.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sigle K, McLellan G, Haynes J, Myers R, Betts D |title=Unilateral uveitis in a dog with uveodermatologic syndrome |journal=J Am Vet Med Assoc |volume=228 |issue=4 |pages=543–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16478427 |doi=10.2460/javma.228.4.543}}</ref>
In humans there is a higher rate of VKH syndrome in people of Asian, Latin, and Mediterranean descent.<ref name=Gelatt_1999>{{cite book|author=Gelatt, Kirk N. (ed.)|title=Veterinary Ophthalmology|edition=3rd ed.|publisher=Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins|year=1999|id=ISBN 0-683-30076-8}}</ref>
==VKH syndrome in dogs==
In dogs VKH syndrome (often called VKH-like syndrome) most commonly affects young animals and is seen most commonly in the [[Akita Inu]], but also in the [[Siberian Husky]] and [[Samoyed (dog)|Samoyed]].<ref name=Gelatt_1999/> Uveitis usually occurs first and is often severe enough to cause blindness. VKH syndrome can also cause [[retinal detachment]], [[cataract]]s, and [[glaucoma]]. Pigment partly disappears from the [[retinal pigment epithelium]] and [[iris (anatomy)|iris]]. Skin lesions include loss of pigment and hair on the eyelids, nose, and lips. Symptoms and [[biopsy]] will confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is with [[immunosuppressive drug]]s such as [[prednisone]] and [[azathioprine]]. The [[prognosis]] is guarded.<ref name=Gelatt_1999/>
==Eponym==
It is named for [[Alfred Vogt]], [[Yoshizo Koyanagi]], and [[Einosuke Harada]].<ref>{{WhoNamedIt|synd|1072}}</ref><ref>A Vogt. Frühzeitiges Ergrauen der Zilien und Bemerkungen über den sogenannten plötzlichen Eintritt dieser Veränderung. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde, Stuttgart, 1906, 44: 228-242.</ref><ref>Y. Koyanagi. Dysakusis, Alopecie und Poliosis bei schwerer Uveitis nicht traumatischen Ursprungs. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde, Stuttgart, 1929, 82: 194-211.</ref><ref>E. Harada. Clinical study of nonsuppurative choroiditis. A report of acute diffuse choroiditis. Acta Societatis ophthalmologicae Japonicae, 1926, 30: 356.</ref>
==References==
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[[Category:Dog diseases]]
[[de:Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-Syndrom]]
[[ja:原田病]]
[[pl:Zespół Vogta-Koyanagiego-Harady]]