Warburg
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2008-07-13T11:14:09Z
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{{Infobox German Location
|Art = Stadt
|Wappen = Wappen Warburg.png
|lat_deg = 51 |lat_min = 30 |lat_sec = 00
|lon_deg = 09 |lon_min = 10 |lon_sec = 11
|Lageplan =
|Bundesland = Nordrhein-Westfalen
|Regierungsbezirk = Detmold
|Kreis = Höxter
|Höhe = 230
|Fläche = 168.71
|Einwohner = 24160
|Stand = 2006-12-31
|PLZ = 34414
|Vorwahl = 0 56 41
|Kfz = HX
|Kfz-alt = WAR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 7 62 036
|Gliederung = 16
|Straße = Bahnhofstraße 28
|Website = [http://www.warburg.de www.warburg.de]
|Bürgermeister = Michael Stickeln
|Partei = CDU
}}
{{Otheruses}}
'''Warburg''' is a town in eastern [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] on the river Diemel near the three-state point shared by [[Hessen]], [[Lower Saxony]] and North Rhine-Westphalia. It is in [[Höxter (district)|Höxter]] district and [[Detmold (region)|Detmold]] region. Warburg is the midpoint in the ''Warburger Börde''.
== Geography ==
[[Image:Warburg vom Desenberg.jpg|thumb|Warburg as seen from the Desenberg]]
The main town, consisting of the Old Town (''Altstadt'') and the New Town (''Neustadt'') and bearing the same name as the whole town, is a hill town. While the Old Town lies in the Diemel Valley, the New Town rises on the heights above the Diemel. The Warburg municipal area borders in the west on the [[Sauerland]] and in the northwest on the [[Eggegebirge]] foothills, while in the north and northeast the ''Warburger Börde'' abuts the town and in the south stretches the Diemel Valley.
=== Constituent communities ===
Warburg consists of the following 16 centres:
* Bonenburg (1,107 inhabitants)
* Calenberg (459 inhabitants)
* Dalheim (95 inhabitants)
* Daseburg (1,354 inhabitants)
* Dössel (651 inhabitants)
* Germete (997 inhabitants)
* Herlinghausen (446 inhabitants)
* Hohenwepel (683 inhabitants)
* Menne (846 inhabitants)
* Nörde (780 inhabitants)
* Ossendorf (1,332 inhabitants)
* Rimbeck (1,603 inhabitants)
* Scherfede (3,105 inhabitants)
* Warburg (10,663 inhabitants)
* Welda (889 inhabitants)
* Wormeln (652 inhabitants)
== History ==
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name = ''Freie Reichsstadt Warburg''
|conventional_long_name = Imperial Free City of Warburg
|common_name = Warburg
|continent = Europe
|region = Central Europe
|country = Germany
|era = Middle Ages
|status = City-state
|empire = Holy Roman Empire
|government_type = Republic
|year_start = 10th century
|year_end = 1802
|event_start = Old Town founded
|date_start = before 1036
|event1 = [[Personal union]] with<br>{{spaces|4}}[[Paderborn|Bishopric of Paderborn]]
|date_event1 = <br>1020s
|event2 = Gained ''[[Reichsfreiheit]]''
|date_event2 = 1180
|event3 = Joined [[Hanseatic League]]
|date_event3 = 1364
|event4 = [[Thirty Years' War|Annexed]] to [[Duchy of Brunswick|Brunswick]]
|date_event4 = 1622–48
|event_end = [[German Mediatisation|Mediatised]] to [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]
|date_end = <!--- Optional: Date of disestablishment --->
|event_post = Annexed to [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Westphalia]]
|date_post = 1807–15
|p1 = <!--- Name of the article for preceding entity, numbered 1-5 --->
|image_p1 = <!--- Use: [[Image:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] --->
|s1 = Kingdom of Prussia
|flag_s1 = Flag of Prussia (1750).gif
|capital = Warburg
|footnotes =
}}
=== Prehistory ===
In the [[4th millennium BC]], there was a [[megalith]] culture in the Warburg area.
=== Protohistory ===
In the first century AD, there were [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] settlers south of the Desenberg.
=== Middle Ages ===
In the 8th century, there was a Saxon noble seat west of the town. In the 8th and 9th centuries came the [[Christianization]] of the [[Saxons]] in the Diemel area.
The name Warburg was first mentioned in a document sometime around 1010, although [[archaeology|archaeological]] finds have established that there were already people living in what is now Warburg by [[protohistory|protohistoric]] times. The first definite documentary mention came in 1036.
In the 11th century there was on the ''Warburger Burgberg'' ("Castle Mountain") the "Wartburg", under whose protection people came and settled. The castle was at first owned by Count Dodiko, whose estate, according to documents, passed in 1020 to the [[Bishop of Paderborn]] when the Count's only son met his end in an accident. Eventually, sometime between 1021 and 1033, the Emperor further granted to the bishop the Count's rights. About 1180, the Old Town was granted town rights.
From the castle hill, there was a good view over the Diemel Valley, such that a close watch could be kept on the [[ford (crossing)|ford]] that merchants had to cross going to Warburg and [[Paderborn]]. This ford on the Diemel was a crossroads of several ancient commercial roads and was crucial in the town's development into a central place. The Warburg New Town was founded in 1228–1229 by [[Bernhard IV of Lippe]], Bishop of Paderborn, to bolster his political position in the Diemel area against encroachment by the [[Bishop of Cologne]]. About 1239, the New Town had been built into a complete town in its own right, and the towsfolk there had full civil rights after the [[Dortmund]] and [[Marsberg]] models. In 1260, the New Town was granted the right to build a town wall, not only against armies from afar, but even – expressly – against the Old Town.
In 1364, both the Old Town and the New Town became members of the [[Hanseatic League]]. By 1436, they had forgotten their differences, uniting that year into one town.
==== Unification of the two towns ====
[[Image:Gipsabdruck Warburger Neustadt, Der Grote Breff von 1436.jpg|thumb|Plaster stamp of the seal of Warburg New Town under the constitutional document "Der Grote Breff" from 1436]]
The two towns, the Old Town and the New Town, joined in 1436 into one town. In ''Der Grote Breff'' ("The Great Letter"), the newly united town's constitution was precisely framed and sealed. Both former towns' seals are to be seen on the Great Letter. On the cast seal (in the picture), two defensive towers with a double wall are to be seen. Under the town gate stands the Bishop of Paderborn with a staff. The circumscription reads: ''"Sigillium burgensium in wartborch"''. The Great Letter is written in [[Middle Low German]], the Hanseatic League's language, and stands as a substantial legal document.
Hitherto, the Old Town's and the New Town's council meetings had each been taking place in their respective town halls, each on their respective marketplaces. Now, however, there were two [[mayor]]s. This was solved by allowing each mayor to head the unified town for half the year. Furthermore, both town halls were used for council meetings, again, each for half the year. However, the problem of having two town halls was not fully resolved until 132 years after the two former towns had merged. Only then, in 1568, was the new ''Rathaus Zwischen den Städten'' – Town Hall Between the Towns – built.
The common Town Hall, in the form of preserved [[Renaissance]] buildings, was built right on the former boundary between the two former towns, with two separate entrances for ''Altstädter'' and ''Neustädter'' ("Old Towners" and "New Towners"). In 1902–1903, it was expanded with a [[Timber framing|half-timbered]] floor. It stands right where a gate, the ''Liebfrauentor'' (roughly, "Gate of Our Lady"), once stood. In the Middle Ages, this was the only gateway between the two then separate towns.
The Old Town's former Town Hall, renovated in 1973, nowadays serves [[gastronomy|gastronomical]] and residential ends. The New Town's former Town Hall served various purposes ranging from Town Hall cellar to assembly hall to market hall before it had to be torn down in 1803 owing to decrepitude.
There arose yet another superfluous government building in 1975 after the communities of the old ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' of Warburg-Land were amalgamated with Warburg, namely the ''Amt'' administration building on Kasseler Straße, which was forsaken by the district authorities in favour of the ''Behördenhaus'' ("Authority House") on Bahnhofstraße.
=== Modern times ===
[[Image:Merian, Matthäus - Topographia Westphaliae - Warburgum, 1647.jpg|thumb|[[Matthäus Merian]]: ''Warburgum''. Engraving from the ''Topographia Westphaliae'' from 1647]]
In the early 17th century, Warburg was a well known and rich trading town. Outside the town walls rose "die Hüffert" as a new part of the town. In the [[Thirty Years' War]], great parts of die Hüffert and other villages in the area were sacked and destroyed, impoverishing the town. In 1622, the town was captured by [[Christian the Younger of Brunswick, Bishop of Halberstadt]], who is sometimes called in [[German language|German]] ''der tolle Christian'' – "Christian the Mad". By 1628, the town was changing overlords and occupation armies repeatedly as the war dragged on, ending up in Imperial hands by the time the war ended in 1648.
On [[5 June]] [[1695]], [[Johann Conrad Schlaun]] was born in Nörde near Warburg (now one of Warburg's constituent communities).
On [[31 July]] [[1760]], during the [[Seven Years' War]], Warburg was the scene of a battle that now bears its name. Twenty-four thousand [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]], [[Electorate of Hanover|Hanoverian]], Hessian and [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] troops fought under Prince [[Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick|Ferdinand of Brunswick]] and the [[Crown Prince]] of [[Hesse-Kassel]] against a [[France|French]] army of 21,500 soldiers led by Lieutenant-General Le Chevalier du Muy and the [[Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie|Duke of Broglie]]. The Prussians and their allies won, killing 8,000 French soldiers while losing only 1,500 themselves, leaving them free to sack the town. A tower on the Desenberg recalls the [[Battle of Warburg]].
On [[3 August]] [[1802]], Prussian troops came into Warburg in anticipation of the decisions of [[German Mediatisation]] (''[[Reichsdeputationshauptschluss]]''). From 1807 to 1813, in the [[Napoleon]]ic Era, Warburg belonged to the [[Kingdom of Westphalia]]. After the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815, Warburg was once again assigned to Prussia. The next year, it became a district seat.
In 1849 came the [[railway]]. In 1892 – 244 years after it had ended – Warburg at last paid off the last of the debts that it had incurred because of the Thirty Years' War.
In 1933, at the March elections, the [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]] won 67.2% of the vote in Warburg to the [[NSDAP]]'s 21.8%.
During [[World War II]] there was a [[Prisoner of war]] camp [[Oflag VI-B]] in the suburb Dössel. 20 September 1943, 47 Polish officers escaped through a tunnel. 37 were recaptured and executed by the Gestapo.
On [[1 April]] [[1945]], Warburg was captured by [[United States|American]] troops.
On [[1 January]] [[1975]] came municipal reorganization, which saw 16 formerly independent municipalities merged into a new greater town of Warburg. Also, the districts of Warburg and Höxter were united, taking the latter's name. In 1983, Warburg became a founding member of the Wesphalian Hanseatic League (''Westfälischer Hansebund'').
=== History of the districts ===
==== Welda ====
The lands around Warburg's constituent community of Welda, once a border town between [[Westphalia]], [[Waldeck]] and [[Hesse]], have yielded forth archaeological evidence of a [[Celt]]ic presence. It has been confirmed that the village was once visited in 1856 by Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, who went on to become the "Ninety-Nine-Day Emperor", Kaiser [[Frederick III, German Emperor|Friedrich III]]. He presented the church with a [[Eucharist|Communion]] [[Chalice (cup)|chalice]]. After the [[Second World War]], in 1945, there was an American [[prison camp]] at Welda holding roughly 80,000 German [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]].
==== Wormeln ====
Likewise, Wormeln's surrounding area has yielded archaeological finds that point to ancient settlement.
There is believed to have been a parish in Wormeln by about 780, with church patrons [[Simon the Zealot]] and [[Judah (Biblical figure)|Judah]]. Wormeln had its first documentary mention in 1018 in a donation document from Count [[Dodiko]] to [[Meinwerk, Bishop of Paderborn]].
About 1246, the Counts of Everstein founded the Wormeln [[Cistercian]] [[Convent]] of the [[Nuns of the Grey Order]]. On [[16 September]] [[1810]], [[Jérôme Bonaparte]], King of Westphalia in Napoleonic times, decreed the convent's dissolution.
=== Population ===
<small>(each time at 31 December)</small>
*1998 – 24,130
*1999 – 24,234
*2000 – 24,204
*2001 – 24,218
*2002 – 24,273
*2003 – 24,292
*2004 – 24,380
== Religion ==
=== Christianity ===
During the [[Saxon Wars]] in the 8th century the area round the Diemel was incorprorated into the [[Frankish realm]]. Beside other places Warburg is presumed to be the location were the [[Irminsul]], an old Saxon sacred pillar. The Austrian abbot [[Sturmius]] proselytized the area around the Diemel and [[Weser]] in 774. So the area around Warburg was Christianized from 774 on.
==== Catholic church ====
As most of Warburg's inhabitants are catholic it is part of the center zone of the [[Catholic Archdiocese of Paderborn]]. Many theologians as Otto Beckmann, Anton Corvinus or Julius Dammann, office bearers of the church like Johann Conrad Schlaun or Arnold Güldenpfennig and church artists like Josef Kohlschein come from Warburg.
==== Syriac Orthodox ====
[[Image:Syrisch-orthodoxes Kloster, ehemaliges Dominikanerkloster.JPG|thumb|The syriac orthodox monastery in Warburg]]
The [[Syriac Orthodox Church]]'s bishopric of Germany was founded in 1997 and has its episcopal seat in the former [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] monastery in Warburg. After the monastery was renovated, it was used as a Syriac Orthodox centre in Westphalia.
=== Jewish life in Warburg ===
Warburg had in bygone days an important [[Jew]]ish community. About 1800, roughly 200 of Warburg's 2,000 towsfolk were Jewish, and about 1900, some 300 of the 5,000 people in the town were. The sharp upswing in the population as a whole was due to migration from the countryside, industries setting up shop in town, and railway operations.
In the 16th century, the Warburg family took the town's name as their own and moved in the second half of the 18th century to [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]] ([[Hamburg]]), where the brothers Moses Marcus and Gerson Warburg built up the Bankinstitut M&M Warburg in 1798. From this family also came the natural scientists Otto and [[Emil Warburg]].
Another well known Warburg Jewish family were the Oppenheims, among whom was [[Hermann Oppenheim]], a famous German [[neurologist]]. Yet another famous townsman was Emil Herz, a publisher at the [[Ullstein-Verlag]] (until the [[Nazis]] forced him out as the company's director in 1934, after he had worked there for 30 years), who described in his book something of Jewish life in Warburg.
There is still a Jewish [[cemetery]] in Warburg today. The [[synagogue]], which stood in the Old Town, was destroyed on ''[[Kristallnacht]]'' ([[9 November]] [[1938]]).
== Culture ==
=== Buildings ===
[[Image:Eckmaenneken-Haus, erbaut 1471, Warburg.JPG|thumb|The ''Eckmänneken-Haus'' (Corner figure house), built in 1471]]
*Historic Old and New towns
*Town Hall "between the towns"
*Town hall was once it's castle
*Partial city wall with remainders of the medieval city walls from both towns
*Five defensive towers (Frankenturm, Chattenturm, Johannesturm, Biermannsturm and Sackturm)
*Two town gates (Johannestor and Sacktor)
*Half-timbered houses among the oldest in Nordrhein-Westfalen (for example:Hirsch-Apotheke, Corvinushaus, Eckmänneken-Haus, Haus Böttrich)
*Catholic Oldtown church 'St. Maria-Heimsuchung' (1299)
*Catholic Newtown church 'St. Johannes Baptist' (1264)
*Ev. Church 'Maria-in-vinea / Maria-im-Weinberg'.
*second neo-Gothic Dominican cloister 'St.-Maria-Himmelfahrt'; built in 1906-1915.
*Erasmuschapel on the terrain of the earlier Wartburg on the Burgberg, the current castle cemetery. In the first floor of the chapel, the oldest building monument of the city is found with the romanctic crypt of the earlier St.-Andreas-Kirche.
*Marianum School (1828)
*Railway station from the year 1849 (Royal Westfälischen Railroad Company)
*Castle ruins of Desenberg
==== Medieval fortification ====
In the Middle Ages, the castle was mostly surrounded by a double wall ring, through which the old and new city gates lead to the breachstone.The old towns citizens first erected the connection wall of the castle to the ''Johannistor-Tower''. Because of height of the castle mountain the ''Chattenturm'' was constructed. The round ''Sackturm'' (Saxon tower) next to the ''Sacktor'' (Saxon Gate) was erected in 1443 while the ''Sacktor'' was built around 1300. Until 1830, the town castle hadabout ten city towers and nine city gates. In the walls of the old town, there were five gates and four in the new town, of which only the ''Sacktor'' and the ''Johannistor'' have been preserved. Between 1801 and 1840, the other gates were taken down.
<gallery>
Image:Frankenturm, erbaut 1350, Warburg.jpg|Frankenturm, built 1350, Warburg
Image:Sackturm, erbaut 1443, und Sacktor, Warburg.jpg|Sackturm, built 1443, and Sacktor, Warburg
Image:Sacktor, Warburg.jpg|Sacktor, built about 1300, Warburg
Image:Sackturm, erbaut 1443, Warburg.jpg|Sackturm, built 1443, Warburg (view from castle graveyard)
Image:Chattenturm, Warburg.jpg|Chattenturm, Warburg
Image:Johannistor-Turm, erbaut 1290–1350, Warburg.jpg|Johannistor-Turm, built 1290–1350, Warburg
Image:Biermannsturm, erbaut Mitte 15. Jh., Warburg.jpg|Biermannsturm, built mi 15th cen., Warburg
</gallery>
=== Theatre and cinema ===
* Theater in Warburg, Pädagogisches Zentrum
* Kino Cineplex Warburg, Oberer Hilgenstock 30
=== Concerts ===
* Warburger Meisterkonzerte, Gymnasium Marianum auditorium and inner yard
* Rock gegen Regen, Scherfede
* Art of Darkness, Scherfede
=== Museums ===
* Museum im Stern, Sternstraße 35
* Bäckerei-Museum (private bakery museum) in Warburg's Old Town, Lange Straße 6
=== Regular events ===
* ''Maifest'' ("May festival", yearly)
* ''Kälkenfest'' (old word for "Lime festival", yearly)
* ''Oktoberwoche'' ("October Week", yearly)
* ''Schützenfest'' (shooting festival, every two years)
* Christmas Market, at both marketplaces during [[Advent]] (yearly)
== Politics ==
The last municipal election took place on [[26 September]] [[2004]]. Winners with an [[absolute majority]] were the CDU. The next election is in 2009.
=== Town council ===
Council seat distribution (as at 1 October 2004):
* [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] 22 seats
* [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] 8 seats
* Bürger-Union 4 seats
* [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Greens]] 3 seats
* [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] 1 seat
==== Factional chairmen ====
* CDU: Willi Vonde
* SPD: Karl-Heinz Hellmuth
* Freie Unabhängige Bürger: Wolfgang Gumm
* Greens: Franz-Josef Rose
=== Mayors ===
Warburg's mayor is Michael Stickeln, the first deputy mayor is Elisabeth Müntefering, and the second deputy mayor is Heinz Josef Bodemann, all three of whom belong to the CDU.
=== Coat of arms ===
Warburg's civic [[coat of arms]] might heraldically be described thus: In azure a fleur-de-lis argent.
Warburg's oldest town seals are from 1254 and 1257, and show a bishop – likely the Bishop of Paderborn – standing in a gateway. The [[fleur-de-lis]] charge seen in today's arms originally appeared on [[coin]]s minted in the town, beginning in 1227. Smaller town seals in the 14th century also showed the lis, with the gateway only appearing on the greater seal.
For a time in the 20th century, Warburg used a coat of arms based on the old greater seal, showing the walls, towers and gateway, but not the bishop. His place was taken by a fleur-de-lis. The town, however, readopted the fleur-de-lis-only composition on [[30 June]] [[1977]].[http://www.ngw.nl/int/dld/w/warburg.htm]
=== Town friendships ===
* {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Falkenberg/Elster]], Germany, since 1991
* {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Luckau]], Germany, since 1992
* {{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Walchsee]], [[Austria]] (through the constituent community of Scherfede)
=== Town partnerships ===
* {{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Prochowice]], [[Poland]], since 1997
* {{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Ledegem]]-Sint-Eloois-Winkel, [[Belgium]], since 1998
== Economy and infrastructure ==
Warburg stands as a middle centre in an area shaped by [[agriculture]]. Of the two former great food producers, the Warburg canning plant and sugar factory, only the latter remains. The biggest fields of industry nowadays are automotive technology, steel and machine building, chemicals, woodworking and packaging. Since 1721, brewing rights have been held by the Kohlschein family.
=== Transport ===
[[Image:Bahnhof Warburg.jpg|thumb|Warburg railway station]]
At Warburg, Federal Highways (''Bundesstraßen'') 7 and 252 cross. On the latter, one may reach the Warburg interchange on [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 44|A 44]] ([[Kassel]]-[[Dortmund]]), which not much farther on meets the [[Bundesautobahn 7|A 7]] near Kassel.
The [[railway station]] lies on the [[Ruhr area]]-Kassel ([[InterCityExpress]], [[InterCity]] and [[RegionalBahn]] trains) and [[Hagen]]-Warburg regional lines: RE17 [[Hagen]] – [[Schwerte]] – [[Brilon]]-Wald – [[Kassel]]-Wilhelmshöhe and RB89 [[Rheine]] – [[Münster]] – [[Hamm]] – [[Paderborn]] – Warburg (Westfalen-Bahn). Furthermore, the [[Tram-train|RegioTram RT3]] runs to Kassel Main Railway Station (''Hauptbahnhof''). The surrounding towns are served by regional buses. The town belongs to the Paderborn-Höxter Local Transport Association (''Nahverkehrsverbund Paderborn-Höxter''). When travelling towards Hesse, the North Hesse Transport Association (''Nordhessischer Verkehrsverbund'' or NVV) tariffs apply.
Also easily reached are the two regional [[airport]]s, [[Kassel Calden Airport|Kassel-Calden]] and [[Paderborn Lippstadt Airport|Paderborn-Lippstadt]].
=== Established businesses ===
* Brauns-Heitmann [[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|GmbH]] & Co. [[Kommanditgesellschaft|KG]]
* Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH, Warburg Works
* RTW Rohrtechnik GmbH
* Linnenbrink Technik Warburg GmbH
* [[Südzucker]] [[Aktiengesellschaft|AG]]
* Kobusch-Sengewald GmbH
* Warburger Brauerei GmbH
* Reposa GmbH
* Berg GmbH
* Tolges Kunststoffverarbeitung GmbH & Co. KG
* PRG mbH Präzisions Rührer und Rühranlagen
* LX-3 Veranstaltungstechnik
=== Education ===
* Jugenddorf Petrus Damian, youth help institution
* Kath. [[Primary school|Grundschule]] Warburg
* [[Johannes Daniel Falk|Johannes-Daniel-Falk]]-Schule
* [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] Marianum
* Hüffertgymnasium
* [[Realschule]] Warburg
* [[Hauptschule]] Warburg
* Eisenhoitschule - [[Special education|special school]] for students with learning difficulties
* [[Saint Lawrence|St. Laurentius]]-Heim, school for physically and mentally handicapped
* Petrus-Damian-Schule, special school
* [[Johann Conrad Schlaun|Johann-Conrad-Schlaun]]-Berufkolleg, Höxter district vocational school
* Fachschule für Sozialpädagogik, school for social pedagogy
* [[Folk high school|Volkshochschule]] Warburg
* Musikschule Warburg
=== Fire brigade ===
The town of Warburg already had at its disposal in the Middle Ages organized fire-quenching forces from among the citizenry. With the "Prussian Fire Order" in the early 19th century, even the outlying communities were obliged to lay the groundwork for [[firefighting]].
Beginning about 1850 in what is today Warburg's municipal area, the first structures of modern [[fire brigade]]s were taking shape as "dousing and spraying teams". These were the beginnings of the Ossendorf and Scherfede fire brigades.
After the [[Franco-Prussian War]] (1870-1871), it was [[veteran]]s who had the idea of setting up volunteer fire brigades after the French example of the ''pompiers''. Thus arose the Wormeln fire brigade.
In the main town of Warburg, the volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1889, and quickly thereafter, the same happened in communities throughout the ''Warburger Land''. After the fire in Hohenewepel in 1912, they were established in Dössel, Hohenwepel and Menne.
Today's Warburg volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1975 by merging the town's and all newly amalgamated centres' former volunteer fire brigades.
==Famous people==
The following personalities were born in Warburg:
*[[Antonius Corvinus]], [[theologian]]
*[[Antonius Eisenhoit]], goldsmith
*[[Johann Conrad Schlaun]], [[Baroque]] building master (born in Nörde near Warburg)
*[[Arnold Güldenpfennig]], Paderborn cathedral and diocesan building master
*[[Ignatz Urban]], [[botanist]]
*[[Hermann Oppenheim]], [[Charité]] neurologist
*[[Emil Herz]], [[Germanist]] and Ullstein publishing director
*[[Rudolf von Delius]], writer, publisher
*[[Heinrich Emmerich]], [[cartography|cartographic]] leader in the [[Holy See|Vatican]] (born in Dössel near Warburg)
*[[Heinrich Holtgreve]], painter and artistic educator
*[[Manfred Grothe]], suffragan bishop in the [[Bishopric of Paderborn]]
The following personalities were not born in Warburg, but lived and worked in the town:
*[[Lorenz Humburg]] (1906-1994), painter, worked as an art teacher at Warburg [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]]
*[[Christoph Cardinal Schönborn]] (1945- ), Archbishop of [[Vienna]], joined the Domican Order in Warburg in 1963
*[[Josef Wirmer]] (1901-1944), jurist and [[Widerstand|Resistance]] fighter against [[National Socialism]]; a memorial stone is dedicated to him at the Gymnasium Marianum
*[[Franz-Josef Würmeling]], (1900-1986), family minister, Gymnasium Marianum old boy
==References==
{{de}}
== External links ==
{{Commons|Warburg|Warburg}}
* [http://www.warburg.de/ Warburg]
* [http://www.warburg.net/museum/start.htm Museum im Stern - Information on town history, etc.]
{{Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle}}
{{Towns and municipalities in Höxter district}}
[[Category:Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia]]
[[Category:Hanseatic League]]
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