Winnipeg
100730
226172954
2008-07-17T04:03:46Z
Mzajac
61482
/* Transportation */ “Winnipeg Transit” didn't really exist in 1891
{{other}}
<!-- Infobox begins -->
{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = City of Winnipeg
|image_skyline = Winnipeg-Skyline-feb18-2008.jpg
|nickname = The Peg, Gateway to the West, Winterpeg
|motto = ''Unum Cum Virtute Multorum'' <br /><small>(One with the Strength of Many)</small>
|image_flag = Flag_of_Winnipeg.svg
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield = Winnipegcoa.gif
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_size =
|image_map = Winnipeg, Manitoba Location.png
|mapsize = 180px
|map_caption = Location of Winnipeg in [[Manitoba]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|image_dot_map =
|dot_mapsize =
|dot_map_caption =
|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_mapsize =
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Canada]] [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|25px]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Canada|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Manitoba]] [[Image:Flag of Manitoba.svg|25px]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of Canada|Region]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Winnipeg Capital Region, Manitoba|Winnipeg Capital Region]]
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =
|subdivision_type4 =
|subdivision_name4 =
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title = City Mayor
|leader_name = [[Sam Katz]]
|leader_title1 = Governing Body
|leader_name1 = [[Winnipeg City Council]]
|leader_title2 = [[Canadian House of Commons|MP]]s
|leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list
|title = List of MPs
|title_style =
|list_style =
|1=[[Bill Blaikie]]
|2=[[Rod Bruinooge]]
|3=[[Steven Fletcher]]
|4=[[Pat Martin]]
|5=[[Anita Neville]]
|6=[[Raymond Simard]]
|7=[[Joy Smith]]
|8=[[Judy Wasylycia-Leis]]
}}
|leader_title3 = [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba|MLA]]s
|leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list
|title = List of MLAs
|title_style =
|list_style =
|1=[[Nancy Allan]]
|2=[[Rob Altemeyer]]
|3=[[Sharon Blady]]
|4=[[Erna Braun]]
|5=[[Marilyn Brick]]
|6=[[David Chomiak]]
|7=[[Gary Doer]]
|8=[[Myrna Driedger]]
|9=[[Jon Gerrard]]
|10=[[George Hickes (politician)|George Hickes]]
|11=[[Jennifer Howard (Manitoba politician)|Jennifer Howard]]
|12=[[Kerri Irvin-Ross]]
|13=[[Bidhu Jha]]
|14=[[Bonnie Korzeniowski]]
|15=[[Kevin Lamoureux]]
|16=[[Gord Mackintosh]]
|17=[[Jim Maloway]]
|18=[[Flor Marcelino]]
|19=[[Doug Martindale]]
|20=[[Hugh McFadyen]]
|21=[[Diane McGifford]]
|22=[[Christine Melnick]]
|23=[[Bonnie Mitchelson]]
|24=[[Theresa Oswald]]
|25=[[Daryl Reid]]
|26=[[Jim Rondeau]]
|27=[[Mohinder Saran]]
|28=[[Erin Selby]]
|29=[[Greg Selinger]]
|30=[[Heather Stefanson]]
|31=[[Andy Swan]]
}}
|established_title = Established,
|established_date = 1738 (Fort Rouge)
|established_title2 = Renamed
|established_date2 = 1822 (Fort Garry)
|established_title3 = Incorporated
|established_date3 = 1873 (City of Winnipeg)
<!-- Area --------------------->
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 = 464.01
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 = 448.92
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 = 5302.98
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|area_blank1_title =
|area_blank1_km2 =
|area_blank1_sq_mi =
<!-- Population ----------------------->
|population_as_of = [[Canada 2006 Census|2006 Census]]<ref name="2006CensMuniPops"> {{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=301&S=3&O=D |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data |work=[[Statistics Canada]], 2006 Census of Population ||date=[[2007-03-13]] |accessdate=2007-03-13}}</ref><ref name="2006CensCSDPop">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=303&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=25&CMA=602
|title=Winnipeg Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) with census subdivision (municipal) population breakdowns |work=[[Statistics Canada]], 2006 Census of Population |date=[[2007-03-13]] |accessdate=2007-03-13}}</ref>
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 633451 ([[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population|Ranked 7th]])
|population_density_km2 = 1365
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro = 694668 ([[List of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada|Ranked 8th]])
|population_density_metro_km2 = 131
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban = 641483 ([[List of the 100 largest urban areas in Canada by population|Ranked 9th]])
|population_density_urban_km2 = 1429
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title =
|population_blank1 =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
<!-- General information --------------->
|timezone = [[Central Time Zone|CST]]
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = [[Central Daylight Time|CDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|latd=49 |latm=54 |lats= |latNS=N
|longd=97 |longm=08 |longs= |longEW=W
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m = 238
|elevation_ft =
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type = Postal code span
|postal_code = [[List of R Postal Codes of Canada|R2C–R3Y]]
|area_code = [[Area code 204|204]]
|blank_name = [[Demonym]]
|blank_info = Winnipegger
|blank1_name = [[National Topographic System|NTS]] Map
|blank1_info = 062H14
|blank2_name = [[Geographical Names Board of Canada|GNBC]] Code
|blank2_info = GBEIN
|website = [http://www.winnipeg.ca/interhom/ City of Winnipeg]
|footnotes =
}} <!-- Infobox ends -->
'''Winnipeg''' ({{pronEng|ˈwɪnɨpɛg}}) is the capital and largest city of [[Manitoba]], [[Canada]]. Located in the eastern prairie region of [[Western Canada]], it is often called the "Gateway to the [[Western Canada|West]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imperialoil.ca/canada-english/thisis/publications/2002q1/pages/winnies_statue.html|title =Winnipeg History |author = Imperial Oil website |accessdate=2007-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/HistoricalProfile.stm. |title = Winnipeg History |author = City of Winnipeg website |accessdate=2007-01-27}}</ref>
The city is located near the [[geographic]] centre of North America,<ref>[http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Geographic%20Centers] USGS Survey</ref> at the [[confluence (geography)|confluence]] of the historic [[Red River of the North|Red]] and [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]] Rivers, a point now commonly known as [[The Forks, Winnipeg, Manitoba|The Forks]]. It is presently a mixed-use public space and one of the city's most popular attractions.
Winnipeg lies in close proximity to hundreds of lakes, including [[Lake Winnipeg]] (the world's eleventh largest) as well as [[Lake Manitoba]] and the [[Lake of the Woods]]. Lake Winnipeg is the largest lake within the borders of southern Canada, and along the east side are some of the most pristine Canadian Shield rivers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-08.html |title= Lake Winnipeg |author= World Lake Database|accessdate=2007-01-05}}</ref>
The city is a cultural centre and is the home of the [[Royal Winnipeg Ballet]] and the [[Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra]]. It boasts historic [[architecture]]; scenic [[waterways]]; a heritage river; numerous [[parks]], including [[Assiniboine Park]]; and distinctive [[neighbourhoods]]. Winnipeg is home to the [[Hudson's Bay Company Archives]] and is in the area of the original settlements and farms in the west. Winnipeg has laid claim to the title of World's Longest Skating Rink, along the Red and Assiniboine rivers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/ottawa/story/2008/01/27/winnipeg-skating.html |title= Winnipeg Skating|author= CBC |accessdate=2008-02-03}}</ref>
== History ==
=== Before incorporation ===
Winnipeg lies at the confluence of the [[Assiniboine River]] and the [[Red River of the North|Red River]], known as [[The Forks, Winnipeg, Manitoba|The Forks]], a historic focal point on [[canoe]] river routes travelled by [[Aboriginal people in Canada|Aboriginal]] peoples for thousands of years. The name ''Winnipeg'' is a transcription of a western [[Cree]] word meaning "muddy waters"; the general area was popular for thousands of years by [[First Nations]]. In prehistory, through oral stories, archaeology, [[petroglyph]]s, rock art, and ancient artifacts, we know that natives would use the area for camps, hunting, fishing, trading, and further north, some agriculture. The rivers provided transportation far and wide and linked many peoples—such as the Cree, Ojibway, Mandan, Assiniboine, Sioux, Lakota, and others—for trade and knowledge sharing. Ancient [[mounds]] were once made near the waterways, similar to that of the [[mound builders]] of the south. Lake Winnipeg was considered to be an inland sea, with important river links to the mountains out west, the Great Lakes to the east, and the salt water ocean up north. The Red River linked ancient northern and southern peoples along the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. The first maps of some areas were made on birchbark scrolls by the Ojibway.
[[Image:UpperFortGarryEarly1870s.jpg|thumb|left|Upper Fort Garry in the early 1870s.]]
The first Europeans arrived in the area in 1738. [[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye|Sieur de la Vérendrye]] built the first fur trading post on the site ([[Fort Rouge (fortification)|Fort Rouge]]), which was ultimately abandoned;<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/mb/forks/natcul/contact_e.asp |title = Parks Canada |author = The Forks National Historic Site of Canada |accessdate=2007-01-05}}</ref> many other posts were built in the Red River region. [[Fort Gibraltar]] was built by the [[North West Company]] in 1809, and [[Fort Douglas (Canada)|Fort Douglas]] was built by the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] (HBC) in 1812. The two companies fought fiercely over trade in the area, and each destroyed some of the other's forts over the course of several battles. In 1821, the Hudson's Bay and North West Companies ended their long rivalry with a merger.
Fort Gibraltar, within the site of present-day Winnipeg, was renamed [[Fort Garry]] in 1822 and became the leading post in the region for the Hudson’s Bay Company. Fort Garry was destroyed in an 1826 flood and rebuilt in 1835. It played a small role in fur trading, but remained the residence of the Governor of the company for many years and became a part of the major first colony and settlement in western Canada.
[[Image:UpperFortGarry2007.jpg|thumb|right|Upper Fort Garry today.]]
In 1869–70, Winnipeg was the site of the [[Red River Rebellion]], a conflict between the local provisional government of [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]], led by [[Louis Riel]], and the newcomers from eastern Canada; General [[Wolseley]] was sent to put down the rebellion. This rebellion led directly to Manitoba's entry into the Confederation as Canada's fifth province in 1870, and on [[November 8]], [[1873]], Winnipeg was incorporated as a city. In 1876, three years after the city's incorporation, the [[post office]] officially adopted the name "Winnipeg."
=== Railway boomtown ===
The first locomotive in Winnipeg, the [[Countess of Dufferin]], arrived via steamboat in 1877. The [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] completed the first direct rail link from eastern Canada in 1881, opening the door to mass immigration and settlement of Winnipeg and the [[Canadian Prairies]]. The history of Winnipeg's rail heritage and the Countess of Dufferin may be seen at the [[Winnipeg Railway Museum]].
Winnipeg experienced a boom during the 1890s and the first two decades of the twentieth century, and the city's population grew from 25,000 in 1891 to more than 179,000 in 1921.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.uoguelph.ca/history/urban/mod10.html|title=U Guelph|author=U Guelph|accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref> As immigration increased during this period, Winnipeg took on its distinctive multicultural character. The [[Manitoba Legislative Building]] reflects the optimism of the boom years. Built mainly of [[Tyndall Stone]] and opened in 1920, its dome supports a bronze statue finished in gold leaf titled, "Eternal Youth and the Spirit of Enterprise" (commonly known as the "[[Golden Boy (Manitoba)|Golden Boy]]"). The [[Manitoba Legislature]] was built in the [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] style that is common to many other North American state and provincial legislative buildings of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Legislature, an irreplaceable building, was built to accommodate three million people, which was the expected population of Manitoba at the time.
Winnipeg faced financial difficulty when the [[Panama Canal]] opened in 1914. The canal reduced reliance on Canada's rail system for international trade, and the increase in ship traffic helped [[Vancouver]] surpass Winnipeg to become Canada's third-largest city in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planetware.com/canada/winnipeg-cdn-mb-mbwp.htm|title=Winnipeg, Manitoba|author=Planetware|accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref>
=== Winnipeg General Strike ===
{{main|Winnipeg General Strike}}
Following [[World War I]], owing to a postwar recession, appalling labour conditions, and the presence of radical union organizers and a large influx of returning soldiers, 35,000 Winnipeggers walked off the job in May 1919 in what came to be known as the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. After many arrests, deportations, and plenty of violence, the strike ended on June 21, 1919, when the [[Riot Act]] was read and a group of [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP) officers charged a group of strikers. Two strikers were killed and at least thirty others were injured, resulting in the day's being known as ''Bloody Saturday''; the lasting effect was a polarized population. One of the leaders of the strike, [[J.S. Woodsworth]], went on to found Canada's first major socialist party, the [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]] (CCF), which would later become the [[New Democratic Party]].
[[Image:WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg|thumb|left|Crowd gathered outside old City Hall during the Winnipeg General Strike, [[June 21]], [[1919]].]]
=== The Great Depression and World War II ===
The stock market crash of 1929 only hastened an already steep decline in Winnipeg; the [[Great Depression]] resulted in massive unemployment, which was worsened by [[drought]] and depressed agricultural prices.
The Depression ended when [[World War II]] broke out in 1939. Then, thousands of Canadians volunteered to join the armed forces. In Winnipeg, the old established armouries of Minto, Tuxedo (Fort Osborne), and McGregor were so crowded that the military had to take over other buildings to increase capacity.
Winnipeg played a large part in the [[British Commonwealth Air Training Plan]] (BCATP). The mandate of the BCATP was to train flight crews away from the battle zones in Europe. Pilots, navigators, bombardiers, wireless operators, air gunners, and flight engineers all passed through Winnipeg on their way to the various air schools across western Canada; Winnipeg served as a headquarters for Command No. 2.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://canadawiki.org/index.php/World_War_II | title= World War II | publisher= Canadawiki | accessdate=2007-05-16}}</ref>
=== After World War II and the 1950 flood ===
The end of World War II brought a new sense of optimism in Winnipeg. Pent-up demand brought a boom in housing development, but building activity came to a halt due to the [[1950 Red River Flood]], the largest flood to hit Winnipeg since 1861; the flood held waters above flood stage for 51 days. On [[May 8]], [[1950]], eight dikes collapsed, four of the city's eleven bridges were destroyed, and nearly 70,000 people had to be evacuated. Premier [[Douglas Lloyd Campbell|Douglas Campbell]] called for federal assistance, and Canadian Prime Minister [[Louis St. Laurent]] declared a state of emergency. Soldiers from the [[Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry]] regiment staffed the relief effort for the duration of the flood. The federal government estimated damages at over $26-million, although the province insisted it was at least double that.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-1558305/The-Manitoba-Royal-Commission-on.html | title= Manitoba Royal Commission | publisher= American Review of Canadian Studies | accessdate=2007-07-04}}</ref>
[[Image:Winnipeg1907.jpg|thumb|center|560px|<div align="center" style="border:none;">Winnipeg panorama, from 1907.</div>]]
To prevent future floods, the Red River Basin Investigation recommended a system of flood control measures, including multiple diking systems and a floodway to divert the [[Red River of the North|Red River]] around Winnipeg; this prompted construction of the [[Red River Floodway]] under Premier [[Dufferin Roblin]]. See also the Flood of the Century — [[1997 Red River Flood]], which was just as bad as the 1950 flood. The floodway was pushed to its limits in 1997, which led to the Red River Floodway Expansion, set to be completed in late 2010 at a final cost of more than $665,000,000 [[Canadian dollar|CAD]].
===Creation of Unicity to present===
Prior to 1972, Winnipeg was the largest of thirteen cities and towns in a metropolitan area around the Red and Assiniboine rivers. [[Unicity]] was created on [[July 27]], [[1971]] and took effect with the first elections in 1972. The [[City of Winnipeg Act]] incorporated the current city of Winnipeg; the municipalities of [[St. James-Assiniboia]], [[Saint Boniface, Manitoba|St. Boniface]], [[Transcona, Manitoba|Transcona]], [[St. Vital, Winnipeg, Manitoba|St. Vital]], [[West Kildonan]], [[East Kildonan, Manitoba|East Kildonan]], [[Tuxedo, Winnipeg, Manitoba|Tuxedo]], [[Old Kildonan]], [[North Kildonan]], [[Fort Garry, Winnipeg, Manitoba|Fort Garry]], and [[Charleswood, Winnipeg|Charleswood]] were amalgamated with the Old City of Winnipeg. An example of a city that has sort of adopted this would be Ottawa-Gatineau.
In 1979, the [[Eaton's]] catalogue building was converted into the first downtown mall in the city. It was called Eaton Place, but would change its name to [[Cityplace (Winnipeg)|Cityplace]] following the controversial demolition of the empty [[Eaton's#The Winnipeg store|Eaton's store]] in 2002.
Immediately following the [[1979 energy crisis]], Winnipeg experienced a severe economic downturn in advance of the [[early 1980s recession]]. Throughout the recession, the city incurred closures of prominent businesses such as the [[Winnipeg Tribune]] and the Swift's and [[Canada Packers]] meatpacking plants.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/hansard/2nd-36th/vol32a/h032a_3.html | title= Hansard | publisher= Manitoba Legislature | accessdate=2007-08-08}}</ref> In 1981, Winnipeg was one of the first cities in Canada to sign a tripartite agreement to redevelop its downtown area.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wd.gc.ca/298_ENG_ASP.asp | title= Urban Development Agreements | publisher= Western Economic Diversification Canada | accessdate=2008-04-29}}</ref> The three levels of government—federal, provincial and municipal—have contributed over $271-million to the development needs of downtown Winnipeg over the past 20 years. The funding was instrumental in attracting [[Portage Place]] mall, which comprises the headquarters of [[Investors Group]], the offices of [[Air Canada]], and several apartment complexes.
In 1989, the reclamation and redevelopment of the [[Canadian National Railway|CNR]] railyards at the mouth of the Red and Assiniboine rivers turned [[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]] into Winnipeg's most popular tourist attraction.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.theforks.com/26 | title= History | publisher= The Forks | accessdate=2009-05-03}}</ref>
In 1993, feeling that their community needs were not being fulfilled, the residents of [[Headingley, Manitoba|Headingley]] seceded from Winnipeg and officially became incorporated as a municipality.
===Political history===
{{See also|List of mayors of Winnipeg, Manitoba}}
The first elections for city government in Winnipeg were held shortly after the city was incorporated in 1873. On [[January 5]], [[1874]], [[Francis Evans Cornish]], former mayor of [[London, Ontario]], defeated ''[[Winnipeg Free Press]]'' editor and owner [[William F. Luxton]] by a margin of 383 votes to 179. There were only 382 eligible voters in the city at the time, but property owners were allowed to vote in every civic poll in which they owned property. Until 1955, mayors could only serve one term. City government consisted of 13 [[alderman|aldermen]] and one mayor; this number of elected officials remained constant until 1920.
The inaugural Council meeting took place on [[January 19]], [[1874]] on the second floor of Bentley's, a newly constructed building on the northwest corner of [[Portage and Main]].
Construction of a new City Hall commenced in 1875. The building proved to be a structural nightmare, and eventually had to be held up by props and beams. The building was eventually demolished so that a new City Hall could be built in 1883.
A new City Hall building was constructed in 1886. It was a "gingerbread" building, built in [[Victorian era|Victorian]] grandeur, and symbolized Winnipeg's coming of age at the end of the nineteenth century. The building stood for nearly 80 years. There was a plan to replace it around the [[World War I]] era (during the time the [[Manitoba Legislative Building|Manitoba Legislature]] was under construction), but the war delayed that process. In 1958, falling plaster almost hit visitors to the City Hall building. The tower eventually had to be removed, and in 1962, the whole building was torn down.
The [[Winnipeg City Council]] embraced the idea of a "Civic Centre" as a replacement for the old city hall. The concept originally called for an administrative building and a council building, with a courtyard in between. Eventually, a police headquarters and remand centre (the Public Safety Building) and parkade were added to the plans. The four buildings were completed in 1964 in the [[brutalist]] style, at a cost of $8.2-million. The Civic Centre and the [[Manitoba Centennial Centre]] were connected by underground tunnels in 1967.
== Law and government ==
{{main|Government of Winnipeg}}
===Municipal politics===
Since 1992, the city of Winnipeg is represented by 15 city councillors and a mayor elected every three years. The present mayor, [[Sam Katz]], was elected to office in 2004 and re-elected in 2006. Katz is Winnipeg's first [[Jew]]ish mayor.
The city is a single-tier municipality, governed by a [[Mayor-council government|mayor-council system]]. The structure of the municipal government is set out by the province of Manitoba in the City of Winnipeg Act. The mayor is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the [[Head of government|chief executive]] of the city. At Council meetings, the mayor has one of 16 votes. The City Council is a [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] legislative body, representing geographical [[Ward (politics)|wards]] throughout the city.
===Provincial politics===
Winnipeg is represented by 31 provincial Members of the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba|Legislative Assembly]] (MLAs)—25 of whom are members of the [[New Democratic Party of Manitoba|New Democratic Party]], four are members of the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba|Progressive Conservative Party]], and two are members of the [[Liberal Party of Manitoba|Liberal Party]]. In the [[Manitoba general election, 2007|provincial election]] in 2007, the NDP won two ridings from the Conservatives, rising from 23 to its present 25 seats in the city. All three leaders of the provincial parties represent Winnipeg in the legislature. Most Premiers of Manitoba are residents of Winnipeg.
===Federal politics===
Winnipeg is represented by eight [[Canadian House of Commons|Members of Parliament]]: three [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservatives]], three [[New Democratic Party|New Democrats]], and two [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberals]]. There are six [[Senate of Canada|Senators]] representing Manitoba in [[Ottawa]]. Only two list Winnipeg as the division they represent, although all of them were residents of Winnipeg when appointed to the Senate. The political affiliation in the Senate is three Liberals, two Conservatives, and one Independent.
=== Crime ===
In 2004, Winnipeg had the fourth-highest overall crime rate among Canadian [[Census Metropolitan Area]] cities listed, with 12,167 [[Criminal Code of Canada]] offences per 100,000 population; only [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]], [[Saskatoon]], and [[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]] had higher crime rates. Winnipeg had the highest rate among centres with populations greater than 500,000.<ref>[http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/050721/d050721a.htm Winnipeg Crime rate] - Statistics Canada</ref> The crime rate was 50% higher than that of [[Calgary]], and more than double the rate for [[Toronto]].
Statistics Canada shows that in 2005, Manitoba had the highest decline of overall crime in Canada, at nearly 8%. Winnipeg dropped from having the highest rate of murder per capita in the country; that distinction now belongs to [[Edmonton, Alberta|Edmonton]]. However, given the relatively small number of annual murders, even a small increase or decrease in the absolute numbers can translate into a large increase or decrease in the percentage rate. Manitoba did continue to lead all other provinces in auto thefts, almost all of it centred in Winnipeg.<ref>[http://www.statcan.ca:80/english/research/85-561-MIE/85-561-MIE2004004.htm Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Crime in Winnipeg] - Statistics Canada, Extracted November 29, 2005</ref>
To combat auto theft, [[Manitoba Public Insurance]] (MPI) established financial incentives for motor vehicle owners to install ignition [[immobilizer]]s in their vehicles, and now requires owners of high-risk vehicles to install them.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/manitoba/story/2006/08/23/mpi-used-immobilizers.html] CBC News, accessed 2007-10-03</ref>
Winnipeg is protected by the [[Winnipeg Police Service]], which has over 1350 members.
==Geography and climate==
{{main|Geography and climate of Winnipeg}}
{{See also|List of Winnipeg neighbourhoods}}
Winnipeg is situated just west of the longitudinal centre of Canada (near the geographical centre of North America), and approximately 100 kilometres (60 miles) north of the border with the [[United States]]. It is near the eastern edge of the Canadian Prairies, and about 70 kilometres (45 miles) south of Lake Winnipeg. It is situated in the [[floodplain]] of the [[Red River of the North|Red River]] and is surrounded by rich agricultural land. The soils are [[clay]]ey, with thick black surface horizons of high fertility.
Winnipeg has an extreme [[humid continental climate]] ([[Koppen climate classification]] ''Dfb''). Spring and autumn are highly variable seasons, and its winters are long and cold. As there are no nearby mountain ranges or bodies of water to ameliorate the wintertime climatic conditions, Winnipeg lies exposed to numerous weather systems, including cold Arctic high pressure systems. Winnipeg reaches temperatures of above 30°C more often than other Canadian cities such as [[Toronto]], [[Calgary]], [[Vancouver]], or [[Montreal]].<ref>Current Results.[http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Canada/hottest-cities.php"Hottest Canadians Cities"]. Retrieved on: [[December 31]], [[2007]].</ref> Winnipeg normally has temperatures below freezing from November to March, and temperatures above 20°C from mid-May to mid-September. According to [[Environment Canada]], Winnipeg is the coldest city in the world with a population of over 600,000.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/weather/winners/highlights-e.html | title=Weather Winners WebSite | publisher= Environment Canada | accessdate=2007-02-05}}</ref>
{{-}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;width:100%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;"
! colspan= "15" style="background: #6688AA; color: white;" | <big>Winnipeg Climatological Data</big>
|-
! colspan= "15" style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Temperature
|-
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" height="16" | Month
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jan
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Feb
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Mar
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Apr
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | May
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jun
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jul
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Aug
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Sep
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Oct
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Nov
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Dec
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | <!-- Leave this blank! -->
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Mean
|-
! height="16;" |Record high °C (°F)
| style="background: #9F845F; color: black;" | 8 (46)
| style="background: #A78557; color: black;" | 12 (53)
| style="background: #CF8A2F; color: black;" | 23 (74)
| style="background: #EF8F0F; color: black;" | 33 (94)
| style="background: #F5930A; color: black;" | 37 (99)
| style="background: #FA9605; color: black;" | 38 (100)
| style="background: #FA9605; color: black;" | 38 (100)
| style="background: #FF9900; color: black;" | 41 (105)
| style="background: #FA9605; color: black;" | 39 (102)
| style="background: #E78D17; color: black;" | 31 (90)
| style="background: #CF8A2F; color: black;" | 24 (75)
| style="background: #A78557; color: black;" | 12 (53)
| <!-- Leave this blank! -->
| <!-- Leave this blank! -->
|-
! height="16;" |Average high °C (°F)
| style="background: #4F78AF; color: black;" | -13 (9)
| style="background: #5F7A9F; color: black;" | -9 (17)
| style="background: #777D87; color: black;" | -1 (30)
| style="background: #A78557; color: black;" | 10 (51)
| style="background: #BF883F; color: black;" | 19 (67)
| style="background: #CF8A2F; color: black;" | 23 (74)
| style="background: #D78B27; color: black;" | 26 (78)
| style="background: #D78B27; color: black;" | 25 (77)
| style="background: #BF883F; color: black;" | 19 (65)
| style="background: #A78557; color: black;" | 11 (51)
| style="background: #777D87; color: black;" | -1 (30)
| style="background: #5F7A9F; color: black;" | -10 (15)
| <!-- Leave this blank! -->
| style="background: #9F845F; color: black;" | 8 (47)
|-
! height="16;" |Mean °C (°F)
| style="background: #3F76BF; color: black;" | -18 (-0)
| style="background: #4F78AF; color: black;" | -14 (8)
| style="background: #677B97; color: black;" | -6 (21)
| style="background: #8F826F; color: black;" | 4 (40)
| style="background: #A78557; color: black;" | 12 (54)
| style="background: #B78747; color: black;" | 17 (63)
| style="background: #BF883F; color: black;" | 20 (67)
| style="background: #BF883F; color: black;" | 19 (65)
| style="background: #A78557; color: black;" | 12 (54)
| style="background: #978367; color: black;" | 5 (42)
| style="background: #677B97; color: black;" | -5 (22)
| style="background: #4F78AF; color: black;" | -14 (6)
| <!-- Leave this blank! -->
| style="background: #8F826F; color: black;" | 3 (37)
|-
! height="16;" |Average low °C (°F)
| style="background: #2F74CF; color: black;" | -23 (-9)
| style="background: #3F76BF; color: black;" | -19 (-2)
| style="background: #5779A7; color: black;" | -11 (12)
| style="background: #777D87; color: black;" | -2 (28)
| style="background: #8F826F; color: black;" | 5 (41)
| style="background: #A78557; color: black;" | 11 (51)
| style="background: #AF864F; color: black;" | 13 (56)
| style="background: #A78557; color: black;" | 12 (53)
| style="background: #8F826F; color: black;" | 6 (43)
| style="background: #777D87; color: black;" | -0.3 (31)
| style="background: #5F7A9F; color: black;" | -10 (15)
| style="background: #3F76BF; color: black;" | -19 (-2)
| <!-- Leave this blank! -->
| style="background: #6F7C8F; color: black;" | -3 (26)
|-
! height="16;" |Record low °C (°F)
| style="background: #0066FF; color: black;" |-42 (-44)
| style="background: #0066FF; color: black;" | -45 (-49)
| style="background: #0569FA; color: black;" | -38 (-36)
| style="background: #2773D7; color: black;" | -26 (-15)
| style="background: #5779A7; color: black;" | -11 (12)
| style="background: #6F7C8F; color: black;" | -3 (26)
| style="background: #878177; color: black;" | 1 (34)
| style="background: #878177; color: black;" | 0.6 (33)
| style="background: #677B97; color: black;" | -7 (19)
| style="background: #4777B7; color: black;" | -17 (1)
| style="background: #0F6FEF; color: black;" | -34 (-29)
| style="background: #0569FA; color: black;" | -38 (-36)
| <!-- Leave this blank! -->
| <!-- Leave this blank! -->
|-
! colspan= "15" style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Precipitation and Sunshine Hours
|-
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" height="16" | Month
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jan
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Feb
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Mar
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Apr
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | May
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jun
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jul
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Aug
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Sep
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Oct
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Nov
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Dec
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | <!-- Leave this blank! -->
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Total
|-
! height="16;" |Total mm (in)
| style="background: #88A2B5; color: black;" | 20 (0.8)
| style="background: #88A2B5; color: black;" | 15 (0.6)
| style="background: #84A1B5; color: black;" | 22 (0.9)
| style="background: #80A0B5; color: black;" | 32 (1.3)
| style="background: #709CB5; color: black;" | 59 (2.3)
| style="background: #5896B5; color: black;" | 90 (3.5)
| style="background: #689AB5; color: black;" | 71 (2.8)
| style="background: #6499B5; color: black;" | 75 (3.0)
| style="background: #749DB5; color: black;" | 52 (2.1)
| style="background: #80A0B5; color: black;" | 36 (1.4)
| style="background: #84A1B5; color: black;" | 25 (1.0)
| style="background: #88A2B5; color: black;" | 19 (0.7)
| <!-- Leave this blank! -->
| style="background: #5C97B5; color: black;" | 514 (20)
|-
! height="16;" |Rainfall mm (in)
| style="background: #94A4B5; color: black;" | 0 (0.0)
| style="background: #94A4B5; color: black;" | 3 (0.1)
| style="background: #8CA3B5; color: black;" | 8 (0.3)
| style="background: #84A1B5; color: black;" | 22 (0.9)
| style="background: #709CB5; color: black;" | 58 (2.3)
| style="background: #5896B5; color: black;" | 90 (3.5)
| style="background: #689AB5; color: black;" | 71 (2.8)
| style="background: #6499B5; color: black;" | 75 (3.0)
| style="background: #749DB5; color: black;" | 52 (2.0)
| style="background: #80A0B5; color: black;" | 31 (1.2)
| style="background: #8CA3B5; color: black;" | 6 (0.2)
| style="background: #94A4B5; color: black;" | 2 (0.1)
| <!-- Leave this blank! -->
| style="background: #689AB5; color: black;" | 416 (16)
|-
! height="16;" |Snowfall cm (in)
| style="background: #A3A3A3; color: black;" | 23 (9.1)
| style="background: #959595; color: black;" | 14 (5.6)
| style="background: #989898; color: black;" | 16 (6.2)
| style="background: #939393; color: black;" | 10 (3.4)
| style="background: #838383; color: black;" | 0.8 (0.3)
| style="background: #838383; color: black;" | 0 (0)
| style="background: #838383; color: black;" | 0 (0)
| style="background: #838383; color: black;" | 0 (0)
| style="background: #838383; color: black;" | 0.4 (0.2)
| style="background: #888888; color: black;" | 5 (2.0)
| style="background: #9E9E9E; color: black;" | 21 (8.4)
| style="background: #9A9A9A; color: black;" | 20 (7.8)
| <!-- Leave this blank! -->
| style="background: #B3B3B3; color: black;" | 111 (44)
|-
! height="16;" |Sunshine hours
| style="background: #E5D064; color: black;" | 120
| style="background: #E7D05C; color: black;" | 138
| style="background: #EBD14C; color: black;" | 178
| style="background: #F1D238; color: black;" | 239
| style="background: #F6D424; color: black;" | 286
| style="background: #F6D424; color: black;" | 283
| style="background: #FAD514; color: black;" | 318
| style="background: #F6D424; color: black;" | 280
| style="background: #ECD148; color: black;" | 186
| style="background: #E8D058; color: black;" | 147
| style="background: #E3CF6C; color: black;" | 96
| style="background: #E3CF6C; color: black;" | 100
| <!-- Leave this blank! -->
| style="background: #F5D328; color: black;" | 2372
|-
! colspan= "15" style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Data recorded at [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport|Winnipeg International Airport]] by [http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?Province=ALL&StationName=winnipeg&SearchType=BeginsWith&LocateBy=Province&Proximity=25&ProximityFrom=City&StationNumber=&IDType=MSC&CityName=&ParkName=&LatitudeDegrees=&LatitudeMinutes=&LongitudeDegrees=&LongitudeMinutes=&NormalsClass=A&SelNormals=&StnId=3698&&autofwd=1 Environment Canada]. Data spans 1971 to 2000.
|}
Winnipeg is a sunny city, with over 2300 hours of sun annually.<ref>APEGM.[http://www.apegm.mb.ca/about/wpg/climate.html "Winnipeg Climate"]. Retrieved on: [[December 31]], [[2007]].</ref> July is the sunniest month, with 318 hours of bright sunshine, and November is the least sunny, with 96. Winnipeg is the second sunniest city in Canada in the winter and spring and has the second-clearest skies year-round.<ref>Environment Canada. [http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/weather/winners/city.cfm?lang=e "Winnipeg MB"]. Retrieved on: [[October 3]], [[2007]].</ref>
The coldest temperature ever recorded in Winnipeg was -47.8°C (-54.0°F), on December 24, 1879. The coldest wind-chill reading ever recorded was -57.1°C (-70.8°F), on February 1, 1996.
Spring and fall tend to be rather contracted seasons, each averaging little over six weeks. In general, the weather during these seasons is highly variable and changes rapidly. For example, October temperatures in Winnipeg have ranged from 30.5°C (86.9°F) to -20.6°C (-5.1°F), and in May, from 37.8°C (100°F) to -11.7°C (10.9°F).
==Transportation==
{{ main|Transport in Winnipeg }}
Winnipeg has had public transit since 1882, starting with horse-drawn streetcars. They were replaced by electric trolley cars which ran from 1891 to 1955, supplemented by motor buses since 1918, and electric trolley buses from 1938 to 1970. [[Winnipeg Transit]] now operates entirely with diesel buses. For decades, the city has explored the idea of a rapid transit link, either bus or rail, from downtown to the [[University of Manitoba]]'s suburban campus.
Because of extremes in summer and winter temperatures in the city (averaging -40C to +40C), the roads tend to be in rough condition with the combination of thawing and freezing in the winter, and during the heat and humidity of the summer.
The city is directly connected to the [[United States]] via [[Manitoba Provincial Highway 75|Provincial Trunk Highway 75 (PTH 75)]] (a northern continuation of [[Interstate 29|I-29]] and [[U.S. Highway 75|US 75]]). The highway runs 107 kilometres to [[Emerson, Manitoba]], and is the busiest U.S.-Canada border crossing between [[Vancouver, British Columbia|Vancouver]] and the [[Great Lakes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nascocorridor.com/naipn/pages/win_infra.html |title = North American Inland Ports |author = NAIPN |accessdate=2007-02-24}}</ref> Much of the commercial traffic that crosses in Emerson either originates from or is destined for Winnipeg. Inside the city, the highway is locally known as Pembina Highway (Route 42).
[[Winnipeg Bus Terminal]], located in [[downtown Winnipeg]], offers [[domestic]] and [[international]] service by [[Greyhound Canada]], [[Jefferson Lines]], [[Grey Goose Bus Lines]], Beaver Bus Lines, and [[Brandon, Manitoba|Brandon Air Shuttle]]. A new terminal is presently being built at the airport.
Winnipeg's [[International airport|airport]], renamed [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport]] in December 2006, is currently under redevelopment. A new terminal building is scheduled for completion by 2009, along with an office tower and a second hotel. The field was Canada's first [[international airport]] when it opened in 1928 as Stevenson Aerodrome.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foundlocally.com/Winnipeg/Trans/Trans-Airport.htm |title = Transportation |author = Found Locally |accessdate=2007-07-17}}</ref>
Winnipeg is unique among North American cities of its size in that it does not have [[freeway]]s within the urban area. Beginning in 1958, the primarily suburban Metropolitan council proposed a system of freeways, including one that would have bisected the downtown area. A modern four-lane highway, called the [[Perimeter Highway (Winnipeg)|Perimeter Highway]], was built in 1969. It serves as an [[expressway]] around the city (also known as a [[ring road]]), with [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s and at-grade intersections that bypass the city entirely. It allows travellers on the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] to avoid the city and continue east or west uninterrupted. The city has "major arterial roads"; examples are [[Winnipeg Route 165|Route 165 (Bishop Grandin Blvd.)]] and [[Winnipeg Route 90|Route 90 (Brookside Blvd., Oak Point Hwy., King Edward St., Century St., Kenaston Blvd.)]].
Winnipeg has also embarked on an ambitious wayfinding program, erecting new signage at strategic downtown locations;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/cao/media/news/nr_2004/nr_20040325.stm |title = Wayfinding Signage System |author = Destination Winnipeg |accessdate=2007-07-05}}</ref> the intention is to make it easier for travellers, specifically tourists, to locate services and attractions.
Winnipeg is a [[railway]] hub and is served by [[VIA Rail]], [[Canadian National Railway]] (CN), [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] (CP), [[Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba]], and the [[Central Manitoba Railway]] (CEMR). It is the only city between [[Vancouver]] and [[Thunder Bay, Ontario]] with direct U.S. connections.
==Economy==
[[Image:Winnipeg Mint.JPG|left|thumb|Royal Canadian Mint in Winnipeg]]
{{seealso|Corporations based in Winnipeg|List of hospitals in Winnipeg}}
Winnipeg is an important regional centre of commerce, industry, culture, finance, and government.
In 2003 and 2004, Canadian Business magazine ranked Winnipeg in the top 10 cities for business. In 2006, Winnipeg was ranked by [[KPMG]] as one of the lowest cost locations to do business in Canada.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.destinationwinnipeg.ca/work_db_wa.php | title= Winnipeg Advantages | publisher= Destination Winnipeg | accessdate=2007-06-09}}</ref> As with much of Western Canada, in 2007, Winnipeg experienced both a building and real estate boom. In May of 2007, the Winnipeg Real Estate Board reported the best month in its 104-year history in terms of sales and volume.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/subscriber/business/story/3982476p-4598823c.html | title= Bidders go Big | publisher= Winnipeg Feee Press | accessdate=2007-06-10}}</ref>
Winnipeg has the third-fastest growing economy among Canada's major cities as of 2007 released by the Conference Board of Canada with Winnipeg's real GDP growth at 3.7%.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://winnipegsun.canoe.ca/News/Winnipeg/2007/09/14/4495284-sun.html| title= Winnipeg going Strong| publisher= Winnipeg Sun | accessdate=2007-09-14}}</ref>
Approximately 375,000 people are employed in Winnipeg and the surrounding area. Winnipeg's largest employers are either government or government-funded institutions: the Province of Manitoba, the City of Winnipeg, the [[University of Manitoba]], the [[Health Sciences Centre (Winnipeg)|Health Sciences Centre]], the Casinos of Winnipeg, and [[Manitoba Hydro]]. Approximately 54,000 people or 14% of the work force are employed in the public sector.
There are several large private sector employers, as well: [[Manitoba Telecom Services]], [[CanWest Global Communications]] (the headquarters are in the tallest building in the city), [[Palliser Furniture]], [[The Great-West Life Assurance Company|Great-West Life Assurance]], [[Motor Coach Industries]], [[Convergys]], [[New Flyer]] Industries, [[Boeing Canada Technology]], [[Bristol Aerospace]], [[Nygård International]], [[Nortel]], [[Canad Inns]] and [[Investors Group]].
A number of large privately held family-owned companies operate out of Winnipeg. The most famous of these is [[James Richardson & Sons, Limited|James Richardson & Sons]]. The [[Richardson Building]] at [[Portage and Main]] was the first skyscraper to grace that corner. Other private companies include [[Ben Moss Jewellers]], [[Frantic Films]] and [[Paterson GlobalFoods|Paterson Grain]].
Winnipeg is the site of [[Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg]] and the headquarters of [[1 Canadian Air Division]], as well as home to several reserve units. See [[#Military|Military]] in this article.
The [[Royal Canadian Mint]] located in eastern Winnipeg (on [[Winnipeg Route 20|Route 20 (Lagimodière Blvd)]]) is where all circulating coinage in Canada is produced. The plant, established in 1975, also produces coins for many other countries in the world.
Winnipeg is also home to the [[National Microbiology Laboratory]], Canada's front line in its response to [[SARS]] and one of only 15 [[Biosafety level]] 4 microbiology laboratories in the world.
[[Polo Park]] is the largest mall between [[Toronto]] and [[Edmonton]].
== Demographics ==
<!--Some of the data in this section is referring to the 2001 census as results on those topics have not be released for the 2006 census at this time. Please make note of which census to which the data refers before making edits. Thanks.-->
{| cellpadding="1" style="float: left; margin: 0em 1em 1em 0em; border:1px #bbbbbb solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;"
|- align="center" bgcolor=8899AA
! colspan= "3" | Ethnic Origins <ref>“[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CSD&Code=4611040&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 Winnipeg City]”, in Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census</ref>
|- align="center" bgcolor=AABBCC
|
|Population
|Percentage
|- align="center"
|[[English people|English]]
|141,480
|22.6
|- align="center" bgcolor=EEEEEE
|[[Scottish people|Scottish]]
|114,960
|18.4
|- align="center"
|[[German people|German]]
|106,260
|17.0
|- align="center" bgcolor=EEEEEE
|[[Canadian people|Canadian]]
|104,130
|16.6
|- align="center"
|[[Ukrainian people|Ukrainian]]
|96,255
|15.4
|- align="center" bgcolor=EEEEEE
|[[French people|French]]
|87,165
|13.9
|- align="center"
|[[Irish people|Irish]]
|86,580
|13.9
|- align="center" bgcolor=EEEEEE
|[[Polish people|Polish]]
|50,555
|8.1
|- align="center"
|[[Scandinavian people|Scandinavian]]
|43,180
|7.0
|- align="center" bgcolor=BBCCDD
| colspan= "3" | multiple responses included
|- align="center" bgcolor=999999
| colspan= "3" | <!--blank-->
|- align="center" bgcolor=8899AA
! colspan= "3" | Visible minorities <ref>“[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=&GeoCode=4611040 Winnipeg, Manitoba]” in 2006 Community Profiles</ref>
|- align="center" bgcolor=AABBCC
|
|Population
|Percentage
|- align="center"
|Total
|101,910
|16.3
|- align="center" bgcolor=EEEEEE
|[[Filipino people|Filipino]]
|36,820
|5.9
|- align="center"
|[[South Asian]]
|15,080
|2.4
|- align="center" bgcolor=EEEEEE
|[[Black people|Black]]
|14,200
|2.3
|- align="center"
|[[Chinese people|Chinese]]
|12,660
|2.0
|- align="center" bgcolor=EEEEEE
|[[Latin American]]
|5,390
|0.9
|- align="center"
|[[Southeast Asian]]
|5,325
|0.9
|- align="center" bgcolor=EEEEEE
|Multiple
|3,060
|0.5
|- align="center"
|[[Arab people|Arab]]
|2,115
|0.3
|- align="center" bgcolor=EEEEEE
|[[Korean people|Korean]]
|2,065
|0.3
|- align="center"
|[[Central Asian|West Asian]]
|1,885
|0.3
|- align="center" bgcolor=EEEEEE
|[[Japanese people|Japanese]]
|1,725
|0.3
|- align="center"
|Other
|1,585
|0.3
|- align="center" bgcolor=999999
| colspan= "3" | <!--blank-->
|- align="center" bgcolor=8899AA
! colspan= "3" | Aboriginal identity <ref>“[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/aboriginal/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=46&B1=All&Custom= Winnipeg, Manitoba]” in 2006 Aboriginal Population Profile</ref>
|- align="center" bgcolor=AABBCC
|
| Population
| Percentage
|-
| Total population
| align=right | 625,700
| align=right | 100.00
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| total [[Aboriginal peoples in Canada |Aboriginal identity]]
| align=right | 64,690
| align=right | 10.19
|-
| [[First Nations |North American Indian]]
| align=right | 25,900
| align=right | 3.99
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| [[Métis people (Canada) |Métis]]
| align=right | 37,385
| align=right | 5.97
|-
| [[Inuit]]
| align=right | 280
| align=right | 0.04
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| multiple Aboriginal
| align=right | 355
| align=right | 0.06
|-
| other Aboriginal
| align=right | 770
| align=right | 0.12
|}
According to the [[Canada 2006 Census|2006 Census]], there were 633,451 people residing in Winnipeg itself and a total of 694,668 inhabitants in the Winnipeg [[Census Metropolitan Area]] on [[16 May]], [[2006]], and 711,455 in the [[Winnipeg Capital Region]] making it Manitoba’s largest city and the eighth largest CMA in Canada.<ref name="2006CensCSDPop"/>
<ref name="2006CensAllCMAs">{{cite web
|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=205&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=33
|title=Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas (ALL), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data
|work=[[Statistics Canada]], 2006 Census of Population
|date=[[2007-03-13]]
|accessdate=2007-03-13
}}</ref> Of the city population, 48.3% were male and 51.7% were female, and 24.3% were 19 years old or younger. People aged by 20 and 39 years accounted for 27.4%, while those between 40 and 64 made up 34.0% of the population. The average age of a Winnipegger in [[May 2006]] was 38.7, compared to the average of 39.5 for Canada as a whole.<ref name="2006CityProfile">{{cite web
|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=
|title=Community Profile of the City of Winnipeg
|work=[[Statistics Canada]], 2006 Census of Population
|date=[[2007-09-30]]
|accessdate=2007-09-30}}</ref>
Between the censuses of [[Canada 2001 Census|2001]] and 2006, Winnipeg's population increased by 2.2%, compared to the average of 2.6 for Manitoba and 5.4% for Canada. The [[population density]] of the city of Winnipeg averaged 1,365.2 people per square kilometre, compared with an average of 3.5 for Manitoba.
Of Winnipeg’s total population, 61,217 citizens live in the city’s [[Census Metropolitan Area]],<ref name="2006CMAProfile">{{cite web
|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=602__&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=
|title=Community Profile of Winnipeg CMA
|work=[[Statistics Canada]], 2006 Census of Population
|date=[[2007-09-30]]
|accessdate=2007-09-30}}</ref> which apart from Winnipeg includes the [[Rural municipality|Rural municipalities]] of [[East St. Paul, Manitoba|East St. Paul]], [[Headingley, Manitoba|Headingley]], [[Ritchot, Manitoba|Ritchot]], [[Rosser, Manitoba|Rosser]], [[Springfield, Manitoba|Springfield]], [[St. Clements, Manitoba|St. Clements]], [[St. François Xavier, Manitoba|St. François Xavier]], [[Taché, Manitoba|Taché]] and [[West St. Paul, Manitoba|West St. Paul]], and the [[List of Aboriginal communities in Canada|Aboriginal community]] of Brokenhead.
===Ethnicity===
Ethnic diversity is an important part of Winnipeg's culture. Most Winnipeggers are of European or Canadian descent. [[Visible minorities]] make up 16.3% of Winnipeg's population. Winnipeg is home to 38,155 people of [[Filipino people|Filipino]] descent, the highest concentration of persons of Filipino origin in Canada, and the second largest Filipino population in Canada after Toronto, which has 107,355 persons of Filipino origin.<ref>Statistics Canada 2006</ref> [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CSD&Code=4611040&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000] [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CSD&Code=3520005&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000]
===Language===
More than 20 languages are spoken in Winnipeg, the most common is [[English language|English]], in which 99.0% of Winnipeggers are [[fluency|fluent]]. In terms of Canada's [[official languages]], 88.0% of Winnipeggers speak only English, and 0.1% speak only [[French language|French]]. Eleven percent speaks both English and French, while 0.9% speaks neither English nor French. Other languages spoken in Winnipeg include [[German language|German]] (spoken by 4.1% of the population), [[Filipino language|Tagalog]] (3.4%), [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] (3.1%), [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]] and [[Polish language|Polish]] (all three spoken by 1.7% of the population), as well as Aboriginal languages including [[Ojibwe language|Ojibway]] (0.6%), [[Cree language|Cree]] (0.5%), [[Inuktitut]] and [[Mi'kmaq|Micmac]] (both less than 0.1%). Other languages spoken in Winnipeg include [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], [[Hindi]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Sign language|Non-verbal languages]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Creole language|Creoles]], [[Danish language|Danish]], and [[Gaelic language]]s (all of which are spoken by roughly 1% or less of the population).<ref name="CityProfilePDF">[http://www.winnipeg.ca/Census/2001/City%20of%20Winnipeg/City%20of%20Winnipeg/City%20of%20Winnipeg.pdf 2001 Census Data], Languages. The City of Winnipeg. Retrieved [[30 September]] [[2007]].</ref>
===Religion===
The 2001 census states that 72.9 per cent of Winnipeg residents belong to a [[Christian]] denomination, 35.1% of which are [[Protestant]], 32.6% [[Roman Catholic]], and 5.2% other following Christian denominations. 5.6% of the population follows a religion other than Christianity—followers of [[Judaism]] make up 2.1% of the population, Followers of [[Buddhism]] and [[Sikhism]] make up 0.9% of the population each, while [[Islam|Muslims]] make up 0.8% of the population. [[Hindu]]s account for 0.6% of the population, while followers of other religions make up less than 0.5% of the population. 21.7% of Winnipeggers do not follow a religion.<ref name="2001CityProfile">{{cite web
|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=
|title=Community Profile of Winnipeg CMA
|work=[[Statistics Canada]], 2001 Census of Population
|date=[[2007-09-30]]
|accessdate=2007-09-30}}</ref>
==Education==
{{See also|List of schools of Winnipeg, Manitoba|List of schools in Winnipeg}}
Education is a responsibility of the provincial government in Canada.
In Manitoba, education is governed principally by The Public Schools Act and The Education Administration Act, as well as regulations made under both Acts. Rights and responsibilities of the Minister of Education, Citizenship and Youth and the rights and responsibilities of school boards, principals, teachers, parents and students are set out in the legislation.
There are two major universities, a community college, a private [[Mennonite]] university and a [[French Canadian|French]] college in [[St. Boniface, Manitoba|St. Boniface]]
The [[University of Manitoba]] is the largest university in the province of Manitoba, the most comprehensive and the only research-intensive post-secondary educational institution. It was founded in 1877, making it Western Canada’s first [[university]]. In a typical year, the university has an enrolment of 24,542 undergraduate students and 3,021 graduate students.
The [[University of Winnipeg]] received its charter in 1967 but its roots date back more than 130 years. The founding colleges were [[Manitoba College]] 1871, and [[Wesley College, Winnipeg|Wesley College]] 1888, which merged to form [[United College, Winnipeg|United College]] in 1938. Until 2007, it was an undergraduate institution with a faculty of arts and science that offered some joint graduate studies programs. It now offers graduate programs exclusive to the university. In 2008, the university plans on creating a new faculty of business consisting of economics and business programs hived off from the faculty of arts.
Winnipeg is also home to numerous private schools, both religious and secular.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
===School divisions===
There are six public school divisions in Winnipeg:
* [[Winnipeg School Division]]
* [[St. James-Assiniboia School Division]]
* [[Pembina Trails School Division]]
* [[Seven Oaks School Division]]
*Division Scolaire Franco-Manitobaine
* [[River East Transcona School Division]]
* [[Louis Riel School Division]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
===Higher education===
There are four universities and one major college in Winnipeg:
*[[University of Manitoba]]
*[[University of Winnipeg]]
*[[Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface]]
*[[Canadian Mennonite University]]
*[[Red River College]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{col-end}}
==Sports==
{{main|Sport in Winnipeg}}
Winnipeg has a long and storied sports history. It has been home to several professional [[ice hockey|hockey]], [[Canadian Football League|football]], [[baseball]] franchises, and dirt track stock car racing. There have also been many university and amateur athletes over the years who have left their mark.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Current professional franchises
!Club
!League
!Venue
!Established
!Championships
|-
|[[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]]
|[[Canadian Football League]]
|[[Canad Inns Stadium]]
|1930
|10
|-
|[[Manitoba Moose]]
|[[American Hockey League]]
|[[MTS Centre]]
|1996
|0
|-
|[[Winnipeg Goldeyes]]
|[[Northern League (baseball)|Northern League]]
|[[CanWest Park]]
|1994
|1
|}
Winnipeg hosted the [[Pan-American Games]] in [[1967 Pan American Games|1967]] and [[1999 Pan American Games|1999]], being the only Canadian city to host the event and the second city to host it twice.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=39865.html|title=Pan-am Games |author=iaff.org|accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref>
==Arts and culture==
{{main|Winnipeg Arts and Culture}}
{{seealso|List of Winnipeg musicians|List of TV and films shot in Winnipeg|List of tallest buildings in Winnipeg|List of Winnipeggers}}
[[Image:Esplanderiel.jpg|thumb|right|This [[Side-spar cable-stayed bridge|side-spar bridge]], the Esplanade Riel, is built exclusively for pedestrians. Winnipeg-based [[Salisbury House (restaurant)|Salisbury House]] owns a restaurant in the building at the spar's base.]]
Winnipeg is well known across the prairies for its arts and culture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ius.uwinnipeg.ca/pdf/art_report.pdf |author= City of Winnipeg |title= Cultural Report |accessdate=2008-01-18}}</ref> The isolation of the city led to the development of many homegrown cultural institutions in theatre, music and dance. As the city developed, it became one of the main stops in Canada for artists as they travelled across Canada. It remains one of the top destinations today.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.mb.ca/finance/budget06/advantage/mbadv.html |author= Province of Manitoba |title= 2006 Manitoba Budget |accessdate=2008-01-18}}</ref>
The city is home to several large festivals. The [[Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival]] is North America's second largest Fringe Festival, held every July. The [[Winnipeg International Writers Festival]] (THIN AIR) rivals similar festivals in Calgary and Vancouver. Other festivals include [[Folklorama]], the [[Jazz Winnipeg Festival]], the [[Winnipeg Folk Festival]], the [[Winnipeg Music Festival]], the [[Red River Exhibition]], and ''[[Le Festival du Voyageur]]''.
The [[Winnipeg Public Library]] is a [[public library]] network with 20 branches throughout the city, including the central Millennium Library.
Winnipeg is well known for its murals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.themuralsofwinnipeg.com/ |author= Bob Buchanan |title= The Murals of Winnipeg |accessdate=2007-08-22}}</ref> Many buildings in the downtown area and extending into some suburban areas have murals painted on the sides of buildings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/manitoba/story/2006/01/11/mb_mural-20060111.html |author= CBC |title= New Festival |accessdate=2007-07-31}}</ref> Although some are advertisements for shops and other businesses, many are historical paintings, school art projects, or downtown beautification projects. Murals can also be found on several of the downtown traffic light switch posts and fire hydrants.
Winnipeg also has a thriving [[film]] community, beginning as early as 1897 with the films of [[James Freer]] to the production of local independent films of today, such as those by [[Guy Maddin]]. It has also supported a number of [[Hollywood]] productions, including [[Shall We Dance (2004 movie)|''Shall We Dance'']] (2004), the [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] nominated film ''[[Capote (film)|Capote]]'' (2005), ''[[The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford]]'' (2006), ''[[The Horsemen]]'' (2007) and ''[[X2 (film)|''X2'']]'' (2003) had parts filmed in the province. Several locally-produced and national television dramas have also been shot in Winnipeg. The [[National Film Board of Canada]] and the [[Winnipeg Film Group]] have produced numerous award-winning films.
Guy Maddin's ''[[My Winnipeg]]'', an independent film released in 2008, is a poetic and comedic rumination on the city's history. It features archival footage and contemporary imagery blended seamlessly into an extended autobiographical goodbye letter.
There are several TV and Film production companies in Winnipeg. Some of the prominent ones are [[Frantic Films]], [[Buffalo Gal Pictures]], [[Les Productions Rivard]] and [[Eagle Vision (company)|Eagle Vision]].
Winnipeg is also associated with various music acts. Among the most notable are [[Neil Young]], [[The Guess Who]], [[Bachman-Turner Overdrive]], [[Streetheart (band)| Streetheart]], [[Harlequin (band)|Harlequin]], [[Chantal Kreviazuk]], [[Bif Naked]], [[Comeback Kid]], [[The Waking Eyes]], [[Trevor Hurst]], [[Brent Fitz]], [[Jet Set Satellite]], the [[New Meanies]], [[Propagandhi]], [[The Weakerthans]], [[The Perpetrators]], [[Crash Test Dummies]], [[Christine Fellows]], The Wailin' Jennys and [[The Duhks]].
Winnipeg is the subject of the song "One Great City!" by [[the Weakerthans]]. The song makes allusion to the slow growth and lost industry in the town.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/W/Weakerthans/AlbumReviews/2003/08/22/772143.html
|title=jam! Showbiz, Album Review: Weakerthans
|author=Darryl Sterdan
|year=2007
|accessdate=2007-03-14}}</ref> The title of the song is the slogan on signs welcoming visitors to Winnipeg. The city is also mentioned in Neil Young's "Don't Be Denied". [[Aaron Funk]], a Winnipeg-based [[Breakcore]] artist better known as [[Venetian Snares]], released a profane [[concept album]] in [[2005]] based on his [[Winnipeg is a frozen shithole|hatred of Winnipeg]].
Winnipeg is mentioned in the song "Anywhere Under the Moon" by Canadian folk duo [[Dala (band)|Dala]], on their 2007 album [[Who Do You Think You Are (album)|Who Do You Think You Are]].
Winnipeg was mentioned in two episodes of [[The Simpsons]]; Nelson slaps a driver, who then states, "That's it! Back to Winnipeg!" and an episode when Homer came to Winnipeg to import prescription drugs from Canada.
Winnipeg was mentioned in [[Mystery Science Theatre 3000]] when the robots Crow and Tom Servo are engaged in a turkey selling contest, the prize being a band trip to Winnipeg.
Winnipeg was also mentioned in an episode of [[Life with Derek]] on [[Family Channel]]; Derek states that his hockey team will no longer be going on a trip to Sweden, but rather a road trip to Winnipeg.
Winnipeg has also achieved acclaim for being the "[[Slurpee]] Capital of the World," since [[1999]], as its residents have a year-round penchant for the icy slush served in convenience stores.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1121124289627_30/?hub=Canada
|author= CTV |title= Winnipeg Crowned Slurpee Capital |accessdate=2007-07-05}}</ref>
NBC United, a network showing NBC comedy programming on United Airlines flights includes a promotion between shows in which an announcer advises passengers to "sit back, relax, and enjoy their flight to Winnipeg..."
Winnipeg is also the home of YC Manitoba (Youth Conference) which is a Christian weekend for youth 12 and over featuring concerts such as the popular band Tree63 and worldwide famous speakers such as Reggie Dabbs. YC was created by Mike Love and Extreme Dream Productions based in Edmonton. YC started in the Winnipeg Convention Centre, later moved to Calvary Temple in 2007 and once again moved to The Church of The Rock in 2008. An adverge of 3,000 - 5,000 partians attend each year.
===Local media===
{{Main|Media in Winnipeg}}
Winnipeg has two daily newspapers, six English television stations, one French television station, 25 AM and FM radio stations and a variety a regional and nationally based magazines that call the city home.
===Winnie-the-Pooh===
{{main|Winnie-the-Pooh}}
Winnipeg Bear, the inspiration for [[Winnie-the-Pooh]], was not actually born in Winnipeg. Instead, Winnipeg Bear was purchased in [[White River, Ontario]], by an officer (Lieutenant [[Harry Colebourn]]) of the [[Fort Garry Horse]] cavalry regiment en route to his embarkation point for the front lines of [[World War I]]. He named the bear after the regiment's home town of Winnipeg. In 1924, on an excursion to the [[London Zoo]] with neighbour children, [[Christopher Robin Milne]], son of author [[A. A. Milne]], was introduced to Winnie for the first time.
An [[E.H. Shepard]] painting of "Winnie the Pooh" is the only known oil painting of Winnipeg’s famous bear cub. It was purchased at an auction for $285,000 in [[London]], [[England]], late in 2000. The painting is displayed in the Pavilion Gallery in [[Assiniboine Park]].
=== Cuisine ===
Winnipeg has a broad selection of restaurants and specialty food stores. Many ethnic cuisines are well represented, including those of the local Ukrainian, Jewish, Mennonite, Chinese, Italian, and Filipino populations.
Regional dishes include [[Winnipeg goldeye]], a kind of smoked fish, fresh [[walleye|pickerel]] fillets and pickerel cheeks, and an East European style of light [[rye bread]] called Winnipeg rye. Also associated with Winnipeg are ''nips'' (hamburgers) from [[Salisbury House restaurant]], Jeanne's cake, Russian mints from Morden's Chocolate, [[Old Dutch Foods|Old Dutch]] potato chips, and beer from Half Pints and [[Fort Garry Brewing Company|Fort Garry]] breweries.
==Attractions==
Winnipeg is the future home of the [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]]. The start of construction is contingent on continued efforts to raise money in 2008. It will be the first Canadian national museum outside of the [[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital Region]]. The museum will be located at [[The Forks, Winnipeg, Manitoba|The Forks]]. The Forks, where the [[Red River of the North|Red River]] and [[Assiniboine River]] meet, is Winnipeg's number one tourist attraction and brings locals and visitors alike to its shops, river walkways and festivals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://concierge.fairmont.com/list.process/OID_35/OLID_8873/SID_428/l|title = 10 Best Sightseeing |author = The Fairmont Winnipeg |accessdate=2008-01-18}}</ref>
The [[Manitoba Museum]] is Manitoba's largest museum. It has nine galleries and includes a [[planetarium]] as well as the [[Nonsuch (ship)|Nonsuch]]. It is one of the only attractions to receive the [[Michelin Guide]] highest rating as an attraction in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wcities.com/en/record/,233564/499/record.html|title = Manitoba Museum |author = Wcities |accessdate=2008-01-18}}</ref>
The [[Winnipeg Railway Museum]], located on tracks 1 and 2 in the [[Union Station (Winnipeg)|Via Rail Station]] is home to The [[Countess of Dufferin]], the first locomotive on the [[Canadian]] prairies
Winnipeg's large parks including Assiniboine Park, Kildonan Park and St. Vital Park, as well as the Assiniboine Forest, are major attractions. The Assiniboine Forest is home to a sizable urban deer herd.
The [[Royal Winnipeg Ballet]] is one of the world's premiere ballet companies. It is Canada's oldest ballet and the longest continually operating Ballet in North America. It is the only ballet company in Canada to receive a Royal charter in 1953 from [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth]] II.
The [[Manitoba Theatre Centre]] is Canada's first regional theatre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtc.mb.ca/about_about.aspx|title = About MTC |author = Manitoba Theatre Centre|accessdate=2008-01-18}}</ref> It was founded in 1957 and has produced just under 500 plays featuring actors such as [[Len Cariou]], [[Gordon Pinsent]], [[Keanu Reeves]] and [[William Hurt]].
==Military==
[[Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg]], co-located at the [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport]], is home to many flight operations support divisions, as well as several training schools. It is also the headquarters of [[1 Canadian Air Division]] (1CdnAirDiv, formerly Air Command Headquarters) and the Canadian [[NORAD]] Region Headquarters. The base is supported by over 3,000 military personnel and civilian employees.
17 Wing of the [[Canadian Forces]] is based at CFB Winnipeg. The Wing comprises three squadrons and six schools. It also provides support to the Central Flying School. Excluding the three levels of government, 17 Wing is the fourth largest employer in the city.<!-- no such ref name tag exists<ref name= "National Defence" /> -->
The Wing also supports 113 units stretching from [[Thunder Bay, Ontario|Thunder Bay]], to the [[Saskatchewan]]/[[Alberta]] border and from the [[49th Parallel]] to the high [[Arctic]]. 17 Wing also acts as a deployed operating base for [[CF-18 Hornet]] fighter-bombers assigned to the Canadian [[NORAD]] Region.
Two squadrons based in the city are:
*[[No. 402 Squadron RCAF|402 “City of Winnipeg” Squadron]]. This squadron flies the Canadian-designed and -produced de Havilland [[de Havilland Canada Dash 8|CT-142 Dash 8]] navigation trainer in support of the Canadian Forces Air Navigation School’s Air Navigators and Airborne Electronic Sensor Operator training programs.
*435 “Chinthe” Transport and Rescue Squadron. This squadron flies the Lockheed [[CC-130 Hercules]] tanker/transport in the airlift search and rescue roles. In addition, 435 Squadron is the only Air Force squadron equipped and trained to conduct air-to-air refueling of fighter aircraft in support of operational and training activities at home and abroad.
Winnipeg is home to a number of reserve units: the [[Royal Winnipeg Rifles]] and [[Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada]] infantry, 735 Communications Regiment, 17 Service Battalion, and 17 (Winnipeg) Field Ambulance at Minto Armoury, the [[Fort Garry Horse]] armoured reconnaissance regiment at McGregor Armoury, and HMCS Chippewa naval reserve.
For many years, Winnipeg was the home of The Second Battalion, [[Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry]], or 2 PPCLI. Initially, the battalion was based at the Fort Osborne Barracks near present day Osborne Village. They eventually moved to the Kapyong Barracks located in the [[River Heights, Manitoba|River Heights]]/[[Tuxedo, Manitoba|Tuxedo]] part of Winnipeg. Since 2004, the 550 men and women of the battalion have operated out of [[Canadian Forces Base Shilo]] near [[Brandon, Manitoba|Brandon]].
== Sister cities ==
This is a list of Winnipeg's [[sister cities]] and the date the agreement with each location was signed.
{|
| valign="top" width="50%" |
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Setagaya]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] ([[October 5]], [[1970]])
* {{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Reykjavík]], [[Iceland]] ([[September 7]], [[1971]])
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Minneapolis]], [[USA]] ([[January 31]], [[1973]])
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Lviv]], [[Ukraine]] ([[November 26]], [[1973]])
* {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] ([[December 31]], [[1979]])
* {{flagicon|Republic of China}} [[Taichung]], [[Republic of China|Taiwan]] ([[April 2]], [[1982]])
| valign="top" width="50%" |
* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Kuopio]], [[Finland]] ([[June 11]], [[1982]])
* {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Beer-Sheva]], [[Israel]] ([[May 15]], [[1984]])
* {{flagicon|People's Republic of China}} [[Chengdu]], [[People's Republic of China|China]] ([[February 24]], [[1988]])
* {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Jinju]], [[South Korea]] ([[April 1]], [[1992]])
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[San Nicolás de los Garza]], [[Mexico]] ([[July 23]], [[1999]])
|}
== Media & Magazines ==
* [http://www.winnipegsun.com/ The Winnipeg Sun] (Newspaper)
* [http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/ Winnipeg Free Press] (Newspaper)
* [http://www.westernlivingmagazine.com/ Western Living] (Magazine)
* [http://www.winnipegwomen.net/ Winnipeg Women] (Magazine)
* [http://www.winnipegmen.com/ Winnipeg Men] (Magazine)
* [http://www.uptownmag.com/ Uptown Magazine] (Magazine)
* [http://www.urbanitewinnipeg.com/ Urbanite Winnipeg] (eZine)
* [http://www.whatsonwinnipeg.com/ Whats on Winnipeg] (eZine
* [http://www.destinationwinnipeg.ca/Destination Winnipeg] (eZine)
==See also==
* [[Assiniboine Valley Railway]]
* [[Downtown Winnipeg]]
* [[List of cities in Canada]]
* [[Valour Road]]
* [[Ukrainian Labour Temple]]
* [[Winnipeg Police Service]]
* [[Winnipeg Railway Museum]]
* [[Western Canada Aviation Museum]]
* [[1997 Red River Flood]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Winnipeg]]
* [[Winnipeg Firefighters Historical Society Museum]]
== Notes ==
===Footnotes===
{{refbegin|2}}
<references/>
===Notations===
* J. M. Bumsted, ''The [[Winnipeg General Strike]] of 1919: An Illustrated History'' 1994, 140 pp. heavily illus; ISBN 0-920486-40-1.
* Ramsay Cook; ''The Politics of John W. Dafoe and the Free Press'' (1963), 305 pp. B&W illustrations; ISBN 0802051197
* Grayson, J. P., and L. M. Grayson, "The Social Base of Interwar Political Unrest in Urban Alberta". ''Canadian Journal of Political Science'', 7: 289–313 (1974)
* Kenneth McNaught; ''A Prophet in Politics: A Biography of J. S. Woodsworth'' (RICH: Reprints in Canadian History) (Paperback) Introduction Allen Mills. (2001), 304 pp.; ISBN 0802084273
* Norman Penner, ed., ''Winnipeg 1919: The Strikers' Own History of the Winnipeg General Strike'' (Toronto: 1973)
* K. W. Taylor; "Voting in Winnipeg During the Depression" ''Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology'' v 19 #2 1982. pp 222+
* Taylor, K. W., and Nelson Wiseman, "Class and Ethnic Voting in Winnipeg: The Case of 1941". Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 14: 174-87 1977
* Wiseman, Nelson and K. W. Taylor, "Ethnic vs Class Voting: the Case of Winnipeg, 1945". Canadian Journal of Political Science 7: 314-28 1974
* Wiseman, Nelson and K. W. Taylor, "Class and Ethnic Voting in Winnipeg During the Cold War". Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 16: 60–76 1979
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|Winnipeg}}
* [http://www.winnipeg.ca/ Winnipeg.ca] - Official Winnipeg website
{{Geolinks-Canada-cityscale|49.88|-97.17}}
* [http://www.destinationwinnipeg.ca/ Destination Winnipeg economic and travel guide]
* [http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?Province=ALL&StationName=Winnipeg&SearchType=BeginsWith&LocateBy=Province&Proximity=25&ProximityFrom=City&StationNumber=&IDType=MSC&StnId=3698 Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000: Winnipeg] at Environment Canada
* [http://winnipedia.ca Winnipedia]
* [http://www.truwinnipeg.org/ Transit Riders' Union of Winnipeg]
* [http://www.mmcalumni.ca/ Miles MacDonell Collegiate Alumni Association] - Local Winnipeg History
* [http://www.livingin-canada.com/climate-winnipeg.html The Climate and Weather of Winnipeg, Manitoba] - from Living in Canada
* [http://timemachine.siamandas.com Winnipeg and Manitoba stories]- 250 stories about Winnipeg and Manitoba History
{{Canadian City Geographic Location (8-way)
| Centre = Winnipeg
| Northwest =[[Rosser, Manitoba|Rosser]]
| North = [[Selkirk, Manitoba|Selkirk]]<br />[[West St. Paul, Manitoba|West St. Paul]]
| Northeast = [[East St. Paul, Manitoba|East St. Paul]]
| East = [[Rural Municipality of Springfield]]
| Southeast = [[Taché, Manitoba|Taché]]<br />[[Steinbach, Manitoba|Steinbach]]
| South = [[Ritchot, Manitoba|Ritchot]]
| Southwest = [[Macdonald, Manitoba|Macdonald]]
| West = [[Headingley, Manitoba|Headingley]]
}}
{{Canada capitals}}
{{WinnipegNeighbourhoods}}
{{Manitoba}}
{{Pan American Games host cities}}
{{Census metropolitan areas by size}}
[[Category:Cities in Manitoba]]
[[Category:District of Keewatin]]
[[Category:Winnipeg|*]]
[[Category:Settlements established in 1738]]
[[af:Winnipeg]]
[[bg:Уинипег]]
[[ca:Winnipeg]]
[[cs:Winnipeg]]
[[cy:Winnipeg]]
[[da:Winnipeg]]
[[de:Winnipeg]]
[[et:Winnipeg]]
[[el:Γουίνιπεγκ]]
[[es:Winnipeg]]
[[eo:Vinipego (Manitobo)]]
[[fa:وینیپگ]]
[[fr:Winnipeg]]
[[ko:위니펙]]
[[id:Winnipeg, Manitoba]]
[[it:Winnipeg]]
[[he:ויניפג]]
[[lt:Vinipegas]]
[[mr:विनिपेग]]
[[nl:Winnipeg]]
[[cr:ᐄᐧᓂᐯᐠ]]
[[ja:ウィニペグ]]
[[no:Winnipeg]]
[[nds:Winnipeg]]
[[pl:Winnipeg]]
[[pt:Winnipeg]]
[[ro:Winnipeg, Manitoba]]
[[ru:Виннипег]]
[[simple:Winnipeg, Manitoba]]
[[sk:Winnipeg]]
[[sr:Винипег (град)]]
[[fi:Winnipeg]]
[[sv:Winnipeg]]
[[ta:வினிப்பெக்]]
[[tr:Winnipeg]]
[[uk:Вінніпег (місто)]]
[[vo:Winnipeg]]
[[zh:温尼伯]]