White-crowned Sparrow
338747
223358838
2008-07-03T19:01:22Z
Luckas-bot
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robot Adding: [[hu:Koronás verébsármány]]
{{Taxobox
| name = White-crowned Sparrow
| status = LC
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN2006|assessors=[[BirdLife International]]|year=2004|id=53552|title=Zonotrichia leucophrys|downloaded=12 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern</ref>
| image = White-crowned-Sparrow.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[American sparrow|Emberizidae]]
| genus = ''[[Zonotrichia]]''
| species = '''''Z. leucophrys'''''
| binomial = ''Zonotrichia leucophrys''
| binomial_authority = ([[Johann Reinhold Forster|Forster]], 1772)
}}
The '''White-crowned Sparrow''' (''Zonotrichia leucophrys'') is a medium-sized [[American sparrow|sparrow]] native to [[North America]].
==Appearance==
Adults are {{convert|18|cm|in|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} long and have black and white stripes on their head, a grey face, brown streaked upper parts and a long tail. The wings are brown with bars and the underparts are grey. Their bill is pink or yellow. They are similar in appearance to the [[White-throated Sparrow]] but do not have the white throat markings.
==Breeding==
Their breeding habitat is brushy areas across northern [[Canada]] and the western [[United States]]. They nest either low in bushes or on the ground under shrubs and lay 3-5 brown-marked grey or greenish-blue eggs.
==Subspecies==
There are five currently recognized subspecies of white-crowned sparrow (''pugetensis'', ''gambelii'', ''nuttalli'', ''oriantha'', and ''leucophrys''), varying in migratory behaviour and breeding habitat. The Nuttall's subspecies are permanent residents in [[California]], while the Gambel's subspecies may migrate as far as the [[Arctic Circle]] during the summer breeding season. Northern birds [[bird migration|migrate]] to the [[southern United States]].
==Vagrancy==
White-crowned Sparrow is a very rare [[vagrancy (biology)|vagrant]] to [[western Europe]]. One was present in [[County Cork]], [[Ireland]] in May 2003.<ref>Hussey, Harry (2003) The White-crowned Sparrow in County Cork. ''[[Birding World]]'' 16(5): 203-5</ref> Another was found in [[Norfolk]], [[England]] in January 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/7179001.stm|title=Rare bird found in coastal garden|accessdate=2008-01-09|date=2008-01-09|publisher=BBC News Website}}</ref>
==Behavior==
These birds forage on the ground or in low vegetation, but sometimes make short flights to catch flying [[insect]]s. They mainly eat [[seed]]s, other plant parts and insects. In winter, they often forage in flocks.
The song of the White-crowned Sparrow has been much studied because of its many dialects, but the ''pugetensis'' subspecies sounds similar to "You can't come and catch me!" {{Fact|date=January 2008}}
==Images==
<gallery>
Image:White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys; nuttalli) Morro Bay, CA 29j (2232004154).jpg
Image:Zonotrichia leucophrys1.jpg|Adult White-crowned Sparrow
Image:Zonotrichia_leucophrys_30943.JPG|The juvenile (first winter) plumage is more muted than the adult
</gallery>
{| class=wikitable width=520px
|-
|[[Image:Bird_on_a_wire_p1060660.jpg|210x210px]]<br>A ''nuttalli'' subspecies specimen from<br>[[Point Lobos State Reserve]], [[California]]
|[[Image:Zonotrichia-leucophrys-profile.jpg|280x280px]]
|}
==References==<!-- WilsonBull18:47 (compare to current Ohio checklist http://www.ohiobirds.org/publications/OBRClist.pdf) -->
{{reflist}}
* Byers, Olsson and Curson, ''Buntings and Sparrows'' ISBN 1-873403-19-4
==External links==
{{Commons|Zonotrichia leucophrys|White-crowned Sparrow}}
* [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/White-crowned_Sparrow.html White-crowned Sparrow Species Account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
* [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i5540id.html White-crowned Sparrow - <i>Zonotrichia leucophrys</i>] - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
* [http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/white_crowned_sparrow_info.htm White-crowned Sparrow Information and Photos] - South Dakota Birds and Birding
*[http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=9612 White-crowned Sparrow videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
*[http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=white-crowned+sparrow&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 White-crowned Sparrow photo gallery] VIREO
==Further reading==
<div class="reflist4" style="height: 220px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px" >
===Books===
* Chilton, G., M. C. Baker, C. D. Barrentine, and M. A. Cunningham. 1995. ''White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys)''. In ''The Birds of North America'', No. 183 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.
* Kroodsma DE, Baker MC, Baptista LF & Petrinovich L. (1985). ''Vocal "dialects" in Nuttall's white-crowned sparrow''. In ''Johnston, R F [Editor] Current Ornithology 103-133, 1985''. Plenum Press, 233 Spring Street, New York, New York.
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===Thesis===
* Banks RC. Ph.D. (1962). ''GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF THE WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW, ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS''. University of California, Berkeley, United States -- California.
* Baptista LF. Ph.D. (1972). ''DEMES, DISPERSION AND SONG DIALECTS OF SEDENTARY POPULATIONS OF THE WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW (ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS NUTTALLI)''. University of California, Berkeley, United States -- California.
* Blanchard BD. Ph.D. (1939). ''ENVIRONMENT AND ANNUAL CYCLE IN THE WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS (ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS) OF THE PACIFIC SEABOARD''. University of California, Berkeley, United States -- California.
* Chilton GD. Ph.D. (1993). ''Song dialects and mate choice by white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys''. University of Calgary (Canada), Canada.
* Dobson CW. Ph.D. (1973). ''BEHAVIOR OF THE WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW (ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS NUTTALLI) IN A SONG-REINFORCED LABORATORY OPERANT TASK''. University of California, Riverside, United States -- California.
* Fugle GN. Ph.D. (1983). ''BEHAVIORAL DOMINANCE IN WINTERING WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS, ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS GAMBELII: ITS CORRELATES AND CONSEQUENCES''. University of California, Santa Barbara, United States -- California.
* MacDougall-Shackleton EA. Ph.D. (2000). ''Song dialects, mate choice and population structure in mountain white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha)''. Princeton University, United States -- New Jersey.
* Norment CJ. Ph.D. (1992). ''The comparative breeding ecology of the Harris' sparrow (Zonotrichia querula) and white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) in the Northwest Territories, Canada''. University of Kansas, United States -- Kansas.
* Patterson TL. Ph.D. (1977). ''THE WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW (ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS NUTTALLI): REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS, ECOLOGY AND TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR''. University of California, Riverside, United States -- California.
* Ross AE. Ph.D. (1985). ''SOCIAL DOMINANCE HIERARCHIES IN CAPTIVE GROUPS OF WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS, ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS LEUCOPHRYS (STATUS DETERMINANTS, STATUS SIGNAL, AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR, INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION, DIFFERENTIAL DISTRIBUTION)''. Clemson University, United States -- South Carolina.
===Articles===
* Agatsuma R & Ramenofsky M. (2006). ''Migratory behaviour of captive white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, differs during autumn and spring migration''. Behaviour. vol '''143''', no Part 10. p. 1219-1240.
* Baker MC, Cunningham MA & Thompson ADJ. (1984). ''Cultural and Genetic Differentiation of 2 Subspecies of White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys''. Condor. vol '''86''', no 4. p. 359-367.
* Baker MC, Mewaldt LR & Stewart RM. (1981). ''Demography of White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli''. Ecology. vol '''62''', no 3. p. 636-644.
* Baker MC, Spitler-Nabors KJ & Bradley DC. (1981). ''Early Experience Determines Song Dialect Responsiveness of Female Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys''. Science. vol '''214''', no 4522. p. 819-821.
* Baker MC & Thompson DB. (1985). ''Song Dialects of White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli Historical Processes Inferred from Patterns of Geographic Variation''. Condor. vol '''87''', no 1. p. 127-141.
* Baker MC, Thompson DB & Sherman GL. (1981). ''Neighbor Stranger Song Discrimination in White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli''. Condor. vol '''83''', no 3. p. 265-267.
* Baptista LF. (1985). ''The Functional Significance of Song Sharing in the White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys''. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol '''63''', no 8. p. 1741-1752.
* Baptista LF. (1999). ''Field and laboratory studies of the biology of the White-crowned Sparrow''. Poultry & Avian Biology Reviews. vol '''10''', no 2. p. 101-107.
* Baptista LF, Bell DA & Trail PW. (1993). ''Song learning and production in the white-crowned sparrow: Parallels with sexual imprinting''. Netherlands Journal of Zoology. vol '''43''', no 1-2. p. 17-33.
* Baptista LF & Catchpole CK. (1989). ''Vocal Mimicry and Interspecific Aggression in Songbirds Experiments Using White-Crowned Sparrow Imitation of Song Sparrow Song''. Behaviour. vol '''109''', no 3-4. p. 247-257.
* Baptista LF & King JR. (1980). ''Geographical Variation in Song and Song Dialects of Montane White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Oriantha''. Condor. vol '''82''', no 3. p. 267-284.
* Baptista LF & Morton ML. (1981). ''Interspecific Song Acquisition by a White-Crowned Sparrow''. Auk. vol '''98''', no 2. p. 383-385.
* Baptista LF & Morton ML. (1982). ''Song Dialects and Mate Selection in Montane White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Oriantha''. Auk. vol '''99''', no 3. p. 537-547.
* Baptista LF & Petrinovich L. (1984). ''Social Interaction Sensitive Phases and the Song Template Hypothesis in the White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''32''', no 1. p. 172-181.
* Baptista LF & Petrinovich L. (1986). ''Egg Production in Hand-Raised White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys''. Condor. vol '''88''', no 3. p. 379-380.
* Baptista LF & Petrinovich L. (1986). ''Song Development in the White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys Social Factors and Sex Differences''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''34''', no 5. p. 1359-1371.
* Barrentine CD & McClure HE. (1993). ''White-crowned Sparrow shifts winter home range north''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '''64''', no 4. p. 470-471.
* Broad RA & Hawley RG. (1980). ''White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys New-Record to Britain Uk and Ireland''. British Birds. vol '''73''', no 10. p. 466-470.
* Caraco T. (1982). ''Aspects of Risk Aversion in Foraging White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''30''', no 3. p. 719-727.
* Chilton G. (2003). ''Cultural evolution and song stereotypy in an isolated population of Montane white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha)''. Bird Behavior. vol '''15''', no 2. p. 53-63.
* Chilton G & Galloway TD. (1995). ''Fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) from nests of white-crowned sparrows Zonotrichia leucophrys) in southwestern Alberta, Canada''. Canadian Entomologist. vol '''127''', no 3. p. 443-444.
* Chilton G & Lein MR. (1996). ''Song repertoires of Puget Sound white-crowned sparrows Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis''. Journal of Avian Biology. vol '''27''', no 1. p. 31-40.
* Corbin KW & Wilkie PJ. (1988). ''Genetic Similarities between Subspecies of the White-Crowned Sparrow''. Condor. vol '''90''', no 3. p. 637-647.
* Cunningham MA. (1986). ''Dispersal in White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli a Computer Simulation of the Effect of Study-Area Size on Estimates of Local Recruitment''. Auk. vol '''103''', no 1. p. 79-85.
* Cunningham MA, Baker MC & Boardman TJ. (1987). ''Microgeographic Song Variation in the Nuttall's White-Crowned Sparrow''. Condor. vol '''89''', no 2. p. 261-275.
* Desante DF & Baptista LF. (1989). ''Factors Affecting the Termination of Breeding in Nuttall's White-Crowned Sparrow''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''101''', no 1. p. 120-124.
* Fugle GN & Rothstein SI. (1985). ''Age-Related and Sex-Related Variation in Size and Crown Plumage Brightness in Wintering White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '''56''', no 4. p. 356-368.
* Fugle GN, Rothstein SI, Osenberg CW & McGinley MA. (1984). ''Signals of Status in Wintering White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Gambelii''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''32''', no 1. p. 86-93.
* Gotmark F. (1993). ''An experimental study of the importance of plumage coloration in breeding males of the white-crowned sparrow''. Ornis Scandinavica. vol '''24''', no 2. p. 149-154.
* Hafner DJ & Petersen KE. (1985). ''Song Dialects and Gene Flow in the White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli''. Evolution. vol '''39''', no 3. p. 687-694.
* Hahn TP & Morton ML. (1995). ''Repetitive altitudinal migrations before breeding by mountain white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha''. American Zoologist. vol '''35''', no 5.
* Hahn TP, Sockman KW, Breuner CW & Morton ML. (2004). ''Facultative altitudinal movements by Mountain White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) in the Sierra Nevada''. Auk. vol '''121''', no 4. p. 1269-1281.
* Harbison H, Nelson DA & Hahn TP. (1999). ''Long-term persistence of song dialects in the Mountain White-Crowned Sparrow''. Condor. vol '''101''', no 1. p. 133-148.
* Heinemann D. (1981). ''Song Dialects Migration and Population Structure of Puget Sound White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Pugetensis''. Auk. vol '''98''', no 3. p. 512-521.
* Hill BG & Lein MR. (1985). ''The Non-Song Vocal Repertoire of the White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys''. Condor. vol '''87''', no 3. p. 327-335.
* James DK, Petrinovich L, Patterson TL & James AH. (1983). ''Predation of White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli Nestlings by the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake Thamnophis-Elegans in San-Francisco California USA''. Copeia. vol '''2''', p. 511-513.
* Kern MD. (1984). ''Racial Differences in Nests of White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Leucophrys''. Condor. vol '''86''', no 4. p. 455-466.
* King JR. (1986). ''The Daily Activity Period of Nesting White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys in Continuous Daylight at 65 Degrees North Compared with Activity Period at Lower Latitudes''. Condor. vol '''88''', no 3. p. 382-384.
* King JR & Hubbard JD. (1981). ''Comparative Patterns of Nestling Growth in White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys''. Condor. vol '''83''', no 4. p. 362-369.
* Lein MR & Corbin KW. (1990). ''Song and Plumage Phenotypes in a Contact Zone between Subspecies of the White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys''. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol '''68''', no 12. p. 2625-2629.
* Mead PS & Morton ML. (1985). ''Hatching Asynchrony in the Mountain White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Oriantha a Selected or Incidental Trait?''. Auk. vol '''102''', no 4. p. 781-792.
* Morton ML. (1984). ''Sex and Age Ratios in Wintering White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Gambelii''. Condor. vol '''86''', no 1. p. 85-87.
* Morton ML. (1992). ''Control of postnuptial molt in the mountain white-crowned sparrow: A perspective from field data''. Ornis Scandinavica. vol '''23''', no 3. p. 322-327.
* Morton ML. (1992). ''Effects of Sex and Birth Date on Premigration Biology Migration Schedules Return Rates and Natal Dispersal in the Mountain White-Crowned Sparrow''. Condor. vol '''94''', no 1. p. 117-133.
* Morton ML. (1997). ''Natal and breeding dispersal in the mount white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia Leucophrys oriantha''. Ardea. vol '''85''', no 1. p. 145-154.
* Morton ML. (2002). ''The mountain white-crowned sparrow: Migration and reproduction at high altitude''. Studies in Avian Biology. vol '''24''', p. 1-236.
* Morton ML & Pereyra ME. (1987). ''Autumn Migration of Gambel's White-Crowned Sparrow through Tioga Pass California USA''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '''58''', no 1. p. 6-21.
* Morton ML, Pereyra ME, Crandall JD, MacDougall-Shackleton EA & Hahn TP. (2004). ''Reproductive effort and return rates in the Mountain White-crowned Sparrow''. Condor. vol '''106''', no 1. p. 131-138.
* Morton ML, Sockman KW & Peterson LE. (1993). ''Nest predation in the mountain white-crowned sparrow''. Condor. vol '''95''', no 1. p. 72-82.
* Nelson DA. (1998). ''Geographic variation in song of Gambel's white-crowned sparrow''. Behaviour. vol '''135''', no 3. p. 321-342.
* Nelson DA. (1999). ''Ecological influences on vocal development in the white-crowned sparrow''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''58''', no 1. p. 21-36.
* Nelson DA. (2000). ''Song overproduction, selective attrition and song dialects in the white-crowned sparrow''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''60''', no 6. p. 887-898.
* Nelson DA, Hallberg KI & Soha JA. (2004). ''Cultural evolution of Puget Sound white-crowned sparrow song dialects''. Ethology. vol '''110''', no 11. p. 879-908.
* Nelson DA & Soha JA. (2004). ''Perception of geographical variation in song by male Puget Sound white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''68''', no Part 2. p. 395-405.
* Norment CJ & Fuller ME. (1997). ''Breeding-season frugivory by Harris sparrows (Zonotrichia querula) and white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) in a low-arctic ecosystem''. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol '''75''', no 5. p. 670-679.
* Oppenheimer SD, Pereyra ME & Morton ML. (1996). ''Egg laying in dusky flycatchers and white-crowned sparrow''. Condor. vol '''98''', no 2. p. 428-430.
* Paletz EM, Thalasinos MN, Suk JM, Obermeyer WH & Benca RM. (2006). ''Impulsive responding in the migrating White-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)''. Sleep. p. S) A35-A36, 2006.
* Parsons J & Baptista LF. (1980). ''Crown Color and Dominance in the White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Gambelii''. Auk. vol '''97''', no 4. p. 807-815.
* Petrinovich L. (1985). ''Factors Influencing Song Development in the White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys''. Journal of Comparative Psychology. vol '''99''', no 1. p. 15-29.
* Petrinovich L. (1988). ''Individual Stability Local Variability and the Cultural Transmission of Song in White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli''. Behaviour. vol '''107''', no 3-4. p. 208-240.
* Petrinovich L & Baptista LF. (1984). ''Song Dialects Mate Selection and Breeding Success in White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''32''', no 4. p. 1078-1088.
* Petrinovich L & Patterson TL. (1981). ''The Responses of White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli to Songs of Different Dialects and Subspecies''. Zeitschrift fuer Tierpsychologie. vol '''57''', no 1. p. 1-14.
* Petrinovich L & Patterson TL. (1982). ''The White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli Stability Recruitment and Population Structure in the Nuttall Subspecies 1975-1980''. Auk. vol '''99''', no 1. p. 1-14.
* Petrinovich L & Patterson TL. (1983). ''The White-Crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli Reproductive Success 1975-1980''. Auk. vol '''100''', no 4. p. 811-825.
* Pleszcynska W. (1980). ''Interspecific and Intraspecific Song Discrimination by Zonotrichia-Albicollis and Zonotrichia-Leucophrys''. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol '''58''', no 8. p. 1433-1438.
* Rattenborg NC, Mandt BH, Obermeyer WH, Winsauer PJ, Huber R, Wikelski M & Benca RM. (2004). ''Migratory sleeplessness in the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)''. PLoS Biology. vol '''2''', no 7. p. 924-936.
* Ross AE. (1982). ''Behavioral Dominance in White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Leucophrys''. American Zoologist. vol '''22''', no 4.
* Ross AE. (1983). ''Behavioral Dominance in White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Leucophrys''. American Zoologist. vol '''23''', no 4.
* Slabbekoorn H, Jesse A & Bell DA. (2003). ''Microgeographic song variation in island populations of the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys nutalli): Innovation through recombination''. Behaviour. vol '''140''', no 7. p. 947-963.
* Sockman KW & Hahn TP. (1996). ''Roost-site selection in the mountain white-crowned sparrow''. American Zoologist. vol '''36''', no 5.
* Soha JA & Marler P. (2000). ''A species-specific acoustic cue for selective song learning in the white-crowned sparrow''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''60''', no 3. p. 297-306.
* Soha JA & Marler P. (2001). ''Cues for early discrimination of conspecific song in the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys)''. Ethology. vol '''107''', no 9. p. 813-826.
* Tomback DF & Baker MC. (1984). ''Assortative Mating by White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli at Song Dialect Boundaries''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''32''', no 2. p. 465-469.
* Tomback DF, Thompson DB & Baker MC. (1983). ''Dialect Discrimination by White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli Reactions to near and Distant Dialects''. Auk. vol '''100''', no 2. p. 452-460.
* Trail PW & Baptista LF. (1993). ''The impact of brown-headed cowbird parasitism on populations of the Nuttall's white-crowned sparrow''. Conservation Biology. vol '''7''', no 2. p. 309-315.
* Trainer JM. (1983). ''Changes in Song Dialect Distributions and Micro Geographic Variation in Song of White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Nuttalli''. Auk. vol '''100''', no 3. p. 568-582.
* Valone TJ & Wheelbarger AJ. (1998). ''The effect of heterospecifics on the group-size effect in white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys)''. Bird Behavior. vol '''12''', no 3-4. p. 85-90.
* Weathers WW, Davidson CL & Morton ML. (2003). ''Energetics of altricial nestlings in cold climates: Insights from the Mountain White-crowned Sparrow''. Condor. vol '''105''', no 4. p. 707-718.
* Webb R & King JR. (1984). ''Nests and Microclimates of the White-Crowned Sparrow a Thermal Analysis on a Geographic Gradient''. American Zoologist. vol '''24''', no 3.
* Zerba E & Morton ML. (1983). ''Dynamics of Incubation in Mountain White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Oriantha''. Condor. vol '''85''', no 1. p. 1-11.
* Zerba E & Morton ML. (1983). ''The Rhythm of Incubation from Egg Laying to Hatching in Mountain White-Crowned Sparrows Zonotrichia-Leucophrys-Oriantha''. Ornis Scandinavica. vol '''14''', no 3. p. 188-197.
-->
[[Category:Zonotrichia]]
[[Category:Birds of Canada|Sparrow, White-crowned]]
[[Category:Birds of the United States|Sparrow, White-crowned]]
[[Category:Native birds of Alaska|Sparrow, White-crowned]]
[[Category:Birds of Mexico|Sparrow, White-crowned]]
[[Category:Birds of Baja Peninsula Mexico|Sparrow, White-crowned]]
[[Category:North American migratory birds|Sparrow, White-crowned]]
[[de:Dachsammer]]
[[fr:Bruant à couronne blanche]]
[[hu:Koronás verébsármány]]
[[ja:ミヤマシトド]]
[[pl:Pasówka białobrewa]]
[[zh:白冠帶鵐]]