Xylose
846761
217504738
2008-06-06T09:45:25Z
77.78.83.1
{{Chembox new
| Name = '''Xylose'''
| ImageFile = Xylose.png
| ImageSize = 120px
| ImageName = Xylose
| IUPACName = Xylose
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = D: 58-86-6<br />L: 609-06-3<br />DL: 41247-05-6
| SMILES = OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>5</sub>
| MolarMass = 150.13 g/mol
| MeltingPt = 144-145 °C
}}
}}
'''Xylose''' or wood sugar is an [[aldopentose]] — a [[monosaccharide]] containing five [[carbon]] [[atom]]s and including an [[aldehyde]] [[functional group]]. It has [[chemical formula]] {{carbon}}<sub>5</sub>{{hydrogen}}<sub>10</sub>{{oxygen}}<sub>5</sub>. Xylose is found in the [[embryo]]s of most edible [[plant]]s.
In animal medicine, xylose is used to test for [[malabsorption]] by administering to the patient in water after [[fasting]]. If xylose is detected in [[blood]] and/or [[urine]] within the next few hours, it has been absorbed by the intestines.<ref>[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003606.htm MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: D-xylose absorption<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> After Xylose has been catalytically [[hydrogenation|hydrogenated]], it turns into a natural [[sugar substitute]] called [[Xylitol]]. This new sugar, along with Xylose itself, is a [[reducing sugar]].
Xylose is also the first saccharide added to the [[serine]] or [[threonine]] in the [[proteoglycan]] type [[O-glycosylation]] (and so it is the first saccharide in biosythetic pathways of most anionic [[polysaccharide]]s like [[heparan sulphate]], [[chondroitin sulphate]],...)<ref>Buskas T, Ingale S, Boons GJ, "Glycopeptides as versatile tool for glycobiology", Glycobiology, vol.16, no.8, pp. 113R-136R, 2006</ref>
==See also==
* [[Xylose metabolism]]
* [[Arabinose]]
* [[Deoxyribose]]
* [[Lyxose]]
* [[Ribose]]
* [[Ribulose]]
* [[Xylulose]]
==References==
<references/>
{{Carbohydrates}}
[[Category:Monosaccharides]]
[[Category:Aldopentoses]]
[[da:Xylose]]
[[de:Xylose]]
[[es:Xilosa]]
[[fr:Xylose]]
[[nl:Xylose]]
[[ja:キシロース]]
[[pl:Ksyloza]]
[[uk:Ксилоза]]