Website 33898 225929919 2008-07-16T01:54:08Z RSkyhawk 5496366 [[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 225929837 by [[Special:Contributions/70.131.33.79|70.131.33.79]] ([[User talk:70.131.33.79|talk]]) A '''website''' (alternatively, '''web site''' or '''Web site''', a back-construction from the [[proper noun]] [[World Wide Web]]) is a collection of [[Web page]]s, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or more [[web server]]s, usually accessible via the [[Internet]]. A Web page is a document, typically written in [[HTML]], that is almost always accessible via [[HTTP]], a protocol that transfers information from the [[Web server]] to display in the user's [[Web browser]]. All publicly accessible websites are seen collectively as constituting the "[[World Wide Web]]". The pages of websites can usually be accessed from a common root [[Uniform Resource Locator|URL]] called the [[homepage]], and usually reside on the same physical server. The URLs of the pages organize them into a hierarchy, although the [[hyperlink]]s between them control how the reader perceives the [[site map|overall structure]] and how the [[Web traffic|traffic]] flows between the different parts of the sites. Some websites require a [[subscription]] to access some or all of their content. Examples of subscription sites include many [[business]] sites, parts of many [[news]] sites, [[academic journal]] sites, gaming sites, [[Internet forum|message boards]], Web-based [[e-mail]], services, [[social networking]] websites, and sites providing real-time [[stock market]] data. ==History== The first online website appeared in 1991.{{Fact | date=July 2008}} On [[30 April]] [[1993]], [[CERN]] announced that the World Wide Web would be free to anyone.<ref name='w3c'> {{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/History.html |title=A Little History of the World Wide Web |accessdate=2007-02-16 |last=Cailliau |first=Robert }}</ref> ==Overview== Organized by function a website may be * a [[personal website]] * a [[Commercial website#Websites as businesses|commercial website]] * a [[e-Government|government website]] * a [[non-profit organization]] website It could be the work of an individual, a business or other organization and is typically dedicated to some particular topic or purpose. Any website can contain a [[hyperlink]] to any other website, so the distinction between individual sites, as perceived by the user, may sometimes be blurred. Websites are written in, or dynamically converted to, [[HTML]] (Hyper Text Markup Language) and are accessed using a [[software]] interface classified as an [[user agent]]. Web pages can be viewed or otherwise accessed from a range of computer-based and Internet-enabled devices of various sizes, including [[Personal computer|desktop computers]], [[Laptop|laptop computers]], [[Personal Digital Assistant|PDA]]s and [[Mobile phone|cell phones]]. A website is [[Web hosting service|hosted]] on a [[computer system]] known as a [[web server]], also called an HTTP server, and these terms can also refer to the [[software]] that runs on these system and that retrieves and delivers the Web pages in response to requests from the website users. [[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]] is the most commonly used Web server software (according to [[Netcraft]] statistics) and [[Microsoft]]'s [[Internet Information Server]] (IIS) is also commonly used. ===Website styles=== A '''static''' website is one that has web pages stored on the server in the same form as the user will view them. They are edited using three broad categories of software: *[[Text editor]]s. such as [[Notepad]] or [[TextEdit]], where the HTML is manipulated directly within the editor program *[[WYSIWYG]] editors. such as [[Microsoft FrontPage]] and [[Adobe Dreamweaver]] (previously Macromedia Dreamweaver), where the site is edited using a [[GUI]] interface and the underlying HTML is generated automatically by the editor software *Template-based editors, such as [[Rapidweaver]] and [[iWeb]], which allow users to quickly create and upload websites to a web server without having to know anything about HTML, as they just pick a suitable template from a palette and add pictures and text to it in a [[Desktop publishing|DTP]]-like fashion without ever having to see any [[Character encodings in HTML|HTML code]]. A '''dynamic''' website is one that has frequently changing information or collates information on the hop each time a page is requested. For example, it would call various bits of information from a database and put them together in a pre-defined format to present the reader with a coherent page. It interacts with users in a variety of ways including by reading [[HTTP cookies|cookies]] recognizing users' previous history, session variables, server side variables etc., or by using direct interaction (form elements, [[mouseover]]s, etc.). A site can display the current state of a dialogue between users, monitor a changing situation, or provide information in some way personalized to the requirements of the individual user. Some countries, for example the U.K. have introduced legislation regarding [[web accessibility]] [http://www.css-design.co.uk/bulletin.htm ]. ===Software systems=== There is a wide range of software systems, such as [[Java Server Pages]] (JSP), the [[PHP]] and [[Perl]] [[programming languages]], [[Active Server Pages]] (ASP) and [[ColdFusion]] (CFM) that are available to generate dynamic Web systems and dynamic sites. Sites may also include content that is retrieved from one or more [[database]]s or by using [[XML]]-based technologies such as [[RSS (file format)|RSS]]. Static content may also be dynamically generated either periodically, or if certain conditions for regeneration occur (cached) in order to avoid the performance loss of initiating the dynamic engine on a per-user or per-connection basis. [[Plugin]]s are available to expand the features and abilities of Web browsers, which use them to show ''active content,'' such as [[Macromedia Flash|Flash]], [[Macromedia Shockwave|Shockwave]] or [[applet]]s written in [[Java (programming language)|Java]]. [[Dynamic HTML]] also provides for user interactivity and realtime element updating within Web pages (i.e., pages don't have to be loaded or reloaded to effect any changes), mainly using the [[Document Object Model|DOM]] and [[JavaScript]], support which is built-in to most modern Web browsers. website Turning a website into an income source is a common practice for web-developers and website owners. There are several methods for creating a website business which fall into two broad categories, as defined below. '''1. Content based sites''' Some websites derive revenue by selling advertising space on the site (see [[Contextual advertising|contextual ads]]). '''2. Product or service based sites''' Some websites derive revenue by offering products or services. In the case of [[e-commerce]] websites, the products or services may be purchased at the website itself, by entering credit card or other payment information into a payment form on the site. While most business websites serve as a shop window for existing [[Bricks and mortar business|brick and mortar]] businesses, it is increasingly the case that some websites are businesses in their own right; that is, the products they offer are only available for purchase on the web. Guides have been published which explain how to create a variety of types of websites including those in both the above categories. See the links at the bottom of this page. Websites occasionally derive income from a combination of these two practices. For example, a website such as an online auctions website may charge the users of its auction service to list an auction, but also display third-party advertisements on the site, from which it derives further income. == Spelling == As noted above, there are several different spellings for this term. Although "website" and "web site" are commonly used (the former especially in [[British English]]), the [[Associated Press Stylebook]], [[Reuters]], [[Microsoft]], academia, [[Publishing|book publishing]], ''[[The Chicago Manual of Style]]'', and dictionaries such as [[Merriam-Webster]] use the two-word, initially capitalized spelling ''Web site''. This is because "Web" is not a general term but a shortened form of ''World Wide Web''. As with many newly created terms, it may take some time before a common spelling is finalized. (This controversy also applies to derivative terms such as "Web master"/"webmaster" and "Web cam"/"webcam"). The [[Canadian Oxford Dictionary]] and the Canadian Press Stylebook list "website" and "web page" as the preferred spellings. The [[Oxford English Dictionary]] began using "website" as its standardized form in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.askoxford.com/asktheexperts/faq/usage/website?view=uk |title=AskOxford: How should the term ''website'' be written in official documents and on the web? |accessdate=2007-02-23 |format= |work=Oxford Dictionaries Online }}</ref> [[Bill Walsh (author)|Bill Walsh]], the copy chief of ''The Washington Post's'' national desk, and one of American English’s foremost grammarians, argues for the two-word spelling with capital W in his books ''Lapsing into a Comma'' and ''The Elephants of Style'', and on his site, the Slot.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theslot.com/email.html |title=The Slot—Sharp Points: Here We Go Again—Eeee! |access date=2007-02-25 |format= |work= }}</ref> == Types of websites == There are many varieties of Web sites, each specializing in a particular type of content or use, and they may be arbitrarily classified in any number of ways. A few such classifications might include:{{Or|date=September 2007}} *[[Affiliate]]: enabled [[Web portal|portal]] that renders not only its custom [[Content management system|CMS]] but also syndicated content from other content providers for an agreed fee. There are usually three relationship tiers. [[Affiliate marketing|Affiliate Agencies]] (e.g., [[Commission Junction]]), [[Advertisers]] (e.g., [[Ebay]]) and consumer (e.g., [[Yahoo]]). *[[Archive site]]: used to preserve valuable electronic content threatened with extinction. Two examples are: [[Internet Archive]], which since [[1996]] has preserved billions of old (and new) Web pages; and [[Google Groups]], which in early [[2005]] was archiving over 845,000,000 messages posted to [[Usenet]] news/discussion groups. *[[Blog]] (or '''web log''') site: sites generally used to post online diaries which may include discussion forums (e.g., [[blogger.com|blogger]], [[Xanga]]). *[[Content]] site: sites whose business is the creation and distribution of original content (e.g., [[slate.com|Slate]], [[About.com]]). *[[Corporate website]]: used to provide background information about a [[business]], organization, or service. *[[Electronic commerce|Commerce site]] (or eCommerce site): for purchasing goods, such as [[Amazon.com]], [[CSN Stores]], and [[Overstock.com]]. *[[Community site]]: a site where persons with similar interests communicate with each other, usually by [[chat]] or message boards, such as [[MySpace]]. *[[Database]] site: a site whose main use is the search and display of a specific database's content such as the [[Internet Movie Database]] or the [[Political Graveyard]]. *Development site: a site whose purpose is to provide information and resources related to [[software engineering|software development]], [[Web design]] and the like. *[[directory (databases)|Directory]] site: a site that contains varied contents which are divided into categories and subcategories, such as [[Yahoo!]] directory, [[Google]] directory and [[Open Directory Project]]. *Download site: strictly used for [[downloading]] electronic content, such as software, [[game demo]]s or [[computer wallpaper]]. *[[Employment site]]: allows [[employers]] to post job requirements for a position or positions and prospective employees to fill an application. *[[Fan site]]: A web site created and maintained by fans of and for a particular celebrity, as opposed to a web site created, maintained, and controlled by a celebrity through their own paid [[webmaster]].May also be known as a Shrine in the case of certain subjects, such as anime, and manga characters. *[[Online game|Game site]]: a site that is itself a game or "playground" where many people come to play (e.g. [[MSN]] Games and [[Pogo.com]]). *[[Geodomain]] refers to [[Domain name system|domain names]] that are the same as those of geographic entities, such as cities and countries. For example, Richmond.com is the geodomain for [[Richmond, Virginia]]. *[[Gripe site]]: a site devoted to the critique of a person, place, corporation, government, or institution. *[[Humor site]]: satirizes, parodies or otherwise exists solely to amuse. *Information site: contains content that is intended to inform visitors, but not necessarily for commercial purposes, such as: [[RateMyProfessors.com]], Free Internet Lexicon and Encyclopedia. Most government, educational and non-profit institutions have an informational site. *[[Java applet]] site: contains software to run over the Web as a [[Web application]]. *[[Mirror (computing)]] site: A complete reproduction of a website. *[[News site]]: similar to an information site, but dedicated to dispensing news and commentary. *[[Personal homepage]]: run by an individual or a small group (such as a [[family]]) that contains information or any content that the individual wishes to include. *Phish site: a website created to fraudulently acquire [[Information sensitivity|sensitive information]], such as passwords and [[credit card]] details, by masquerading as a trustworthy person or business (such as [[Social Security Administration]], [[PayPal]]) in an [[Telecommunication|electronic communication]] (see [[Phishing]]). *Political site: A site on which people may voice political views. *[[Psychic site]]: A site on which people seek psychic readings or information on psychic ability in general. *[[Rating site]]: A site on which people can praise or disparage what is featured. *[[Review site]]: A site on which people can post reviews for products or services. *[[School Websites|School site]]: a site on which teachers or administrators can post information about current events at or involving their school. *[[Web search engine|Search engine]] site: a site that provides general information and is intended as a gateway or lookup for other sites. A pure example is [[Google]], and the most widely known extended type is [[Yahoo!]]. *[[Shock site]]: includes [[image]]s or other material that is intended to be offensive to most viewers (e.g. [[rotten.com]]). *[[Warez]]: a site designed to host and let users download copyrighted materials illegally. *[[Web portal]]: a site that provides a starting point or a gateway to other resources on the Internet or an intranet. *[[Wiki]] site: a site which users collaboratively edit (such as [[Wikipedia]]). Some websites may be included in one or more of these categories. For example, a business website may promote the business's products, but may also host informative documents, such as [[white paper]]s. There are also numerous sub-categories to the ones listed above. For example, a [[porn]] site is a specific type of eCommerce site or business site (that is, it is trying to sell memberships for access to its site). A [[fan site]] may be a dedication from the owner to a particular [[celebrity]]. Websites are constrained by architectural limits (e.g., the computing power dedicated to the website). Very large websites, such as [[Yahoo!]], [[Microsoft]], and [[Google]] employ many servers and [[load balancing (computing)|load balancing]] equipment such as [[Cisco Systems|Cisco]] Content Services [[Network switch|Switches]] to distribute visitor loads over multiple computers at multiple locations. In January of 2007, [[Netcraft]], an [[Internet monitoring]] company that has tracked Web growth since 1995, reported that there were 106,875,138 Web sites with domain names and content on them in 2007, compared to just 18,000 Web sites in [[August 1995]]. ==Prizes== The [[Webby Awards]] are a set of awards presented to the world's "best" websites, a concept pioneered by [[Best of the Web Directory|Best of the Web]] in 1994. ==See also== <div style="-moz-column-count:4; column-count:4;"> *[[Adobe Dreamweaver]] *[[Cyberspace]] *[[Downtime]] *[[Dynamic web page]] *[[Extranet|Extranet website]] *[[Intranet|Intranet website]] *[[List of content management systems]] *[[List of websites]] *[[Microsoft FrontPage]] *[[IBM Rational Application Developer|Rational (WebSphere) Application Developer]] *[[Rating sites]] *[[Real user monitoring]] *[[Search Engine Optimization]] *[[Semantic publishing]] *[[Spyware]] *[[Staging site]] *[[Template engine]] *[[Tim Berners-Lee]], the inventor of the [[World Wide Web]] *[[Uptime]] *[[Web design]] *[[Website Design Process Steps]] *[[Web development]] *[[Web analytics]] *[[Web application]] *[[Web content management]] *[[Web hosting]] *[[Website awards]] *[[Website monitoring]] *[[Website architecture]] *[[Web Services Security]] *[[Web service]] *[[Website templates]] *[[Webmaster]] *[[World Wide Web Consortium]] (Web standards) </div> ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.icann.org/ Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)] *[http://www.w3.org/ World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)] *[http://www.isoc.org/ The Internet Society (ISOC)] <!-- Do not place advertisements here. 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