Yorkshire and the Humber 53129 221210845 2008-06-23T15:05:12Z Little Savage 380298 +he {{otheruses4|the region|the European constituency|Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)}} <!---start of article---> '''Yorkshire and the Humber''' is one of the nine [[Government Office|government office]] [[regions of England]]. It covers most of the [[Historic counties of England|historic county]] of [[Yorkshire]], along with the part of northern [[Lincolnshire]] that was, from 1974 to 1996, within the former [[shire county]] of [[Humberside]].The population in [[2005]] was 5,142,400. {{infobox England region | name = Yorkshire and the Humber | short_name = Yorkshire and the Humber | hq = [[Leeds]] / [[Sheffield]] | imagename = image:EnglandYorkshireHumber.png | status = [[Regions of England|Region]] | area_km2= 15,420 | area_mi2= 5,953 | area_rank= 5th | density = 328/km² | nuts= UKE | euro= [[Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)|Yorkshire and the Humber]] | population = 5,142,400 (2006) | population_rank= 6th | gdp_rank= 8th | gdp=15,056 | assembly = [[Yorkshire and Humber Assembly|Yorkshire and Humber]] | development_agency = [[Yorkshire Forward]]| election = not directly elected | url = http://www.yhassembly.gov.uk/ | }} ==[[Yorkshire and the Humber]]== ==Geographical context== See [[Topographical areas of Yorkshire]] and [[Geology of Yorkshire]] In the Yorkshire and Humberside region there is a very close relationship between the major [[topographical]] areas and the underlying geology.<ref name="genukiorg">{{cite news|url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/|publisher=Genuki.org|title=Yorkshire Geology|date=[[24 October]] [[2007]]}}</ref> The [[Pennine]] chain of hills in the west is of [[Carboniferous]] origin. The central vale is [[Triassic|Permo-Triassic]]. The [[North York Moors]] in the north-east of the county are [[Jurassic]] in age while the [[Yorkshire Wolds]] and [[Lincolnshire Wolds]] to the south east are [[Cretaceous]] chalk uplands.<ref name="genukiorg">{{cite news|url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/|publisher=Genuki.org|title=Yorkshire Geology|date=[[24 October]] [[2007]]}}</ref> [[Image:Yorkshire-Drainage.jpg|170px|thumb|left|The main rivers of Yorkshire.]] The region is [[Drainage|drained]] by several rivers. In Western and central Yorkshire the many rivers empty their waters into the [[River Ouse, Yorkshire|River Ouse]] which reaches the North Sea via the [[Humber Estuary]].<ref name="rivers">{{cite book | year = 1992 | title = Yorkshire Rivers: A Canoeists Guide | publisher= Menasha Ridge Press | isbn = 978-1871890167}}</ref> The most northerly of the rivers in the Ouse system is the Swale, which drains [[Swaledale]] before passing through [[Richmond, North Yorkshire|Richmond]] and meandering across the [[Vale of Mowbray]]. Next, draining [[Wensleydale]], is the [[River Ure]], which joins the Swale east of Boroughbridge. The [[River Nidd]] rises on the edge of the [[Yorkshire Dales National Park]] and flows along [[Nidderdale]] before reaching the [[Vale of York]].<ref name="rivers">{{cite book | title = Yorkshire Rivers: A Canoeists Guide | publisher= Menasha Ridge Press | isbn = 978-1871890167| Year = [[1 March]] [[1992]]}}</ref> The Ouse is the name given to the river after its confluence with the Ure at Ouse Gill Beck. The [[River Wharfe]], which drains [[Wharfedale]], joins the Ouse upstream of Cawood.<ref name="rivers">{{cite book | title = Yorkshire Rivers: A Canoeists Guide | publisher= Menasha Ridge Press | isbn = 978-1871890167| Year = [[1 March]] [[1992]]}}</ref> The Rivers Aire and Calder are more southerly contributors to the River Ouse and the most southerly Yorkshire tributary is the [[River Don, South Yorkshire|River Don]], which flows northwards to join the main river at [[Goole]]. In the far north of the county the [[River Tees]] flows eastwards through [[Teesdale]] and empties its waters into the North Sea downstream of Middlesbrough. The smaller [[River Esk, North Yorkshire|River Esk]] flows from west to east at the northern foot of the North York Moors to reach the sea at Whitby.<ref name="rivers">{{cite book | title = Yorkshire Rivers: A Canoeists Guide | publisher= Menasha Ridge Press | isbn = 978-1871890167| Year = [[1 March]] [[1992]]}}</ref> The [[River Derwent]] rises on the North York Moors, flows south then westwards through the [[Vale of Pickering]] then turns south again to drain the eastern part of the Vale of York. It empties into the River Ouse at Barmby on the Marsh.<ref name="rivers">{{cite book | title = Yorkshire Rivers: A Canoeists Guide | publisher= Menasha Ridge Press | isbn = 978-1871890167| Year = [[1 March]] [[1992]]}}</ref> To the east of the Yorkshire Wolds the [[River Hull]] flows southwards to join the Humber Estuary at [[Kingston upon Hull]]. The western Pennines are served by the [[River Ribble]] which drains westwards into the Irish Sea close to Lytham St Anne's.<ref name="rivers">{{cite book | title = Yorkshire Rivers: A Canoeists Guide | publisher= Menasha Ridge Press | isbn = 978-1871890167| Year = [[1 March]] [[1992]]}}</ref> The highest point of the region is [[Whernside]], in the [[Yorkshire Dales]], at 737 metres. The largest freshwater lake is [[Hornsea Mere]] in the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]]. This region of [[England]] generally has cool summers and relatively mild winters with the upland areas of the [[North York Moors]] and the [[Pennines]] experiencing the coolest weather and the [[Vale of York]] the warmest. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season. The latitude of the area means that it is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts, bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in winter. Between depressions there are often small mobile anticyclones that bring periods of fair weather. In winter [[anticyclone]]s bring cold dry weather. In summer the anticyclones tend to bring dry settled conditions which can lead to drought. For its latitude this area is mild in winter and cooler in summer due to the influence of the [[Gulf Stream]] in the northern [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Air temperature varies on a daily and seasonal basis. The temperature is usually lower at night and January is the coldest time of the year and July is usually the warmest month. <ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/location/england/ |title=English Climate |accessdate=2008-05-03 |publisher=Met Office }}</ref> ==Local government== The official [[Regions of England|region]] consists of the following subdivisions:<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/goyh/ourregion/las/ |title=Local Authorities |accessdate=2008-05-06 |date=April 2008 |publisher=Government Office for Yorkshire and the Humber }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Map || Ceremonial county || County/ unitary || Districts |- | rowspan="8" | [[Image:EnglandYorkshireHumberNumbered.png]] || colspan="2" | [[South Yorkshire]] * || 1. [[Sheffield]], 2. [[Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham|Rotherham]], 3. [[Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley|Barnsley]], 4. [[Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster|Doncaster]] |- | colspan="2" | [[West Yorkshire]] * || 5. [[City of Wakefield|Wakefield]], 6. [[Kirklees]], 7. [[Calderdale]], 8. [[City of Bradford|Bradford]], 9. [[City of Leeds|Leeds]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[North Yorkshire]]<br>(part only) || 10. North Yorkshire † || a.) [[Selby (district)|Selby]], b.) [[Harrogate (borough)|Harrogate]], c.) [[Craven]], d.) [[Richmondshire]], e.) [[Hambleton]], f.) [[Ryedale]], g.) [[Scarborough (borough)|Scarborough]] |- | colspan="2" | 11. [[York]] U.A. |- | rowspan="2" | [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] || colspan="2" | 12. East Riding of Yorkshire U.A. |- | colspan="2" | 13. [[Kingston upon Hull]] U.A. |- | rowspan="2" | [[Lincolnshire]]<br>(part only) || colspan="2" | 14. [[North Lincolnshire]] U.A. |- | colspan="2" | 15. [[North East Lincolnshire]] U.A. |- |} Key: [[shire county]] = † | [[metropolitan county]] = * It was originally called '''Yorkshire and Humberside''', and defined as [[North Yorkshire]], [[West Yorkshire]], [[South Yorkshire]] and [[Humberside]]. Since then, Humberside has been abolished, and the councils of West and South Yorkshire abolished. The older form of the name is still occasionally seen. ==Regional assembly== The Yorkshire and Humber Assembly is a partnership of all local authorities in the region and representatives of various economic, social and environmental sectors.The full Assembly normally meets three times a year, normally in February, June and October. <blockquote> The full Assembly is responsible for providing regional leadership, agreeing regional strategic priorities, directing the development of the Integrated Regional Framework and endorsing key regional strategies. Membership comprises all 22 local authorities in this region, plus 15 Social, Economic and Environmental partners, and the National Parks for planning purposes </blockquote><ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.yhassembly.gov.uk/About%20Us/What%20is%20the%20Assembly%20and%20how%20does%20it%20work/ |title=What is the Assembly and how does it work? |accessdate=2008-05-12 }}</ref> Yorkshire is one of the two regions (along with the [[North West England|North West]]) that were expected to have a referendum about the establishment of an elected [[Regional Assemblies in England|regional assembly]]. When the [[North East England|North East]] region of England rejected having an elected regional assembly in a referendum, the then [[Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Deputy Prime Minister]] [[John Prescott]] announced that he would not move orders for other referenda before the relevant provisions expired in June, [[2005]]. The Yorkshire and Humberside Assembly is based in Wakefield.<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.yhassembly.gov.uk/ |title=Yorkshire and Humber Assembly |accessdate=2008-05-12 }}</ref> == European Parliament== The European constituency is con-terminal with the English region. == Election results 2004 == {{Election box begin for list| |title=[[European Parliament election, 2004|European Election 2004]]: Yorkshire and the Humber }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = [[Linda McAvan]]<br/>[[Richard Corbett]] |votes = 413,213 (206,606.5) |percentage = 26.3 |change = &minus;5.0 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = [[Timothy Kirkhope]]<br/>[[Edward McMillan-Scott]] |votes = 387,369 (193,684.5) |percentage = 24.6 |change = &minus;12.0 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = [[Diana Wallis]] |votes = 244,607 |percentage = 15.6 |change = +1.2 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = United Kingdom Independence Party |candidate = [[Godfrey Bloom]] |votes = 228,666 |percentage = 14.0 |change = +6.9 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = British National Party |candidate = ''None'' |votes = 126,538 |percentage = 8.0 |change = +6.8 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = ''None'' |votes = 90,337 |percentage = 5.7 |change = 0 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = RESPECT The Unity Coalition |candidate = ''None'' |votes = 29,865 |percentage = 1.9 |change = ''N/A'' }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = English Democrats Party |candidate = ''None'' |votes = 24,068 |percentage = 1.5 |change = ''N/A'' }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = ''No'' |votes = 14,762 |percentage = 0.9 |change = ''N/A'' }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Alliance for Green Socialism |candidate = ''None'' |votes = 13,776 |percentage = 0.9 |change = ''N/A'' }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 1,596,787 |percentage = 42.9 |change = +23.3 }} {{Election box end}} ==Demographics== ===Population, Density and Settlements=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Region/County ! Population ! Population Density ! Largest town/city ! Largest metropolitan area |- | '''Yorkshire and the Humber''' | '''5,142,400''' | '''328/km²''' | '''[[Leeds]] (747,939)''' | '''[[West Yorkshire Urban Area]] (1,499,465)''' |- | [[West Yorkshire]] | 2,118,600 | 1,004/km² | Leeds (747,939) | West Yorkshire Urban Area (1,499,465) |- | [[South Yorkshire]] | 1,292,900 | 833/km² | [[Sheffield]] (525,800) | [[Sheffield Urban Area]] (640,720) |- | [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] | 587,100 | 137/km² | [[Kingston upon Hull]] (256,200) | [[Kingston upon Hull Urban Area]] (301,416) |- | [[North Yorkshire]] | 1,061,300 | 123/km² | [[York]] (184,900) | [[York]] (184,900) |- | [[North Lincolnshire]] | 159,000 | 188/km² | [[Scunthorpe]] (72,660) | [[Scunthorpe]] (72,660) |- | [[North East Lincolnshire]] | 158,900 | 828/km² | [[Grimsby]] (87,574) | [[Grimsby/Cleethorpes]] (138,842) |} <ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/goyh/factgoyh/Yorkshireandthehumber/ |title=Fact Files: Yorkshire and The Humber > Yorkshire and The Humber |accessdate=2008-05-06 |last=Office for National Statistics. |date=April 2008 |publisher=Government Office for Yorkshire and the Humber }}</ref> <!-- ===Ethnicity=== ===Place of Birth=== ===Religion=== ===Language and dialect=== ==History== ===Prior to formation of the Yorkshire and the Humber=== ===After formation of the Yorkshire and the Humber=== --> ==Transport== ===Road=== *Regionwide[[Image:Map of the M62 motorway - section.svg|thumb|right|250px|The M62's route in relation to the four major cities it serves: Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds and Hull.]] The [[M62 motorway]] is Yorkshire's main east-west thoroughfare, and north-south routes are the [[M1 motorway|M1]] and the [[A1 road|A1]], with only the A1 continuing further north. The other main north south road in the region is the [[A19 road|A19]].<ref name=patlas> Philips Motoring Atlas:Britain. Philips, London 2005</ref> <!-- *West Yorkshire *The East Riding of Yorkshire * North Yorkshire * South Yorkshire * Lincolnshire --> ===Air=== Airports in the region are [[Leeds Bradford International Airport]] at [[Yeadon, West Yorkshire|Yeadon]], [[Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield]] near Doncaster and [[Humberside Airport]] near [[Brigg]] in [[North Lincolnshire]]. [[Durham Tees Valley Airport]] serves the northernmost areas of the region, and there are day and night [[First TransPennine Express|direct rail connections]] from the region to [[Manchester Airport]]. ===Rail=== The central hubs of the rail network in the region are [[Leeds City railway station|Leeds]] and [[York railway station|York]], with the [[East Coast Main Line]] and [[CrossCountry]]rail links serving both. The [[Midland Main Line]] finishes at [[Sheffield]], with a less regular service to Leeds, operated by [[East Midlands Trains]]. East-west routes are the [[North TransPennine]] to [[Manchester Piccadilly station|Manchester]], and [[South TransPennine]] through [[Doncaster railway station|Doncaster]]. ===Sea=== [[Image:PrideofRotterdam.png|thumb|right|The Pride of Rotterdam ferry operates from [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]]] Hull has [[P&O Ferries|ferries]] to [[Zeebrugge]] and [[Rotterdam]]. <!-- ==Major cities and towns== ===Town and City Twinnings=== --> ==Economy== [[Yorkshire Forward]] is the [[Regional Development Agency]] charged with improving the Yorkshire and Humber economy, where some 270,000 businesses contribute to an economy worth in excess of £80 billion. With over 5 million people living in the region it ranks alongside some small countries including Ireland, Greece, Norway and Singapore.<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshire-forward.com/www/index.asp |title=Yorkshire Forward |accessdate=2008-05-12 }}</ref> Yorkshire in the past has been synonymous with mining. Many pits closed in the 1990s, with only a few in the Pontefract area left. The [[National Union of Mineworkers|NUM]] was very Yorkshire-dominated. Coal still plays a part in the economy - there are three large power stations along the [[River Aire|Aire]] Valley, with [[Drax power station|Drax]] being the second largest in Europe with 3945[[Megawatt|MW]] of capacity. Leeds is now a centre of financial services companies, with [[Direct Line]] and [[First Direct]] based there, as well as [[ASDA]], [[Northern Foods]], and the [[Green Flag]] roadside recovery firm (in [[Farsley]]). The Waddington board game company was founded in Leeds, as was the Burton tailoring company (the Burton Group became the [[Arcadia Group]]). [[Morrisons]] is based in Bradford, as well as [[Club 18-30]] and the [[Grattan plc|Grattan]] catalogue retailer. [[Nestlé]] in the UK are based in York, with operations in Halifax. The [[Halifax (bank)|Halifax]] bank (former Building Society) is in Halifax. Sheffield is known for its steel industry, which has declined in recent years. [[Scunthorpe]] is where steel is [[Smelting|smelted]] by [[Corus Group|Corus]]. [[Grimsby]] is home of (what is left of) Britain's fishing industry, and has many frozen food factories. There are two large oil refineries at [[Immingham]], and a [[BP]] chemical works at [[Salt End|Saltend]] in Hull. [[Smith & Nephew]] and [[Reckitt Benckiser]] medical and household products companies originated in Hull, and still have large factories there. There are many [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] bases in [[North Yorkshire]], close to the A1. [[McCain Foods Limited|McCain]] is in Scarborough. ==Education== See [[List of schools in Yorkshire and the Humber]] Schools are mostly comprehensive, with some grammar schools in North Yorkshire, Calderdale and Kirklees. The schools in Hull perform the worst in the UK at [[GCSE]]. Also at GCSE, schools in Barnsley, Bradford, Doncaster and North-East Lincolnshire have low-achieving results with Barnsley the worst of these. All four of these areas coincidentally have an above-average teenage pregnancy problem. For the metropolitan areas, Calderdale and Wakefield perform the best, although slightly under the UK average. North Yorkshire performs the best at GCSE in the region, and with the East Riding of Yorkshire and York have results above the UK average. At A-level Hull, North Lincolnshire, Kirklees and North Yorkshire perform quite well with Kirklees being the best by a large margin, and with Wakefield have results above the UK average. The excellent Kirklees result is due to Greenhead College in Huddersfield. The districts of South Yorkshire perform the least in the area at A level, and all of these districts achieve similar results, much lower than those in the former districts of Humberside. Hull and northern Lincolnshire have a wide socio-economic diversity - many under-achieving pupils at 16 but with high performers at A-level. Such areas are suited to selective education. Effectively in these two areas, selection is taking place - at 16. ===Secondary Education=== ===Top twenty state schools in Yorkshire and the Humber (2007 A level results)=== * 1. [[Ermysted's Grammar School]] (1088) * 2. [[Greenhead College]] * 3. [[Fulford School]] * 4. [[Skipton Girls' High School]] * 5. [[Crossley Heath Grammar School]] * 6. [[Ripon Grammar School]] * 7. [[Heckmondwike Grammar School]] * 8. [[Huntington School]] * 9. [[Malton School]] * 10. [[Harrogate Grammar School]] * 11. [[St. Aidan's & St. John Fisher Associated Sixth Form]] * 12. [[Ilkley Grammar School]] * 13. [[The McAuley School]] * 14. [[The Hayfield School]] * 15. [[Roundhay School]] * 16. [[Penistone Grammar School]] * 17. [[All Saints Catholic High School, Sheffield]] * 18. [[Notre Dame High School (Sheffield)]] * 19. [[Bingley Grammar School]] * 20. [[Wath Comprehensive School]] (870) <!-- ===Colleges=== --> ===Universities=== See [[List of universities in Yorkshire and the Humber]] ==Local media== * Local BBC television comes from [[BBC Look North (Yorkshire and North Midlands)|Leeds]] and [[BBC Look North (East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire)|Hull]]. [[Yorkshire Television]] is on ''Kirkstall Road'' in the west of Leeds, which broadcasts ''[[Calendar (News)|Calendar]]'' and some national programming. [[Channel 4]] broadcasts some of its flagship programming from Kirkstall, including ''[[Countdown (game show)|Countdown]]''. * BBC Radios [[BBC Radio Leeds|Leeds]], [[BBC Radio York|York]], [[BBC Radio Humberside|Humberside]] and [[BBC Radio Sheffield|Sheffield]]. * Local commercial stations include [[The Pulse of West Yorkshire]] (Bradford), [[Dearne FM]] (Barnsley), [[Trax FM]] (Doncaster), [[Compass FM]] (Grimsby), [[Ridings FM]] (Wakefield), [[Rother FM]], [[96.3 Radio Aire]] (Leeds), [[Galaxy Yorkshire]], [[Minster FM]] (York), [[Yorkshire Coast Radio]] ([[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]]), [[Fresh Radio]] ([[Skipton]]), [[Real Radio (Yorkshire)|Real Radio]] ([[Tingley]]), [[Home 107.9]] (Huddersfield), [[97.2 Stray FM]] (Harrogate), [[Viking FM]] (Hull) and [[Hallam FM]] (Sheffield). * Local newspapers are the [[Yorkshire Evening Post]], [[Yorkshire Post]], [[Bradford Telegraph and Argus]], [[The Press (York)]], [[Scarborough Evening News]], [[Sheffield Star]], [[Hull Daily Mail]], [[Scunthorpe Telegraph]], [[Wakefield Express]], [[Huddersfield Examiner]] and [[Evening Courier]]. * Yorkshire and Humberside are very supportive in their approach to theatre and performance festivals and hold regional championships for young performers every 2 years. The championship is sectioned in Dance, Music and Speech & Drama. The most recent championship was held on Saturday 8th September, at St Margaret's Church Hall, Horsforth in Leeds. 16 year-old Nuthana Prathivadi, of Halifax, took the Dance Champion title; Helen Wilson, of Harrogate, titled Music Champion and with 17-year old Lee Peart, of Cleethorpes, winning the Speech & Drama championship. <!-- ==Professional Sport== ===Cricket=== ===Football=== ===Rugby League=== --> ==References== <references/> <!-- ==See also== --> ==External links== * [http://www.goyh.gov.uk Government Office for Yorkshire and the Humber] * [http://www.yhassembly.gov.uk Yorkshire and Humber Assembly] * [[Yorkshire Forward]] * [http://www.yorkshireandhumberfaiths.org.uk Yorkshire and Humber Faiths Forum] * [http://www.yhassembly.gov.uk/dnlds/eVersion%20-%20291007.pdf Yorkshire and Humber Assembly Information Pack] {{United Kingdom regions}} {{Yorkshire and the Humber}} [[Category:Government Office Regions]] [[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions of the European Union]] [[Category:Yorkshire]] [[an:Yorkshire e Humber]] [[cs:Yorkshire a Humber]] [[cy:Swydd Efrog a'r Humber]] [[da:Yorkshire and the Humber]] [[de:Yorkshire and the Humber]] [[eo:Yorkshire and the Humber]] [[eu:Yorkshire eta Humber]] [[fr:Yorkshire et Humber]] [[he:יורקשייר והאמבר]] [[id:Yorkshire and the Humber]] [[it:Yorkshire e Humber]] [[lv:Jorkšīra un Hambera]] [[nl:Yorkshire and the Humber]] [[no:Yorkshire og Humber]] [[pt:Yorkshire e Humber]] [[ro:Yorkshire and the Humber]] [[ru:Йоркшир и Хамбер]] [[simple:Yorkshire and the Humber]] [[sk:Yorkshire and the Humber]] [[fi:Yorkshire ja Humber]] [[sv:Yorkshire och Humber]] [[zh:约克郡-亨伯]]