Woody Guthrie 33278 226024170 2008-07-16T14:15:13Z Wednesday Next 6155041 {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Woody Guthrie | Img = Woody Guthrie.jpg | Img_capt = Woody Guthrie with guitar labeled<br />"This machine kills fascists" | Img_size = <!-- Only for images narrower than 220 pixels --> | Landscape = | Background = solo_singer | Birth_name = Woodrow Wilson Guthrie | Alias = | Born = {{birth date|1912|7|14|mf=y}}<br /><small>[[Okemah, Oklahoma|Okemah]], [[Oklahoma]], [[United States|U.S.]]</small> | Died = {{Death date and age|1967|10|3|1912|7|14}}<br /><small>[[New York City]], [[New York]], [[United States|U.S.]]</small> | Origin = | Instrument = [[Guitar]], [[Vocal music|Vocal]], [[Harmonica]], [[Mandolin]], [[Fiddle]] | Genre = [[Folk music|Folk]] | Occupation = [[Singer-songwriter]] | Years_active = 1930 – 1956 | Influences = [[Joe Hill]], [[Will Rogers]], [[Jimmie Rodgers]], [[The Carter Family]], [[Lead Belly]] | Influenced = [[Bob Dylan]], [[Pete Seeger]], [[Cisco Houston]], [[Jack Elliott]], [[Phil Ochs]] | Label = | Associated_acts = | URL = | Notable_instruments = [[C.F. Martin & Company|Martin]] 000-18, [[Gibson Guitar Corporation|Gibson]] Southern Jumbo, [[Gibson J-45]] }} '''Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Guthrie''' ([[July 14]], [[1912]] &ndash; [[October 3]], [[1967]]) was an [[United States|American]] songwriter and [[folk music]]ian. Guthrie's musical legacy consists of hundreds of songs, [[ballad]]s and improvised works covering topics from political themes to [[Traditional music|traditional songs]] to children's songs. Guthrie performed continually throughout his life with his guitar frequently displaying the slogan "This Machine Kills [[Fascism|Fascists]]". Guthrie is perhaps best known for his song "[[This Land Is Your Land]]" which is regularly sung in American schools. Many of his recorded songs are archived in the [[Library of Congress]].<ref> Library of Congress. [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?faid/faid:@field(DOCID+af001001)#Related%20Material%20-%20Woody%20Guthrie%20Sound%20Recordings%20at%20the%20American%20Folklife%20Center Related Material - Woody Guthrie Sound Recordings at the American Folklife Center.] Retrieved on [[November 27]],[[2007]].</ref> Guthrie traveled with migrant workers from Oklahoma to California and learned traditional folk and blues songs. His songs are about his experiences in the [[Dust Bowl]] era during the [[great depression|Great Depression]] and he is known as the "Dust Bowl Troubadour."<ref>Alarik, Scott. [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2005/08/07/robert_burns_unplugged/ Robert Burns unplugged.] ''The Boston Globe'', [[August 7]], [[2005]]. Retrieved on [[December 5]],[[2007]].</ref> Guthrie was associated with, but never a member of, [[communism|Communist]] groups in the United States throughout his life.<ref name="Spivey">Spivey, Christine A. [http://www.loyno.edu/history/journal/1996-7/Spivey.html This Land is Your land, This Land is My Land: Folk Music, Communism, and the Red Scare as a Part of the American Landscape.] ''The Student Historical Journal 1996–1997'', Loyola University New Orleans, 1996.</ref> Guthrie was married three times and fathered eight children, including [[American folk music|American folk]] musician [[Arlo Guthrie]]. He is the grandfather of musician [[Sarah Lee Guthrie]]. Guthrie died from complications of the [[Degenerative disease|degenerative]] [[neurologic]] affliction known as [[Huntington's disease|Huntington's Disease]]. In spite of his illness, during his later years Guthrie served as a [[Figurehead (metaphor)|figurehead]] in the folk movement providing inspiration to a generation of new folk musicians, including mentor relationships with [[Ramblin' Jack Elliott]] and [[Bob Dylan]].<ref name="Reitwiesner">Reitwiesner, William Addams. [http://www.wargs.com/other/guthrie.html Ancestry of Arlo Guthrie.] Retrieved on [[November 7]], [[2007]].</ref> ==Biography== ===Early life: 1912–1930=== [[Image:Guthrie house.jpg|thumb|Woody Guthrie's [[Okfuskee County, Oklahoma]] birthplace as it appeared in 1979]] Guthrie was born in [[Okemah, Oklahoma]] to Nora Belle Sherman and Charles Edward Guthrie.<ref name="Reitwiesner"/> His parents named him after [[Woodrow Wilson]], who was elected [[President of the United States|president]] the year Guthrie was born. Charles Guthrie, known as Charley, was an industrious businessman, owning at one time up to {{nowrap|30 plots}} of land in Okfuskee county. Charley was also actively involved in Oklahoma politics and was a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] candidate for office in the county. The young Guthrie would often accompany his father when Charley made [[Stump speech (politics)|stump speeches]] in the area.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;11</ref> Guthrie's early family life included several tragic fires which caused the loss of their home in Okemah. His sister Clara died in an accidental coal oil fire when Guthrie was seven, and Guthrie's father was severely burned in a later coal oil fire.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;30</ref> The circumstances of these fires, especially Charley's accident, remain unclear. It is not known whether they were in fact accidents or the result of actions by Guthrie's mother who, unknown to the Guthries at the time, was suffering from a degenerative neurological disease.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', pp.&nbsp;26,&nbsp;32,&nbsp;39</ref> Nora Guthrie was eventually committed to the Oklahoma Hospital for the Insane, where she died in 1930. It is believed she was a victim of Huntington's Disease, which would later be the cause of her son's death. It is also suspected that Guthrie's maternal grandfather, George Sherman, suffered from the disease, due to circumstances surrounding his drowning death.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', pp.&nbsp;1,&nbsp;4</ref> With Nora Guthrie institutionalized and Charley Guthrie living in [[Pampa, Texas|Pampa]], [[Texas]] working to repay his debts from unsuccessful real estate deals, Woody Guthrie and his siblings were on their own in Oklahoma and relied on their eldest brother, Roy Guthrie, for support. The fourteen year old Guthrie worked odd jobs around Okemah, bumming meals, and sometimes sleeping at the homes of family friends. According to one story, Guthrie made friends with an African-American blues harmonica player named "George", whom he would watch play at the man's shoe shine booth. Before long Guthrie bought his own harmonica and began playing along.<ref>Guthrie's interview with Alan Lomax at the Library Of Congress Recording Sessions, as recorded in Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;28. But in another interview 14&nbsp;years later, Guthrie claimed that he learned how to play harmonica from a boyhood friend, John Woods, and that his earlier story was false. ibid, p.&nbsp;410.</ref> He seemed to have a natural affinity for music and easily learned to "[[Playing by ear|play by ear]]". He began to use his musical skills around town, playing a song for a sandwich or coins.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;28</ref> Guthrie easily learned old Irish ballads and traditional songs from the parents of friends. Although Guthrie did not excel as a student&mdash;he dropped out of high school in his fourth year and did not graduate&mdash;his teachers described him as bright. He was also an avid reader and read books on a wide range of topics. Friends remember him reading constantly.<ref name=Cray44>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;44</ref> Eventually, Guthrie's father sent for his son to come to Texas where little would change for the now-aspiring musician. Guthrie, 18&nbsp;years old, was reluctant to attend high school classes in Pampa and spent a lot of time learning songs by [[busking]] on the streets and reading at the library. He was growing as a musician, gaining practice by regularly playing at dances for his cousin Jeff Guthrie, a fiddle player. In addition, Guthrie spent much time at the library in Pampa's city hall and wrote a manuscript summarizing everything he had read on the basics of psychology. A librarian in Pampa shelved this manuscript under Guthrie's name, but it was later lost in a library reorganization.<ref name=Cray44>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;44</ref> ===1930s: Traveling era=== At age&nbsp;19 Guthrie met and married his first wife, Mary Jennings, with whom he had three children.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;62</ref> With the advent of the [[Dust Bowl]] era, Guthrie left Texas, leaving Mary behind, and joined the thousands of [[Okies]] who were migrating to [[California]] looking for work. Many of his songs are concerned with the conditions faced by these [[working class]] people. <!---Please do not correct the spelling in this quote. It is like that intentionally, as it it characteristic of the idiomatic speech of the rural US at the time this quote was made. --> {{Quote_box| width=45% |align=right |quote="This song is Copyrighted in U.S., under Seal of Copyright #154085, for a period of 28&nbsp;years, and anybody caught singin' it without our permission, will be mighty good friends of ourn, cause we don't give a dern. Publish it. Write it. Sing it. Swing to it. Yodel it. We wrote it, that's all we wanted to do." |source= Written by Guthrie in the late 1930s on a songbook distributed to listeners of his L.A. radio show "Woody and Lefty Lou" who wanted the words to his recordings.<ref name="curtis">Curtis, Gene. [http://www.tulsaworld.com/webextra/itemsofinterest/centennial/centennial_storypage.asp?ID=070317_1_A11_TheOk43770 Only in Oklahoma: This man was our man.] ''Tulsa World'', [[March 17]], [[2007]]. Retrieved on [[November 6]], [[2007]].</ref> |}} ====California==== In the late 1930s, Guthrie achieved fame in [[Los Angeles]], California, with radio partner Maxine "Lefty Lou" Crissman as a broadcast performer of commercial "[[hillbilly]]" music and traditional folk music.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', pp.&nbsp;90–92,&nbsp;103–112</ref> Guthrie was making enough money to send for his family still living in Texas. While appearing on radio station [[KFVD]], a commercial radio station owned by a populist-minded [[New Deal]] Democrat Frank Burke, Guthrie began to write and perform some of the protest songs that would eventually end up on ''[[Dust Bowl Ballads]]''. It was at KFVD that Guthrie met newscaster Ed Robbin. Robbin was impressed with a song Guthrie wrote about [[Thomas Mooney]], a wrongly convicted man who was, at the time, a leftist [[cause célèbre]].<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;139</ref> Robbin, who became Guthrie's political mentor, introduced Guthrie to Socialists and Communists in Southern California, including [[Will Geer]], who would remain Guthrie's lifelong friend, and helped Guthrie book benefit performances in the Communist circles in Southern California. Despite Guthrie's later claim that, "the best thing that I did in 1936 was to sign up with the Communist Party"<ref>Woody Guthrie Archives. "My Constitution and Me" [http://woodyguthrie.org/ Woody Guthrie Archives Collection]. Manuscripts Box 7 Folder 23.1, Unavailable online, link to Woody Guthrie Archives website for contact information.</ref> he was never a member of the Party. He was, however, noted as a [[fellow traveler]], or an outsider who agrees with the platform of the party without being subject to party discipline.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;151</ref> Though not a party member, Guthrie requested to write a column for the Communist newspaper ''[[Daily Worker|The Daily Worker]]''. The column, titled "Woody Sez", appeared a total of 174&nbsp;times from May&nbsp;1939 to January&nbsp;1940. The columns were not explicitly political, but rather were about current events that Guthrie observed and experienced. The columns were written in an exaggerated hillbilly dialect and usually included a small comic.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;153</ref> The columns were later published as a collection after Guthrie's death.<ref name="Spivey"/> [[Steve Earle]] said of Woody, "I don't think of Woody Guthrie as a political writer. He was a writer who lived in very political times".<ref>Corn, David. [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20021104/corn/2 Jerusalem Calling], ''The Nation'', [[October 17]], [[2002]]. Retrieved on [[November 7]], [[2007]].</ref> With the outbreak of [[world war 2|war]] and the nonaggression pact the [[Soviet Union]] had signed with [[Germany]] in 1939 KFVD radio owners did not want its staff "spinning apologia" for the Soviet Union; both Robbin and Guthrie left the station.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;161</ref> Without the daily radio show, prospects for employment diminished and Guthrie and his family returned to Pampa, Texas. Although Mary Guthrie was happy to return to Texas, the wanderlusting Guthrie soon after accepted Will Geer's invitation to come to [[New York City]] and headed east. ===1940s: Building a legacy=== ====New York City==== Arriving in New York, Guthrie, known as the Oklahoma cowboy, was embraced by its leftist folk music community and slept on a couch in Will Geer's apartment. Guthrie also made what were his first real recordings—several hours of conversation and songs that were recorded by folklorist [[Alan Lomax]] for the [[Library of Congress]]—as well as an album, ''[[Dust Bowl Ballads]]'', for [[Victor Records]] in [[Camden, New Jersey]].<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;174</ref> {{Sound sample box align right|Music sample:}} {{Listen|filename=Woody Guthrie - This Land.ogg|title="This Land is Your Land"|description=Sample of Woody Guthrie's song, "This Land is Your Land"|format=[[Ogg]]}} {{sample box end}} Guthrie was tired of the radio overplaying [[Kate Smith]]'s "[[God Bless America]]." He thought the song was unrealistic and complacent.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;144</ref> Partly inspired by his experiences during a cross-country trip and his distaste for God Bless America, he penned his most famous song, "[[This Land Is Your Land]]" in February&nbsp;1940. It was titled "God Blessed America." The melody is based on the gospel song "Oh My Loving Brother", best known as "Little Darling, Pal of Mine", sung by the country group [[The Carter Family]]. Guthrie signed the manuscript with the comment "All you can write is what you see, Woody G., N.Y., N.Y., N.Y.".<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;165</ref> He protested class inequality in the final verses: :''In the squares of the city, In the shadow of a steeple;'' :''By the relief office, I'd seen my people.'' :''As they stood there hungry, I stood there asking,'' :''Is this land made for you and me?'' :''As I went walking, I saw a sign there,'' :''And on the sign there, It said "no trespassing."'' [In another version, the sign reads "Private Property"] :''But on the other side, it didn't say nothing!'' :''That side was made for you and me.'' These verses were often omitted in subsequent recordings, sometimes by Guthrie. Though the song was written in 1940, it would be four years before it was recorded by Moses Asch in April 1944,<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;287</ref> and even longer until sheet music was produced and given to schools by Howie Richmond.<ref>Joe Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;375</ref> In March&nbsp;1940, Guthrie was invited to play at a benefit hosted by The Steinbeck Committee to Aid Farm Workers to raise money for Migrant Workers. [[John Steinbeck|John Steinbeck's]] book ''[[The Grapes of Wrath]]'' was quite popular. It was at this concert Guthrie met [[Pete Seeger]] and the two men became good friends.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;168</ref> Later Seeger accompanied Guthrie back to Texas to meet other members of the Guthrie family and has recalled an awkward conversation with Mary Guthrie's mother in which she asked Seeger's help in persuading Guthrie to treat her daughter better.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man''p.&nbsp;188</ref> Guthrie had some success in New York at this time as a guest on [[CBS]]'s radio program ''Back Where I Come From'' and used his influence to get a spot on the show for his friend [[Lead Belly|Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter]]. Ledbetter's Tenth Street apartment was a gathering spot for the left wing musician circle in New York at the time and Guthrie and Ledbetter were good friends after having busked together at bars in Harlem.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', pp.&nbsp;194,&nbsp;195</ref> In September&nbsp;1940 Guthrie was invited by the Model Tobacco company to host their radio program "Pipe Smoking Time". Guthrie was paid $180 a week, an impressive salary in 1940.<ref name=cray197>Cray, ''Ramblin Man''p.&nbsp;197</ref> He was finally making enough money to send regular payments back to Mary and eventually brought Mary and the children to New York, where the family lived in an apartment on [[Central Park West]]. The reunion represented Woody's desire to be a better father and husband. He said "I have to set [''sic''] real hard to think of being a dad".<ref name=cray197>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;197</ref> Unfortunately for the newly relocated family, Guthrie quit after the seventh broadcast, claiming he had begun to feel the show was too restricting when he was told what to sing.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man''p.&nbsp;200</ref> Disgruntled with New York, Guthrie packed up Mary and his children in a new car and headed west to California.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man''p.&nbsp;199</ref> ====Pacific Northwest==== In May&nbsp;1941, after a brief stay in Los Angeles, Guthrie moved the family to [[Washington]] in the [[Pacific northwest]] on the promise of a job. A documentary, directed by Gunther von Fritsch, was being created in support of the [[Bonneville Power Administration|Bonneville Power Administration's]] building of the [[Grand Coulee Dam]] on the [[Columbia River]] and needed a narrator. Supported by a recommendation from Alan Lomax, the original idea was to have Guthrie narrate the film and sing songs onscreen. The original project was projected to take one year to complete but when filmmakers became worried about the implications of casting such a political figure, Guthrie's role was minimized. He was hired instead for one month only by the [[United States Department of the Interior|Department of the Interior]] to write songs about the [[Columbia River]] and the building of the federal dams for the documentary's soundtrack. Although the film was never released in anything but a limited form, some good did come of the project. When Guthrie and a driver toured the Columbia River and the Pacific Northwest, Guthrie said he "couldn't believe it, it's a paradise",<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.209</ref> and was creatively inspired. In one month Guthrie wrote 26&nbsp;songs including three of his most famous: "[[Roll On Columbia]]", "[[Pastures of Plenty]]", and "[[Grand Coulee Dam]]".<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;195,&nbsp;196,&nbsp;202,&nbsp;205,&nbsp;212</ref> The surviving songs were eventually released as ''[[The Columbia River Collection (Woody Guthrie Album)|Columbia River Songs]]''. At the conclusion of the month in Washington, Guthrie wanted to return to New York. Tired of the continual uprooting, Mary Guthrie told him to go without her and the children.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.213</ref> Although Guthrie would see Mary again, once on a tour through Los Angeles with the Almanac Singers, it was essentially the end of their marriage. Divorce was difficult with Mary being a member of the [[Catholic]] Church, but she reluctantly agreed in December&nbsp;1943.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;266</ref> [[Image:Woody Guthrie NYWTS.jpg|left|thumb|Woody Guthrie, 1943]] ====Almanac Singers==== {{main|Almanac Singers}} Following the conclusion of his work in Washington State, Guthrie corresponded with [[Pete Seeger]] about Seeger's newly formed folk-protest group, the [[Almanac Singers]]. Guthrie returned to New York with plans to tour the country as a member of the group.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.192-193,195–231</ref> The singers originally worked out of a loft in New York City hosting regular concerts called [[hootenanny]]s, a word Pete and Woody had picked up in their cross-country travels. The singers eventually outgrew the space and moved into the cooperative Almanac House in [[Greenwich Village]]. Initially Guthrie helped write and sing what the Almanacs Singers termed "peace" songs. After America's entry into [[World War II]] the topics of their songs became more specifically anti-fascist. The members of the Almanac Singers and residents of the Almanac House were a loosely defined group of musicians, though the 'core' members included Guthrie, [[Pete Seeger]], [[Millard Lampell]] and [[Lee Hays]]. In keeping with common socialist ideals, meals, chores and rent at the Almanac House were shared. The Sunday hootenannys were good opportunities to collect donation money for rent. Songs written in the Almanac House had shared songwriting credits between all the members, although in the case of "[[Union Maid]]", members would later state that Guthrie wrote the song, ensuring that his children would receive residuals.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;220</ref> In the Almanac House Guthrie added an air of authenticity to their work since Guthrie was a "real" working class Oklahoman. "There was the heart of America personified in Woody....And for a New York Left that was primarily Jewish, first or second generation American, and was desperately trying to get Americanized, I think a figure like Woody was of great, great importance", a friend of the group, [[Irwin Silber]], would say.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;216</ref> Woody would routinely emphasize his working class image, reject songs he felt were not in the country blues vein he was familiar with, and would rarely contribute to household chores. House member [[Sis Cunningham|Agnes "Sis" Cunningham]], another Okie, would later recall that Woody, "loved people to think of him as a real working class person and not an intellectual".<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;231</ref> Guthrie contributed songwriting and authenticity in much the same capacity for Pete Seeger's post-Almanac Singers project [[People's Songs]], a newsletter and booking organization for labor singers, founded in 1945.<ref name="PS1">People's Songs Inc. ''People's Songs Newsletter, Vol 1. No 1.''. 1945. [[Old Town School of Folk Music]] resource center collection. </ref> ====''Bound for Glory''==== Guthrie was a prolific writer, penning thousands of pages of unpublished poems and prose, including many written while living in New York City. After a recording session with Alan Lomax, Lomax suggested Guthrie write an autobiography; in Lomax's opinion, Guthrie's descriptions of growing up were some of the best accounts of American childhood that he had read.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;200,&nbsp;201</ref> It was during this time that Guthrie met a dancer in New York who would become his second wife, [[Marjorie Mazia]]. Mazia was an instructor at the prestigious [[Martha Graham Center of Contemporary Dance|Martha Graham Dance School]] where she was assisting [[Sophie Maslow]] with her piece ''Folksay''. Based on the folklore and poetry collected by [[Carl Sandburg]], it included the adaptation of some of Guthrie's ''Dust Bowl Ballads'' for the dance studio.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;200</ref> He continued writing songs and, as Lomax had suggested, began work on his autobiography. The end product, [[Bound for Glory (book)|''Bound For Glory'']] was completed in no small part due to the patient editing assistance of Mazia and was first published by E.P. Dutton in 1943.<ref>Amazon.com. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007E0CZ2 ''Bound for Glory'' (Unknown Binding).] Retrieved on [[November 27]], [[2007]].</ref> It is a vivid tale told in the artist's own down-home dialect, with the flair and imagery of a true storyteller. ''Library Journal'' complained about the "Too careful reproduction of illiterate speech."<ref name=laborie>LaBorie, Tim. [http://www.musicianguide.com/biographies/1608001791/Woody-Guthrie.html Woody Guthrie biography.] MusicianGuide.com. Retrieved on [[January 8]], [[2008]].</ref> But Clifton Fadiman, reviewing the book in the ''New York Times'', paid the author a fine tribute: "Some day people are going to wake up to the fact that Woody Guthrie and the ten thousand songs that leap and tumble off the strings of his music box are a national possession like Yellowstone and Yosemite, and part of the best stuff this country has to show the world."<ref name=laborie>LaBorie, Tim. [http://www.musicianguide.com/biographies/1608001791/Woody-Guthrie.html Woody Guthrie biography.] MusicianGuide.com. Retrieved on [[January 8]], [[2008]].</ref> A [[Bound for Glory (film)|film adaptation]] of ''Bound for Glory'' was released in 1976.<ref>Internet Movie Database. [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074235/ ''Bound for Glory'']. Retrieved on [[November 26]], [[2007]].</ref> ====The Asch recordings==== In 1944, Guthrie met [[Moses Asch|Moses "Moe" Asch]] of [[Folkways Records]], for whom he first recorded "This Land Is Your Land", and over the next few years recorded "[[Worried Man Blues]]", along with [[Woody Guthrie discography#The Asch Recordings|hundreds of other songs]]. These recordings would later be released by Folkways and Stinson Records who had joint distribution rights to the recordings.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;417</ref> The Folkways recordings are still available today with the most complete series of these sessions, culled from dates with Asch, simply titled ''[[The Asch Recordings (Woody Guthrie Album)|The Asch Recordings]]''. ====World War II years==== Guthrie believed performing his anti-fascist songs and poems at home were the best use of his talents; Guthrie lobbied the United States Army to accept him as a USO performer instead of in the draft. When Guthrie's attempts failed, his friend [[Cisco Houston]], pressured Guthrie along with [[Jim Longhi]] to join the [[United States Merchant Marine|U.S. Merchant Marine]].<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', pp.&nbsp;277–280,&nbsp;287–291</ref> Guthrie served as a mess man and dish washer, and he frequently sang for the crew and troops to buoy the spirits on transatlantic voyages. Guthrie made attempts to write about his experience in the Merchant Marine but was never satisfied with the results. Longhi later wrote about these experiences in his book ''Woody, Cisco and Me''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Longhi |first=Jim |authorlink= Jim Longhi |title= "Woody, Cisco and Me" |year=1997 |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=0252022769 }}</ref> The book offers a rare first-hand account of Guthrie during his military service. In 1945, Guthrie's association with Communism made him ineligible for further service in the Merchant Marine and he was drafted into the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]].<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', pp.&nbsp;302–303</ref> While he was on [[Wiktionary:furlough|furlough]] from the Army Guthrie and [[Marjorie Guthrie|Marjorie]] were married.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;312</ref> After his discharge, they moved into a house on Mermaid Avenue in [[Coney Island]] and over time had four children. One of their children, Cathy, died as a result of a fire at age four, sending Guthrie into a serious depression.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;344–351 </ref> Their other children were named Joady, Nora and Arlo. [[Arlo Guthrie|Arlo]] followed in his father's footsteps as a singer-songwriter. During this period, Guthrie wrote and recorded, ''[[Songs to Grow on for Mother and Child]]'', a collection of [[children's music]], which includes the song "Goodnight Little Arlo (Goodnight Little Darlin')", written when Arlo was about nine years old. The 1948 [[Accidents and incidents in aviation|crash]] of a plane carrying 28 Mexican farm workers from [[Oakland, California]], on their way to be [[deportation|deported]] back to Mexico inspired Woody to write "[[Deportee (Plane Wreck At Los Gatos)]]".<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;364–365</ref> ====Mermaid Avenue==== The years living on Mermaid Avenue were among Guthrie's most productive periods as a writer. His extensive writings from this time were archived and maintained by Marjorie and later his estate, mostly handled by Guthrie's daughter Nora. Several of the manuscripts contain scribblings by a young Arlo and the other Guthrie offspring.<ref>{{cite web | last = WoodyGuthrie.org| title = Woody Guthrie Archives | url=http://www.woodyguthrie.org/archives/archivesindex.htm | accessdate = 2007-04-10 }} </ref> During this time [[Ramblin' Jack Elliott]] studied extensively under Guthrie, visiting his home and observing how he wrote and performed. Elliott, like Bob Dylan later, idolized Guthrie and was inspired by his idiomatic performance style and repertoire. Due to Guthrie's illness, Dylan and Guthrie's son Arlo would later claim that they learned much of Guthrie's performance style from Elliott. When asked about Arlo's claim, Elliott said, "I was flattered. Dylan learned from me the same way I learned from Woody. Woody didn't teach me. He just said, If you want to learn something, just steal it — that's the way I learned from Lead Belly."<ref>{{cite web | last = Reitwiesner | first = William Addams | title = Guthrie Family Ancestry | url=http://ramblinjack.com/bio2.html | accessdate = 2007-07-17 }}</ref> ===1950s and 1960s=== ====Deteriorating health==== By the late 1940s, Guthrie's health was worsening and his behavior becoming extremely erratic. He received various diagnoses (including [[alcoholism]] and [[schizophrenia]]), but in 1952 was finally diagnosed to be suffering from [[Huntington's Disease]], the [[genetic disorder]] believed to have caused the death of his mother. Believing him to be a danger to their children, Marjorie suggested he return to California without her and they eventually divorced.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;388–394,&nbsp;399</ref> Upon his return to California, Guthrie lived in a compound owned by Will Geer with blacklisted singers and actors waiting out the political climate. As his health worsened he met and married his third wife, Anneke Van Kirk, and they had a child, Lorina Lynn. The couple moved to Florida briefly, living in a bus on land owned by a friend. Guthrie's arm was hurt in a campfire accident when gasoline used to start the campfire exploded. Although in time he regained movement in the arm he was not able to play the guitar again. In 1954 the couple returned to New York.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;418–419</ref> Shortly after that, Anneke filed for divorce, a result of the strain of caring for Guthrie. Anneke left New York, allowing friends to adopt Lorina Lynn. After the divorce, Guthrie's second wife Marjorie reentered his life. Marjorie cared for him and assisted him until his death. Guthrie, increasingly unable to control his muscle movements, was hospitalized at [[Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital]] from 1956 to 1961, at Brooklyn State Hospital until 1966,<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;433–439</ref> and finally at [[Creedmoor Psychiatric Center]] until his death.<ref>Klein, ''Woody Guthrie'', p.&nbsp;460 </ref> Marjorie and the children visited Guthrie at Greystone every Sunday. They answered fan mail and played on the hospital grounds. Eventually a longtime fan of Guthrie invited the family to his nearby home for these Sunday visits lasting until Guthrie was moved to the Brooklyn State Hospital, which was closer to where Marjorie lived. Guthrie's illness was essentially untreated due to a lack of information about the disease at the time. However, his death helped raise awareness of the disease and led Marjorie to help found the Committee to Combat Huntington's Disease, which became the [[Huntington's Disease Society of America]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Arévalo J, Wojcieszek J, Conneally PM |title=Tracing Woody Guthrie and Huntington's disease |journal=Semin Neurol |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=209–23 |year=2001 |month=June |pmid=11442329 |doi= |url=}}</ref> None of Guthrie's three remaining children with Marjorie have developed symptoms of Huntington's, but two of Mary Guthrie's children (Gwendolyn and Sue) were diagnosed with the disease. Both died at 41&nbsp;years of age.<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;394</ref> ====Folk revival and Guthrie's death==== In the late 1950s and early 1960s, a new generation of young people were inspired by folk singers including Guthrie. These "folk revivalists" became more politically aware in their music. The [[American folk music revival|American Folk Revival]] was beginning to take place, focused on the issues of the day, such as the [[American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)|civil rights movement]] and [[Free Speech Movement|free speech movement]]. Pockets of folk singers were forming around the country in places like [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] and the [[Greenwich Village]] neighborhood of [[New York City]]. Many of these musicians had heard of Guthrie, but one of the first to visit him in the Brooklyn State Hospital was [[Bob Dylan]]. Dylan idolized Guthrie, calling him his hero. Soon after learning of Guthrie's whereabouts, these new, young folk singers regularly visited him during the final years of his life, playing his own songs for him as well as their originals.<ref>{{cite web | last = Reitwiesner | first = William Addams | title = Guthrie Family Ancestry | date=[[May 31]], [[1983]]|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896825,00.html | publisher=Time Magazine |accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref> Guthrie died of complications of Huntington's disease in 1967. By the time of his death, his work had been discovered by a new audience, introduced to them in part through [[Bob Dylan]], [[Pete Seeger]], [[Ramblin' Jack Elliott]], his ex-wife Marjorie and other new members of the folk revival, and his son [[Arlo Guthrie|Arlo]]. Since his death, artists have paid tribute to Guthrie by [[Cover versions| covering]] his songs or by dedicating songs to him. One of the first artists to do so was Scottish folk artist [[Donovan]], who covered Guthrie's "Car, Car (Riding in My Car)" on his 1965 debut album ''What's Bin Did And What's Bin Hid''.<ref>CD Universe. [http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=6840113&BAB=E ''What's Bin Did And What's Bin Hid'' by Donovan.] Retrieved on [[November 27]], [[2007]].</ref> ==Musical legacy== {{Quote_box| width=45% |align=right |quote=''"I hate a song that makes you think that you are not any good. I hate a song that makes you think that you are just born to lose. Bound to lose. No good to nobody. No good for nothing.'' ''Because you are too old or too young or too fat or too slim too ugly or too this or too that. Songs that run you down or poke fun at you on account of your bad luck or hard traveling.'' ''I am out to fight those songs to my very last breath of air and my last drop of blood. I am out to sing songs that will prove to you that this is your world and that if it has hit you pretty hard and knocked you for a dozen loops, no matter what color, what size you are, how you are built.'' ''I am out to sing the songs that make you take pride in yourself and in your work."''<ref>Cray, ''Ramblin Man'', p.&nbsp;285</ref>|source=Guthrie on songwriting |}} ===Foundation and Archives=== {{main|Woody Guthrie Foundation}} The Woody Guthrie Foundation is a non-profit organization that serves as administrator and caretaker of the Woody Guthrie Archives. The archive houses the largest collection of Guthrie material in the world.<ref>BMI News. [http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/535470 3rd Annual Woody Guthrie Fellowship Program Opens]. [[September 21]], [[2007]]. Retrieved on [[November 13]], [[2007]]. </ref> Guthrie's unrecorded written lyrics housed at the Archives have been the starting point of several albums including the [[Wilco]] and [[Billy Bragg]] albums ''[[Mermaid Avenue]]'' and ''[[Mermaid Avenue Vol. II]]''.<ref>DVD Talk. [http://www.dvdtalk.com/noraguthrieinterview.html Nora Guthrie Interview]. Retrieved on [[January 28]], [[2008]]</ref> ===Folk Festival=== {{main|Woody Guthrie Folk Festival}} The [[Woody Guthrie Folk Festival]] is held annually in mid-July to commemorate Guthrie's life and music. The festival is held on the weekend closest to Guthrie's birth date ([[July 14]]) in Guthrie's hometown of [[Okemah, Oklahoma]]. Planned and implemented annually by the Woody Guthrie Coalition, a non-profit corporation, the goal is simply to ensure Guthrie's musical legacy.<ref>WoodyGuthrie.com. [http://www.woodyguthrie.com/ Woody Guthrie Coalition Board of Directors]. Retrieved on [[September 27]], [[2007]].</ref><ref name="DirtyLinen103">Eshleman, Annette C.[http://www.dirtylinen.com/103/concerts.html Concert Review - Woody Guthrie Folk Festival]. ''Dirty Linen'', #103, December 2002/January 2003. Retrieved on [[September 21]], [[2007]].</ref>The Woody Guthrie Coalition commissioned a local Creek Indian sculptor to cast a full-body bronze statue of Guthrie and his guitar, complete with the guitar's well-known inscription: "This machine kills fascists".<ref name="DunbarOrtiz">Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne. FindArticles.com. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_10_56/ai_n16126173 Bound for Glory - Indeed!] Review of ''Ramblin' Man: The Life and Times of Woody Guthrie'' by Ed Cray. March 2005. Retrieved on [[September 17]], [[2007]].</ref> The statue, sculpted by artist Dan Brooks, stands along Okemah's main street in the heart of downtown and was unveiled the inaugural year of the festival.<ref name="3rdannual">3nd Annual Woody Guthrie Free Folk Festival. July 12–16, 2000. (Program booklet.)</ref> ===Jewish Songs=== Marjorie Mazia was born Marjorie Greenblatt and her mother, Aliza Greenblatt was a well known Yiddish poet. With her, Guthrie wrote numerous Jewish lyrics. Guthrie’s Jewish lyrics can be traced to the unusual collaborative relationship he had with his mother-in-law, who lived across from Guthrie and his family in Brooklyn in the 1940s. Guthrie – the Oklahoma troubadour – and Greenblatt – the Jewish wordsmith – often discussed their artistic projects and critiqued each other’s works, finding common ground in their shared love of culture and social justice, despite very different backgrounds. Their collaboration flourished in 1940s Brooklyn, where Jewish culture was interwoven with music, modern dance, poetry and anti-fascist, pro-labor activism. Guthrie was inspired to write songs that came directly out of this unlikely relationship, both personal and political; he clearly identified the Jewish struggle with that of his fellow Okies and other oppressed and disenfranchised peoples. These lyrics were re-discovered by Nora Guthrie and were set to music by the Jewish Klezmer group the Klezmatics.<ref name="woodyguthrie.org>Happy Joyous Hanukkah & Wonder Wheel [http://www.woodyguthrie.org/merchandise/klezmatics.htm]</ref> ===Tributes=== On [[January 20]], [[1968]], three months following Guthrie's death, [[Harold Leventhal]] produced "A Tribute to Woody Guthrie" at New York City's [[Carnegie Hall]].<ref>WoodyGuthrie.org. [http://www.woodyguthrie.org/harold.htm Harold Leventhal: The Fifth Weaver.] Retrieved on [[November 14]], [[2007]].</ref> Performers included Jack Elliott, Pete Seeger, Tom Paxton, Bob Dylan and The Band, Judy Collins, Arlo Guthrie, Richie Havens, Odetta and others. Leventhal repeated the tribute on [[September 12]], [[1970]] at the [[Hollywood Bowl]]. Recordings of the two concerts were eventually released as 2 LPs then later as one CD.<ref>The Band's website. [http://theband.hiof.no/albums/tribute_to_woody_guthrie.html ''Various Artists: A Tribute to Woody Guthrie, Part 1.''] Retrieved on [[November 14]], [[2007]].</ref> In September&nbsp;1996 Cleveland's [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum]] and [[Case Western Reserve University]] cohosted ''Hard Travelin': The Life and Legacy of Woody Guthrie'', a 10-day conference of panel sessions, lectures, and concerts. The conference became the first in what would become the museum's annual American Music Masters Series conference.<ref>Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. [http://www.rockhall.com/public/american-music-masters American Music Masters Series.] Retrieved Feb. 12, 2008.</ref> Highlights included Arlo Guthrie's [[Keynote|keynote address]], a Saturday night musical jamboree at Cleveland's Odeon Theater, and a Sunday night concert at Severance Hall, the home of the Cleveland Orchestra.<ref> Barden, Tom. [http://www.jstor.org/view/00218715/ap020453/02a00090/0 The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum's American Masters Series: Woody Guthrie, 1996-Jimmie Rodgers, 1997-Robert Johnson, 1998.]''Journal of American Folklore'', Vol. 112, No. 446, (Autumn 1999), p.551-4. Retrieved Feb. 12, 2008</ref> Musicians performing over the course of the conference included Arlo Guthrie, [[Bruce Springsteen]], [[Billy Bragg]], Pete Seeger, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, [[The Indigo Girls]], [[Ellis Paul]], [[Jimmy LaFave]], [[Ani DiFranco]], and others.<ref> Robicheau, Paul. Ellis Paul’s got Woody Guthrie under his skin. ''Boston Globe'', [[September 20]], [[1996]].</ref> In 1999, [[Wesleyan University Press]] published a collection of essays from the conference<ref>Santelli, Robert. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0819563919 ''Hard Travelin': The Life and Legacy of Woody Guthrie], Wesleyan University Press, 1999. ISBN 0819563919 </ref> and DiFranco's record label, [[Righteous Babe Records|Righteous Babe]], released a compilation of the Severance Hall concert, '''Til We Outnumber 'Em'', in 2000.<ref>Righteous Babe Website. [http://www.righteousbabe.com/store/prod_albums.asp?id=350 ''Till we Outnumber 'Em'' track listing.]Retrieved on [[April 9]] [[2007]].</ref> From 1999 to 2002 the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service presented the traveling exhibit, "This Land Is Your Land: The Life and Legacy of Woody Guthrie". In collaboration with Nora Guthrie, the Smithsonian exhibition draws from rarely seen objects, illustrations, film footage, and recorded performances to reveal a complex man who was at once poet, musician, protester, idealist, itinerant hobo, and folk legend.<ref>Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. [http://www.sites.si.edu/exhibitions/exhibits/archived_exhibitions/woody_gutherie.htm Archive: Past Exhibitions]. Retrieved on [[November 13]], [[2007]].</ref> In 2003 [[Jimmy LaFave]] produced a Woody Guthrie tribute show called Ribbon of Highway, Endless Skyway. The ensemble show toured around the country and included a rotating cast of singer-songwriters individually performing Guthrie's songs. Interspersed between songs were Guthrie's philosophical writings read by a narrator. In addition to LaFave, members of the rotating cast included Ellis Paul, Slaid Cleaves, Eliza Gilkyson, Joel Rafael, husband-wife duo [[Sarah Lee Guthrie & Johnny Irion|Sarah Lee Guthrie]] (Woody Guthrie's granddaughter) and [[Sarah Lee Guthrie & Johnny Irion|Johnny Irion]], [[Michael Fracasso]], and [[The Burns Sisters]]. Oklahoma songwriter Bob Childers, sometimes called "the Dylan of the Dust", served as narrator.<ref name="PropagandaMedia">Propaganda Media Group, Inc. [http://www.propagandamediagroup.com/artists/ribbon_of_highway_endless_skyway/bio.htm Ribbon of Highway - Endless Skyway: Concert in the Spirit of Woody Guthrie]. Retrieved on [[February 6]], [[2007]].</ref><ref>RibbonofHighway.com. [http://www.ribbonofhighway.com/ Ribbon of Highway, Endless Skyway website.] Retrieved on [[January 25]], [[2007]].</ref> When word spread about the tour, performers began contacting LaFave, whose only prerequisite was to have an inspirational connection to Guthrie. Each artist chose the Guthrie songs that he or she would perform as part of the tribute. LaFave said, "It works because all the performers are Guthrie enthusiasts in some form".<ref name="Conroe Courier">Martinez, Rebekah.[http://www.hcnonline.com/site/index.cfm?newsid=6963646&BRD=1574&PAG=461&dept_id=532207&rfi=8 Tribute to Woody Guthrie Tour makes a stop in Conroe Feb. 16], ''The Courier'', (Conroe, TX.), [[February 7]], [[2003]]. Retrieved on [[February 7]], [[2007]].</ref> The inaugural performance of the Ribbon of Highway tour took place on [[February 5]], [[2003]] at the [[Ryman Auditorium]] in Nashville. The abbreviated show was a featured segment of "Nashville Sings Woody", yet another tribute concert to commemorate the music of Woody Guthrie held during the Folk Alliance Conference. The cast of "Nashville Sings Woody", a benefit for the Woody Guthrie Foundation and Archives, also included [[Arlo Guthrie]], [[Marty Stuart]], [[Nanci Griffith]], [[Guy Clark]], [[Ramblin' Jack Elliott]], [[Janis Ian]], and others.<ref name="2003FolkAlliance">Fairleigh Dickinson University. [http://alpha.fdu.edu/wfdu/Folk%20Alliance.htm 15th Annual Folk Alliance Conference: Nashville Sings Woody]. Retrieved on [[February 6]], [[2007]].</ref> Woody and Marjorie Guthrie were honored at a musical celebration featuring Billy Bragg and the band [[Brad (band)|Brad]] on [[October 17]], [[2007]] at Webster Hall in New York City. Steve Earle also performed. The event was hosted by actor/activist [[Tim Robbins]] to benefit the Huntington¹s Disease Society of America to commemorate the organization's 40th&nbsp;Anniversary.<ref>BrooklynVegan.com.[http://www.brooklynvegan.com/archives/2007/09/a_woody_guthrie.html Woody Guthrie Benefit @ Webster Hall]. Retrieved on [[November 8]], [[2007]].</ref> ==Posthumous honors== Although Guthrie's catalogue never brought him many awards while he was alive, in 1988 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (the same year his protégé Bob Dylan was inducted),<ref>Rock and Roll Hall of Fame website. [http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/woody-guthrie Woody Guthrie biography.] Retrieved on [[November 3]], [[2007]].</ref> and in 2000 he was honored with the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]].<ref>Grammy Foundation website. [http://www.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Awards/Lifetime_Awards/ Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awards - Past Recipients.] Retrieved on [[November 3]], [[2007]].</ref> In 1987 "[[Roll On Columbia]]" was chosen as the official Washington State Folk Song,<ref>Netstate.com. [http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/song/wa_roll_on_columbia.htm The Washington State Folk Song.] Retrieved on [[November 27]], [[2007]].</ref> and in 2001 Guthrie's "Oklahoma Hills" was chosen to be the official state folk song of Oklahoma.<ref name="curtis"/> On September 26, 1992, The Peace Abbey, a multi-faith retreat center located in Sherborn, Massachusetts, awarded Guthrie their Courage of Conscience Award for his social activism and artistry in song which conveyed the plight of the common person. <ref>The Peace Abbey. [http://www.peaceabbey.org/awards/peace_award.htm The Courage of Conscience Award.] Retrieved April 15, 2008.</ref> On [[June 26]], [[1998]], as part of its Legends of American Music series, the [[United States Postal Service]] issued 45 million 32-cent stamps honoring folk musicians Huddie Ledbetter, Guthrie, Sonny Terry and Josh White. The four musicians were represented on sheets of 20&nbsp;stamps.<ref>United States Postal Service. [http://shop.usps.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10152&storeId=10001&productId=17017&langId=-1&parent_category_rn=13383 Legends of American Music.] [[June 26]], [[1998]]. Retrieved on [[January 7]], [[2008]].</ref> In 2006, the Klezmatics set Jewish lyrics written by Guthrie to music. The resulting album, Wonder Wheel, won the Grammy award for best contemporary world music album.<ref>[http://cdbaby.com/cd/klezmatics]</ref> On [[April 27]], [[2007]], Guthrie was one of four Okemah natives inducted into Okemah's Hall of Fame during the town's Pioneer Day weekend of festivities.<ref> Elliott, Matt. [http://www.tulsaworld.com/common/printerfriendlystory.aspx?articleID=070411_1_A2_TTWor08307 Hometown honor for Guthrie, 3&nbsp;others.] ''Tulsa World'', [[April 11]], [[2007]], p.&nbsp;A2. Retrieved on [[January 9]], [[2007]].</ref> On February 10, 2008, ''The Live Wire: Woody Guthrie in Performance 1949'', a rare live recording released in cooperation with the Woody Guthrie Foundation, was the recipient of a [[Grammy Award]] in the category [[Best Historical Album]].<ref>Grammy.com. [http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/50th_Show/list.aspx 50th annual Grammy Awards Nomination List.] (see "Category 91".) Retrieved on [[February 8]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>Himes, Geoffrey. [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/02/arts/music/02himes.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5124&en=732c25c27d89715f&ex=1346299200&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink Dead 40 Years, Woody Guthrie Stays Busy.] ''The New York Times'', [[September 2]], [[2007]]. Retrieved on [[February 8]], [[2008]].</ref> ==Selected discography== {{main|Woody Guthrie discography}} Many Guthrie tracks have been repeatedly repackaged and reordered. Items here are listed in order of the most recent published date, not original recording date.<ref>WoodyGuthrie.org. [http://woodyguthrie.org/biography/selecteddiscography.htm Selected Discography]. Retrieved on [[November 14]], [[2007]]. </ref> :{| border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show; {{{1| }}}" |- bgcolor='#FFDEAD' !Year !Title !Record Label |- |1940 |''[[Dust Bowl Ballads]]''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=939 Dust Bowl Ballads]. ''FW05212 1964''. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |[[Folkways Records|Smithsonian Folkways]] |- |1972 |''Greatest Songs of Woody Guthrie''<ref>Vanguard Records. [http://www.vanguardrecords.com/Scripts/prodView.asp?idproduct=520 Greatest Songs of Woody Guthrie]. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |[[Vanguard Records|Vanguard]] |- |1987 |''Columbia River Collection''<ref>Rounder Records. [http://www.rounder.com/index.php?id=album.php&musicalGroupId=1427&catalog_id=5659 Columbia River Collection]. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |[[Rounder Records]] |- |1988 |''Folkways: The Original Vision'' (Woody and Leadbelly)<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=3052 Folkways: The Original Vision (Woody and Leadbelly)]. ''SFW40000 2005'' Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |1988 |''Library of Congress Recordings''<ref>Rounder Records. [http://www.rounder.com/index.php?id=album.php&musicalGroupId=1427&catalog_id=5649 Library of Congress Recordings]. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Rounder Records |- |1989 |''Woody Guthrie Sings Folk Songs''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2091 Woody Guthrie Sings Folk Songs]. 'SFW40007 1989'. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |1990 |''Struggle''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2100 Struggle]. ''SFW40025 1990''. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |1991 |''Cowboy Songs on Folkways''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2296 Cowboy Songs on Folkways]. ''SFW40043 1991''. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |1991 |''[[Songs to Grow on for Mother and Child]]''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2281 Songs to Grow on for Mother and Child]. ''SFW45035 1991''. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |1992 |''Nursery Days''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2280 Nursery Days]. ''SFW45036 1992''. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |1994 |''Long Ways to Travel: The Unreleased Folkways Masters, 1944–1949''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2322 Long Ways to Travel: The Unreleased Folkways Masters, 1944–1949]. ''SFW40046 1994''. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |1996 |''Almanac Singers'' |UNI/MCA |- |1996 |''Ballads of Sacco & Vanzetti''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2380 Ballads of Sacco & Vanzetti]. ''SFW40060 1996''. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |1997 |''This Land Is Your Land, The Asch Recordings, Vol.1''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2652 This Land Is Your Land, The Asch Recordings, Vol.1] ''SFW40100 1997''. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |1997 |''Muleskinner Blues, The Asch Recordings, Vol.2''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2405 This Land Is Your Land, The Asch Recordings, Vol. 2]. ''SFW40101 1997''. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |1998 |''Hard Travelin', The Asch Recordings, Vol.3''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2416 This Land Is Your Land, The Asch Recordings, Vol. 3]. Retrieved on [[November 11]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |1999 |''Buffalo Skinners, The Asch Recordings, Vol.4''<ref>Smithsonian Folkways. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2417 This Land Is Your Land, The Asch Recordings, Vol. 4]. Retrieved [[November 15]], [[2007]]</ref> |Smithsonian Folkways |- |2007 |''The Live Wire: Woody Guthrie In Performance 1949''<ref>Woody Guthrie Publications. [http://woodyguthrie.org/mm5/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=TWGS&Product_Code=TLW&Category_Code=NRS The Live Wire: Woody Guthrie in Performance 1949]. Retrieved on [[November 15]], [[2007]]</ref> |Woody Guthrie Publications |} ==See also== *[[:Category:Woody Guthrie songs|List of songs by Woody Guthrie]] *[[:Category:Woody Guthrie albums|List of albums by Woody Guthrie]] ==References== ===Citations=== {{Reflist|2}} ===Printed sources=== *{{cite book |last=Cray|first=Ed |authorlink= Ed Cray |title= Ramblin Man: The Life and Times of Woody Guthrie |year=2004 |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] |isbn=0393327361 }} * {{cite book |last=Longhi |first=Jim |authorlink= Jim Longhi |title= "Woody, Cisco and Me" |year=1997 |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=0252022769 }} * {{cite book |last=Klein |first=Joe |authorlink= Joe Klein |title= "Woody Guthrie: A Life" |year=1980 |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=0-385-33385-4 }} * {{cite book |last=Santelli| first=Robert|authorkink= Robert Santelli |title="Hard Travelin: The Life and Legacy of Woody Guthrie"|publisher=[[Wesleyan University Press]]|year=1999 |isbn=0819563919 }} == Further reading/listening == * Down Home Radio Show. [http://www.downhomeradioshow.com/2007/01/leadbelly-woody-guthrie-live-on-wnyc-1940 LeadBelly & Woody Guthrie live on WNYC Radio, Dec. 1940]. Audio re-broadcast of a 1940 radio show. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. *Earle, Steve. [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20030721/earle Woody Guthrie]. ''The Nation'', [[July 21]], [[2003]]. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. * Electronic Frontier Foundation. [http://www.eff.org/files/filenode/JibJab_v_Ludlow/20040823_Jibjab_Copyright_Scans.pdf Scanned images of some of Woody Guthrie's original works.]Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. *Jackson, Mark Allen.[http://www.upress.state.ms.us/books/840 ''Prophet Singer: The Voice and Vision of Woody Guthrie'']. University Press of Mississippi, January, 2007. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. * La Chapelle, Peter. [http://hnn.us/articles/42602.html Is Country Music Inherently Conservative?] History News Network. Nov. 12, 2007. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. *La Chapelle, Peter. [http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/10311.html ''Proud to Be an Okie: Cultural Politics, Country Music, and Migration to Southern California'']. University of California Press, 2007. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. *Library of Congress. [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wwghtml/wwgtimeline.html Timeline of Woody Guthrie (1912–1967)]. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. *Library of Congress. [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wwghtml/ Woody Guthrie and the Archive of American Folk Song: Correspondence, 1940–1950]. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. *Marroquin, Danny. [http://www.popmatters.com/music/features/060804-okemah.shtml Walking the Long Road.] PopMatters.com. Aug. 4, 2006. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. *Public Broadcasting Service. [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/guthrie_w.html ''Woody Guthrie: Ain't Got No Home'']. Documentary from PBS' [[American Masters]] series, July 2006. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. *University of Oregon. [http://libweb.uoregon.edu/ec/wguthrie/ ''Roll On Columbia: Woody Guthrie and the Bonneville Power Administration'']. Video documentary. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. *University of Virginia. [http://www.lib.virginia.edu/small/exhibits/music/audio/mp3/this_land.mp3 Guthrie singing "This Land Is Your Land"]. MP3 recording. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. *Symphony Silicon Valley Concert Recordings. [http://www.symphonysiliconvalley.org/concerts.php?pagecontID=9 David Amram's ''Symphonic Variations on a Song by Woody Guthrie''] Recorded [[September 30]], [[2007]]. Audio recording. Retrieved on [[January 11]], [[2008]]. *WoodyGuthrie.de. [http://www.woodyguthrie.de/audio.html Woody Guthrie Related Audio.] Miscellaneous Real Audio files featuring Pete Seeger, Arlo Guthrie, Alan Lomax and others. Retrieved on [[January 29]], [[2008]]. ==External links== {{sisterlinks|Woody Guthrie}} *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ok3aw36PsQ Video Documentary of Woody Guthrie's Time at Greystone Asylum in New Jersey] *[http://www.woodyguthrie.org/ The Woody Guthrie Foundation and Archives] *[http://www.woodyguthrie.com/ The Woody Guthrie Folk Festival] *[http://www.songfacts.com/int/2008/03/anna-canoni-woody-guthrie.html Songfacts interview with Anna Canoni (Guthrie's granddaughter)] <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --> {{Woody Guthrie}} {{featured article}} <!-- Please leave the "lifetime" tag in. It replaces "default sort" and the "year born" and "year died" categories. See [[Template:Lifetime]] --> {{Lifetime|1912|1967|Guthrie, Woody}} {{Persondata |NAME= Guthrie, Woody |ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Guthrie, Woodrow Wilson |SHORT DESCRIPTION= [[Singer-songwriter]] |DATE OF BIRTH= [[July 14]], [[1912]] |PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Okemah, Oklahoma|Okemah]], [[Oklahoma]], [[United States|U.S.]] |DATE OF DEATH= [[October 3]], [[1967]] |PLACE OF DEATH=[[New York City]], [[New York]], [[United States|U.S.]] }} [[Category:American autobiographers]] [[Category:American buskers]] [[Category:American folk singers]] [[Category:American male singers]] [[Category:American sailors]] [[Category:American socialists]] [[Category:American singer-songwriters]] [[Category:American songwriters]] [[Category:Folk-song collectors]] [[Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners]] [[Category:Industrial Workers of the World]] [[Category:Oklahoma musicians]] [[Category:Guthrie family]] [[Category:Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Anti-fascists]] [[ast:Woody Guthrie]] [[cs:Woody Guthrie]] [[da:Woody Guthrie]] [[de:Woody Guthrie]] [[es:Woody Guthrie]] [[fr:Woody Guthrie]] [[ga:Woodie Guthrie]] [[gl:Woody Guthrie]] [[it:Woody Guthrie]] [[he:וודי גאת'רי]] [[nl:Woody Guthrie]] [[ja:ウディ・ガスリー]] [[no:Woody Guthrie]] [[pl:Woody Guthrie]] [[pt:Woody Guthrie]] [[ru:Гатри, Вуди]] [[fi:Woody Guthrie]] [[sv:Woody Guthrie]]