Wadowice
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2008-07-05T04:00:15Z
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{{Infobox Settlement
| name = Wadowice
| image_skyline = Wadowice LuftB.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Aerial view of Main Square
| image_shield = Wadowice herb.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Lesser Poland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Wadowice County]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Wadowice]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Ewa Filipiak
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 14th century
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = 1430
| elevation_min_m = 250
| elevation_max_m = 318
| area_total_km2 = 12.98
| population_as_of = 2007
| population_total = 19149
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| latd = 49
| latm = 53
| lats =
| latNS = N
| longd = 19
| longm = 30
| longs =
| longEW = E
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 34-100
| area_code = +48 33
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = KWA
| website = http://www.wadowice.pl }}
'''Wadowice''' [{{IPA-pl|w|a|d|o|'|w|i|c|e}}] ({{lang-de|Wadowitz}}) is a [[town]] in southern [[Poland]], 50km from [[Kraków]] with 19,200 inhabitants (2006), situated on the [[Skawa]] river, confluence of [[Vistula]], in the eastern part of Silesian Plateau (Pogórze Ślaskie). Wadowice was the birthplace of [[Pope]] [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] (1920).
== History ==
The first permanent settlement in the area of today's Wadowice was founded in late 10th century or early 11th century. According to a local legend, the town was founded by certain Wad or Wład, a short form for the Slavic name of [[Ladislaus]]. The town was first mentioned as ''Wadowicze'' in St. Peter penny register in years 1325–1327. In 1327 it is also mentioned (under the same name) in a [[fief]] registry sent from prince [[John I Scholastyk of Oswiecim|John I Scholastyk of Oświęcim]] to [[Bohemia]]n king [[John I, Count of Luxemburg]]. At this time it was a trading settlement belonging to the [[Dukes of Silesia]] of the [[Piast Dynasty]], and according to some historians it was already a municipality. In 1430 a great fire destroyed the town. It was soon rebuilt and granted [[city rights]], along with a [[city charter]] and a self-government, based on the then-popular [[Kulm law]]. The privileges, granted by Prince [[Casimir I of Oswiecim|Kazimierz I of Oświęcim]] led to a period of fast reconstruction and growth.
The administrative division of the region in the times of [[Piast Poland#Fragmentation and Invasion.2C .281146-1295.29|regional division]] was complicated. Initially, between 1313/1317 and 1445, Wadowice belonged to the [[Silesia]]n Duchy of [[Oświęcim]] and after 1445 to the Duchy of [[Zator]]. In 1482 [[Wladyslaw I of Zator|Władysław I of Zator]] inherited only half of his father's lands and created a separate [[Duchy of Wadowice]], which lasted until his death in 1493. The following year his brother and successor, [[John V of Zator|Jan V of Zator]] abdicated. At the same time the land was subject to [[Bohemia]]n overlordship, which lasted until the following year, when the Duchy was bought by the [[Kings of Poland]] and incorporated as a [[Silesian County]]. Finally, the County was incorporated into the [[Kraków Voivodeship]] in 1564.
In the 16th-17th centuries Wadowice was a regional centre of crafts and trade. Among the most notable sons of the town was [[Marcin Wadowita]], a theologian, philosopher and a [[deacon]] of the [[Jagiellonian University|Kraków Academy]]. He was also the founder of a [[hospital]] and a basic school in Wadowice. However, several plagues and fires halted the prosperity and the town's growth was eventually halted as well.
In the effect of the [[Partitions of Poland|1st Partition of Poland]], Wadowice was annexed by [[Austria]] and incorporated into the newly-established Kingdom of [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]], under direct Austrian rule. The town's growth started soon afterwards, after a road linking [[Vienna]] with [[Lwów]] was built. The town became a seat of a [[commune (subnational entity)|communal]] administration and since 1867 - a county site. Small industries were developing slowly during the 19th century. New inhabitants settled in the area, attracted by the industry, new military barracks and various administrative institutions. In addition, a new hospital and a regional court were erected in the town centre. Finally, in the last 25 years of the 19th century partial liberalisation of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] monarchy led to creation of various Polish cultural and scientific societies.
After the [[World War I]] and the dissolution of the monarchy, Wadowice became part of the newly-reborn [[Poland]]. The seat of a [[powiat]] remained in the town and in 1919 the inhabitants of the area formed the 12th Infantry Regiment that took part in the [[Polish-Bolshevik War]] of 1919–1920. In 1920 Karol Wojtyła was born in Wadowice (later known as the bishop of [[Kraków]] and Pope [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]).
[[Image:Geb-Haus Papst.jpg|thumb|left|Pope John Paul II's home]]
[[Image:Wadowice Basilika.jpg|thumb|right|Basilica in Wadowice]]
After the [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|Polish Defensive War]] of 1939, [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] occupied the area and on [[October 26]] Wadowice was annexed by [[Nazi Germany]]. On [[December 29]] of the same year the town was renamed to ''Frauenstadt''. Initially the Polish [[intelligentsia]] was targeted by harsh German racial and cultural policies and hundreds of people from the area, most notably priests, teachers and artists, were murdered in mass executions. Hundreds more were expelled and resettled to the [[General Government]] in order to make place for German settlers. Between 1941 and 1943 a [[ghetto]] was established in the city. Almost the entire local [[History of Polish Jews|Jewish]] population (more than 2,000) was exterminated, mostly in the nearby [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]. In addition, the Germans set up a [[Prisoner of war|POW]] camp for [[Allies|Allied]] soldiers and a penal camp that served as a transfer camp for various [[German concentration camp]]s. Despite German terror, the [[Home Army]] units were active in the area, most notably in the town itself and in the Beskid mountains to the south of it.
After the war, in 1945 Wadowice retained its [[powiat]] town status and until 1975 served as a notable centre of commerce and transport in the [[Kraków Voivodeship]]. After that the town was transferred to the newly-created [[Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship]]. After the [[History of Poland (1989–present)|peaceful transformation of the political and economical system]] in [[Poland]] (in 1989), most of the local industry was found inefficient and went bankrupt. However, the ecological and historical heritage of the area, as well it's status as the birthplace of [[Pope John Paul II]], led to a fast growth of tourism. Currently there are more than 200,000 people visiting Wadowice every year and this number is rising every year.
== Economy ==
Wadowice is today mainly a centre for tourism and sightseeing, but also a place for small industries such as the production of machines and construction materials. There is also the headquarters of the biggest juice-maker of Poland - Maspex - and the shoe producer - Badura.
== Culture and sightseeing ==
* Days of Wadowice (Dni Wadowic) are held every May-June. The feast starts every [[May 18]] to commemorate the birth of [[Pope John Paul II|Karol Wojtyła]]
* Museum of the Holy Father Family House in the native home of Pope John Paul II collects remainders and relics about Karol Wojtyła and his family.
* Parochial church - the Virgin Mary's Offertory [[minor basilica]] – 15th century, rebuilt in 18th century
* Kościelna 4 street, an 18th century house
* Neo-Classical "Mikołaj" manor - 19th century, named after mayor [[Mikolaj Komorowski|Mikołaj Komorowski]]
* Municipal Museum of [[Marcin Wadowita]]
* Pope John Paul II square with 19th century burgher houses
* Monument to [[Emil Zegadlowicz|Emil Zegadłowicz]], a writer who described the area of Wadowice in many of his books
== Notable people ==
* [[Pope John Paul II|Karol Wojtyła]] (1920-2005), Polish priest and bishop of [[Kraków]], 1978-2005 the Roman Catholic [[Pope]] (as [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]])
* [[Marcin Wadowita]] ''Martinus Vadovius Campinus'' (born 1567), Polish theologian, philosopher and deacon of the [[Jagiellonian University|Kraków Academy]]
* [[Emil Lask]] (b. 1875), German philosopher, brother of [[Berta Lask]]
* [[Berta Lask]] (b. 1878), German writer (pseudonym "Gerhard Wieland"), journalist and communist activist born November 17, 1878 Wadowitz, † March 28, 1967 in [[Berlin]]
* [[Ada Sari]] (''Jadwiga Schayer'', b. 1886) opera singer and actress
* [[Godwin Brumowski]] (1889-1936), [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] [[World War I|WWI]] [[fighter ace]] and air general
* [[Rafal Bujnowski|Rafał Bujnowski]] (b. 1974), painter
* Saint [[Raphael Kalinowski]] (b. 1835, Vilna; d. 1906, Wadowice), founder of Wadowice college, seminary, church, monastery, and convent
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{citation style}}
*[http://www.wadowice.pl/ Wadowice Town Council]
*http://www.it.wadowice.pl/ - Tourist Information
*http://www.wck.wadowice.pl/ - Wadowice Cultural Center, museum
*http://www.wadowice.pl/dom/srodek.htm Pope's home
*http://www.wadowice.com/ - info. Wadowice
=== Sports ===
*http://www.skawa.iap.pl/ - Klub Sportowy Skawa Wadowice, [[football (soccer)|football]], [[basketball]] and [[volleyball]] club
*http://pukskarol.pl - football, basketball, volleyball and swimming
=== Business ===
{{commonscat|Wadowice}}
*http://www.skawa.com.pl/ - ZPC Skawa Wadowice, sweets producer
*http://www.fumis-bumar.com.pl/ - Fumis-Bumar, producer of mechanical devices
*http://www.maspex.pl/ - Maspex Wadowice, producer of drinks and juices
*http://www.ponar-wadowice.pl/ - Ponar Wadowice, producer of hydraulics devices
*http://www.ajb.pl/ distributor of electrical products and bearings
{{coor title dm|49|53|N|19|29|E|region:PL_type:city}}
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{{Wadowice County}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lesser Poland Voivodeship]]
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