Volcanic bomb
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{{Unreferenced|date=August 2007}}
[[Image:Lava-bomb-01.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Fusiform lava bomb. [[Capelinhos]] Volcano, [[Faial Island]], [[Azores]].]]
A '''volcanic bomb''' is a globe of molten rock ([[tephra]]) larger than 65 mm (2.5 inches) in diameter, formed when a [[volcano]] ejects [[viscosity|viscous]] fragments of [[lava]] during an eruption. They cool into solid fragments before they reach the ground. Lava bombs can be thrown many kilometres from an erupting vent, and often acquire aerodynamic shapes during their flight. Bombs can be extremely large; the 1935 eruption of Asama in Japan expelled bombs measuring 5-6 m in diameter up to distances of 600 m from the vent.
Volcanic bombs are a significant volcanic hazard, and can cause severe injuries and death to people in an eruption zone. One such incident occurred at [[Galeras]] volcano in [[Colombia]] in [[1993]]; six people near the summit were killed and several seriously injured by lava bombs when the volcano erupted unexpectedly.
==Types of Bombs==
Bombs are named according to their shape, which is determined by the fluidity of the magma from which they are formed.
'''1. Ribbon or cylindrical bombs'''
These bombs form from highly to moderately fluid magma, ejected as irregular strings and blobs. The strings break up into small segments which fall to the ground intact and look like ribbons. Hence, the name- ribbon bombs. These bombs are circular or flattened in cross section, are fluted along their length, and have tabular vesicles.
'''2. Spherical bombs'''
These bombs also form from high to moderately fluid magma. In the case of spherical bombs, surface tension plays a major role in pulling the ejecta into spheres.
'''3. Spindle, fusiform, or almond/rotational bombs'''
These bombs are formed by the same processes as spherical bombs, though the major difference being the partial nature of the spherical shape. Spinning during flight leaves these bombs looking elongated or almond shape, the spinning theory behind these bombs' development has also given them the name 'fusiform bombs'. Spindle bombs are characterised by longitudinal fluting, one side slightly smoother and broader than the other. This smooth side represents the underside of the bomb as it fell through the air.
'''4. Cow-dung bombs'''
These are formed when highly fluid magma falls from moderate height (so the bomb does not solidify before impact) which are still liquid when they strike the ground. They consequently flatten or splash and form irregular roundish disks which resemble cow-dung.
'''5. Bread-crust bombs'''
If the outside of a lava bomb solidifies during its flight, it may develop a cracked outer surface as the interior continues to expand. This type of lava bomb is known as a bread-crust bomb. <br>
'''6. Cored bombs'''
Cored bombs are bombs that have rinds of lava enclosing a core of previously consolidated lava. The core consists of accessory fragments of an earlier eruption, accidental fragments of country rock or in rare cases bits of lava formed earlier during the same eruption.
{{commonscat|Volcanic bomb}}
==External links==
* http://www.gc.maricopa.edu/earthsci/imagearchive/bombs.htm
* http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/bomb.html
[[Category:Volcanology]]
[[Category:Igneous rocks]]
[[ca:Bomba volcànica]]
[[cs:Sopečná puma]]
[[de:Vulkanische Bombe]]
[[et:Vulkaaniline pomm]]
[[es:Bomba volcánica]]
[[fr:Bombe volcanique]]
[[it:Bomba vulcanica]]
[[hu:Vulkáni bomba]]
[[nl:Vulkanische bom]]
[[no:Vulkansk bombe]]
[[nds:Bomb (Vulkan)]]
[[pl:Bomba wulkaniczna]]
[[pt:Bomba vulcânica]]
[[uk:Вулканічна бомба]]