Xenos
2813746
225383293
2008-07-13T11:39:07Z
89.232.22.76
{{Redirect|Radeon R500|the GPU family based on the codenamed "Radeon R520"|Radeon R520}}
{{Otheruses1|the GPU used in Xbox 360 game console, codenamed "Xenos"}}
[[Image:R500gpu.jpg|200px|thumb|Xbox 360 GPU; note the smaller eDRAM [[Integrated circuit|die]] to the left of the main Xenos die]]
The '''Xenos''' [[graphics processing unit|GPU]] is a custom graphics processing unit (GPU) designed by [[ATI Technologies|ATI]], used in the [[Xbox 360]] [[video game console]]. Developed under the codename "C1,"<ref name=Beyond3D>{{cite web | url=http://www.beyond3d.com/content/articles/4/| title=ATI Xenos: XBOX 360 Graphics Demystified | author=Wavey Dave Baumann | publisher=Beyond3D | accessdate=2006-04-11}}</ref> it is in many ways the precursor to the [[Radeon R600|R600]] desktop PC graphics card series. The chip contains two separate silicon dies: the parent GPU and the daughter [[eDRAM]].
==Specifications==
On chip, the shaders are organized in three [[SIMD]] engines with 16 processors per unit, for a total of 48 shaders. Each of these shaders is comprised of two ALUs that can execute a single operation per cycle, so that each shader unit can execute two floating-point operations per cycle.
*337 million transistors in total
*500 MHz 10 [[MiB]] daughter embedded DRAM ([[eDRAM]]) [[framebuffer]] on 65 nm process.
**[[NEC Corporation|NEC]] designed eDRAM die includes additional logic (192 parallel pixel processors) for color, [[alpha compositing]], [[Z-buffering|Z]]/[[Stencil buffer|stencil]] buffering, and [[anti-aliasing]] called “Intelligent Memory” ([[eDRAM]]), giving developers 4-sample [[anti-aliasing]] at very little performance cost.
**105 million transistors <ref name="Transistors">ATI engineers by way of Beyond 3D's Dave Baumann.</ref>
**8 [[Render Output unit]]s
***Maximum [[pixel]] fillrate: 4 gigapixel per second (8 ROPs x 500 MHz)
***Maximum Z sample rate: 8 gigasamples per second (2 Z samples x 8 ROPs x 500 MHz), 32 gigasamples per second using 4X anti aliasing (2 Z samples x 8 ROPs x 4X AA x 500 MHz)<ref name="Beyond3D"/>
***Maximum anti-aliasing sample rate: 16 gigasamples per second (4 AA samples x 8 ROPs x 500 MHz)<ref name="Beyond3D"/>
*500 MHz parent GPU on [[65 nm]] [[TSMC]] process of total 232 million transistors
**48-way parallel [[Floating point|floating-point]] dynamically-scheduled [[shader]] [[Pipeline (computing)|pipelines]]<ref name="Xbox360Specs">[http://www.xbox.com/en-AU/support/xbox360/manuals/xbox360specs.htm Xbox 360 hardware specifications]</ref>
***Unified shader architecture (each pipeline is capable of running either pixel or [[vertex shader]]s)
***10 FLOPS per pipeline per cycle
***Maximum [[vertex (geometry)|vertex]] count: 1.5 billion vertices per second ( (48 shader pipelines x 500 MHz) / 16)
***Maximum [[Polygon (computer graphics)|polygon]] count: 500 million triangles per second<ref name=Xbox360Specs /> (1.5 Billion vertices / 3 vertices per triangle)
***Maximum shader operations: 48 billion per second
***240 GFLOPS (10 FLOPS x 48 shader pipelines x 500 MHz)<ref name="perfcomp">{{cite web | url=http://xbox360.ign.com/articles/617/617951p1.html | title=Xbox 360 & PlayStation 3 performance comparison| publisher=IGN | accessdate=2006-05-25}}</ref>
***MEMEXPORT shader function
**16 texture filtering units (TF) and 16 texture Addressing unit (TA)
***16 filtered samples per clock
****Maximum [[Texel (graphics)|texel]] fillrate: 8 gigatexel per second (16 textures x 500 MHz)
***16 unfiltered texture samples per clock
**Maximum [[Dot product]] operations: 24 billion per second
**Support for a superset of [[DirectX]] 9.0c API DirectX Xbox 360, and Shader Model 3.0
*[[Computer cooling|Cooling]]: Both the GPU and CPU of the console have [[Heat sink|heatsinks]]. The CPU's heatsink uses [[Heat pipe|heatpipe]] technology, to efficiently conduct heat from the CPU to the fins of the heatsink. The heatsinks are actively cooled by a pair of 60 mm exhaust fans.
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==References==
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==See also==
*[[Xbox 360]]
*[[ATI Technologies]]
*[[Microsoft]]
{{ATI}}
{{Microsoft}}
[[Category:ATI Technologies]]
[[Category:Xbox 360]]
[[Category:Graphics hardware]]
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