Yermak Timofeyevich
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:''Yermak redirects here. For the ship, see [[Icebreaker Yermak]].''
[[Image:Yermak.PNG|210px|thumb|right|Yermak]]
'''Yermak Timofeyevich''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: ''Ерма́к Тимофе́евич'', also ''Ermak'') (born between [[1532]] and [[1542]] – [[August 5]] or [[August 6|6]], [[1585]]), [[Cossack]] leader and explorer of [[Siberia]]. His exploration of Siberia marked the beginning of the expansion of [[Russia]] towards this region and its colonization. ("Timofeyevich" is his [[patronimic]], not the [[last name]], so in references he must be looked up as "Yermak" or "Yermak Timofeyevich"; his last name, if any, is unknown).
In [[1558]], the [[Stroganov merchant family]] received their first patent for colonizing "the abundant region along the [[Kama River]]", and in [[1574]] lands over the [[Ural Mountains]] along the rivers [[Tura River|Tura]] and [[Tobol]]. They also received permission to build forts along the [[Ob]] and [[Irtysh]] rivers. Around [[1577]], the Stroganovs hired the Cossack leader Yermak to protect their lands from attacks of the Siberian [[Khan (title)|khan]] [[Kuchum]].
In [[1579]] or [[1581]] Yermak began his voyage into the depths of Siberia. After a few victories over the khan's army, Yermak's people defeated Kuchum's main forces after a [[Battle of Chuvash Cape|3-day battle (October 23–25, 1582) on the banks of Irtysh]]. The remains of the khan's army retreated to the [[steppes]]. On [[October 26]], Yermak captured the capital of the [[Siberia Khanate]], [[Qashliq]] (17 km from the city of [[Tobolsk]]). Since Kuchum still had enough forces to resist, he suddenly attacked Yermak on August 6, 1585 in the dead of night and killed most of his people. Yermak was wounded and tried to swim across the [[Wagay River]] (Irtysh's tributary), but drowned under the weight of his own [[chainmail]]. The remains of Yermak's forces under the command of M. Mescheryak retreated from Qashliq.
Yermak's exploration of Siberia is reflected in the so-called [[Siberian Chronicles]]. His life and death have been subjects for numerous Russian songs, books, and paintings since the [[16th century]].
[[Image:Surikov Pokoreniye Sibiri Yermakom.jpg|center|thumb|500px|''Conquest of Siberia by Yermak'', painting by [[Vasily Surikov]] ]]
== See also ==
{{commonscat|Yermak}}
*[[Icebreaker Yermak]]
*[[History of Siberia]]
*[[Exploration of Asia]]
*[[Russian conquest of Siberia]]
* [http://www.suvenirograd.ru/sights.php?id=7&lang=2 Yermak Timofeyevich ]
== References ==
''This article incorporates text from the [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]''
[[Category:Year of birth unknown|Yermak]]
[[Category:1585 deaths|Yermak]] <!-- NOT "Timofeyevich" -->
[[Category:Cossack explorers|Yermak]]
[[Category:Explorers of Asia|Yermak]]
[[Category:Explorers of Siberia]]
[[Category:Don Cossacks|Yermak]]
[[Category:Characters of Russian folklore]]
[[Category:Characters in Bylina]]
[[Category:History of Siberia]]
[[Category:Deaths by drowning]]
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