Yersinia
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2008-06-25T18:17:50Z
Hu
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/* Microbial physiology */ A statement is disputed.
{{otheruses}}
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgrey
| name = ''Yersinia''
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
| phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]
| classis = Gamma Proteobacteria
| ordo = [[Enterobacteriaceae|Enterobacteriales]]
| familia = [[Enterobacteriaceae]]
| genus = '''''Yersinia'''''
| genus_authority = van Loghem, 1944
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
''[[Yersinia pestis|Y. pestis]]''<br>
''[[Yersinia enterocolitica|Y. enterocolitica]]''<br>
''[[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis|Y. pseudotuberculosis]]''<br>
etc.
}}
'''''Yersinia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[bacterium|bacteria]] in the family [[Enterobacteriaceae]]. ''Yersinia'' are [[Gram-negative]] rod shaped [[bacteria]], a few micrometers long and fractions of a micrometer in diameter, and are [[facultative anaerobe]]s.<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | pages= pp. 368–70| id = ISBN 0838585299 }}</ref> Some members of ''Yersinia'' are pathogenic in humans. [[Rodent]]s are the natural reservoirs of ''Yersinia''; less frequently other [[mammals]] serve as the [[Host (biology)|host]]. Infection may occur either through blood (in the case of ''[[Yersinia pestis|Y. pestis]]'') or in an [[alimentary]] fashion, through occasionally via consumption of food products (especially vegetables, milk-derived products and meat) contaminated with infected [[urine]] or [[feces]].
Speculations exist as to whether or not certain ''Yersinia'' can also be spread via [[protozoan|protozoonotic]] mechanisms, since ''Yersinia'' are known to be facultative intracellular [[parasite]]s; studies and discussions of the possibility of [[amoeba]]-vectored (through the cyst form of the protozoan) Yersinia propagation and proliferation are now in progress.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
==Microbial physiology==
An interesting feature peculiar to some of the ''Yersinia'' bacteria is the ability not only to survive, but also to proliferate at temperatures as low as 1-4 degrees [[Celsius]] (e.g., on cut salads and other food products in a refrigerator). ''Yersinia'' representatives also reveal relatively high heat resistance, some of them being able to survive 50-60 degrees [[Celsius]] temperature for up to 20-30 minutes and (arguably, might be due to misreading of information like the first external link below) surviving standard [[pasteurization]] process (15 seconds at 72 degrees Celsius) in milk.{{disputed-inline|date=June 2008}} ''Yersinia'' bacteria are relatively quickly inactivated by [[oxidizing agent]]s such as [[hydrogen peroxide]] and [[potassium permanganate]] solutions.
==Pathogenesis==
The disease caused by ''[[Yersinia enterocolitica|Y. enterocolitica]]'' is called [[Yersiniosis]].
Another pathogen is ''[[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis|Y. pseudotuberculosis]]'', which is the least common species of ''Yersinia'' causing disease in humans. Yersinia is implicated as one of the pathogenic causes of Reactive Arthritis worldwide.
==History==
The genus is named for [[Alexandre Emile John Yersin|A.E.J. Yersin]], a [[Swiss]] [[bacteriologist]], who discovered the ''[[Yersinia pestis]]'' bacterium - the causative agent of the [[bubonic plague]]. The special genus ''Yersinia'' has been recognized since 1971, mainly for [[Taxonomy|taxonomic]] reasons.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
==References==
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==External links==
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/697469.stm BBC News: Bacteria survives milk processing]
*[http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/104/3/e36 Yersinia Enterocolitis Mimicking Crohn's Disease in a Toddler]
*[http://www.thelocal.se/article.php?ID=2810&date=20060107 Sweden: Pork warnings over new stomach illness]
*Genomic information on ''Yersinia'' is available at [http://www.ericbrc.org ERIC]
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